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chemistry > Using the Earth’s resources > Flashcards

Using the Earth’s resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What are natural resources used for

A

Food
Timber
Clothing
Fuels

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2
Q

What are synthetic materials and what are they used for

A

Made by scientists

Used to replace or supplement natural resources

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3
Q

What is sustainable development

A

Development that meets the need of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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4
Q

What finite resources and give an example

A

They will eventually run out

Fossil fuels

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5
Q

What are renewable resources and give am example

A

They will not run out

Trees - wood

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6
Q

What is potable water

A

Water that is safe to drink

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7
Q

What does pure water have in it

A

Just water molecules

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8
Q

What does potable water have in it

A

Water molecules
Low levels of salts
Safe levels of harmful microbes

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9
Q

What does salty water/ sea water have in it

A

Water molecules
Dangerously high levels of salt
High levels of harmful microbes

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10
Q

What does freshwater from rivers, lakes or underground have in it

A

Water molecules
Low levels of salt
Often has harmful microbes at high levels

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11
Q

What are the steps to produce potable water from fresh water in lakes and rivers

A

Choose an appropriate source of fresh water

Pass the water through filters to remove large objects

Sterilise the water to kill any microbes using ozone, chlorine or UV light

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12
Q

What is desalination

A

Process to turn saltwater into potable water

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13
Q

Why is desalination expensive

A

It requires a lot of energy

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14
Q

What are the two ways to desalinate salt water

A

Distillation

Reverse osmosis

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15
Q

Explain reverse osmosis

A

Involves using membranes to separate the salts dissolved in the water

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16
Q

Why is reverse osmosis an expensive process

A

The water needs to be pressurised which uses a lot of energy

Salty water corrodes the pump so needs to he replaced often

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17
Q

Explain the process of distillation

A

Clamp attached to a distilling flask with seawater above a bunsen burner with a thermometer inside

Attach a condenser and have a clonical flask collect the water at the end

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18
Q

What types of waste water does human activity produce

A

Sewage
Agricultural
Industrial

19
Q

What does sewage, agricultural, industrial waste have in it

A

Sewage and agricultural: organic matter and harmful microbes

Industrial: organic matter and harmful chemicals

20
Q

Steps on how to treat sewage water before sludge and effluent

A

Screening and grit removal: pass through a metal grid to filter out large objects

Sedimentation: sewage in sedimentation tank where sediment sinks and liquid sits at the top
Separated into sludge and effluent

21
Q

Explain the steps on treating sludge

A

Sediment is called sludge which contains organic matter, water, dissolved compounds, small solid particles

Anaerobic treatment: bacteria added to digest the organic matter by anaerobic respiration

Biogas: anaerobic digestion of sludge produces biogas which is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfite that can be used as fuel

Remaining sludge used a fuel

22
Q

Explain the steps in treating liquid effluent

A

No solid matter but contains harmful microorganisms

Aerobic treatment: bacteria break it down by aerobic respiration

Bacteria is allowed to settle out the water

Water is no safe to be release back into the environment

23
Q

What are two alternative processes used to extract copper from low garde ores

A

Phytomining

Bioleaching

24
Q

Explain the process for phytomining

A

Grow plants near the metal ore

Harvest and burn the plants

The ash contains the metal compound

Process the ash by electrolysis or displacement with scrap metal

25
Q

Explain the process for bioleaching

A

Grow bacteria near the metal ore

Bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain metal compound

Process the leachate by electrolysis or displacement with scrap metal

26
Q

What does birth phytomining and bioleaching avoid compared to traditional mining techniques

A

Digging
Moving
Disposing of large rocks

27
Q

What is a life cycle assessment

A

Way of looking at the whole life of a product and assessing its impact on the environment and sustainability

28
Q

What are the four categories of the life cycle assessment

A

Extracting and processing raw materials

Manufacturing and packaging

Use and operation during its lifetime

Disposal at end of life

29
Q

What are the two things you must take into account at each stage of the life cycle assessment

A

Transportation
Distribution

30
Q

What are 4 ways to dispose of a product

A

Added to landfill
Incinerated
Reused
Recycle

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of landfill

A

Cause habitat loss and problems in ecosystem

Items stay there for hundreds of years as they do not biodegrade

32
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of incineration

A

Produces useful energy

Combustion can often be incomplete and result in harmful pollutants being released

33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of recycling

A

Requires energy

Conserved limited resources and requires less energy than making new materials

34
Q

Extracting and processing of metals and impacts

A

Quarrying and mining cause habitat loss

Machinery used in mining produces greenhouse gases

Extraction from metal ores requires lots of energy

35
Q

Disposal of metals

A

Recycled by melting and casting into new shapes

Metals in landfill persist for a long time

36
Q

Extraction and processing of plastic

A

From fossil fuels that are non renewable

37
Q

Disposal of plastics and impacts

A

Plastic products reused and recycled

End up in landfill where they stay for long times - non biodegradable

Incinerating plastics produce pollutants carbon monoxide and particulates

38
Q

Paper extraction and processing with impacts

A

Produced from trees that requires lots of land and water to grow

39
Q

Disposal of paper with impacts

A

Recycled

Incinerated or decay naturally in landfill which released greenhouse gases

40
Q

Extraction and processing of glass with impacts

A

Produced by heating sand requires lots of energy

41
Q

Disposal of glass

A

Reused, crushed or recycled

Non biodegradable so will remain long times in landfill

42
Q

Extraction and processing of ceramics with impacts

A

Clay and rocks

Requires quarrying that needs a lot of energy releasing lots of pollutants from heavy machinery - causing habitat loss

43
Q

Disposal of ceramics

A

Not commonly recycled

Persist in landfill

chemistry (20 decks)

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