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chemistry > Chemical analysis > Flashcards

Chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance

A

Something made up of only one substance

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2
Q

What is an impure substance

A

Contains more than one type of element of compound in a mixture

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3
Q

What is the difference between the melting and boiling point of pure and impure substances

A

Pure - specific temperature

Impure - range of temperatures

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4
Q

What is a formulation

A

A mixture designed for a specific purpose

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5
Q

What are some examples of formulations

A

Fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicine, alloys, fertilisers and foods

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6
Q

What is chromatography

A

A process for separating coloured mixtures

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7
Q

How is Rf calculated

A

Rf = distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent

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8
Q

What is the stationary phase

A

The chromatography paper

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9
Q

Why is the pencil line drawn with pencil

A

The pen would dissolve and travel up the paper

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10
Q

What the mobile phase

A

Solvent

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11
Q

Explain the relationship between distance traveled and solubility

A

Long distance - very soluble

Short distance - less soluble

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12
Q

How to test for hydrogen and positive result

A

Hold a lighted splint near the gas

Hear a squeaky pop

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13
Q

How to test for oxygen and positive result

A

Hold a glowing splint near the gas

The splint re-lights

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14
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide and positive result

A

Bubble the gas through limewater

Limewater turns cloudy

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15
Q

How to test for chlorine and positive result

A

Hold a piece of damp litmus paper near the gas

Bleaches the litmus paper white

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16
Q

What is a cation

A

A positively charged ion

17
Q

What the test for aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions (cations)

A

Forms white precipitate with sodium hydroxide solution

18
Q

How can aluminium ions be distinguished from calcium and magnesium ones (cations)

A

The white precipitate will dissolve with excess sodium hydroxide

19
Q

What colour precipitate will form when copper (II) ions are added to sodium hydroxide (cation)

A

Blue

20
Q

What colour precipitate will form when iron (II) ions are added to sodium hydroxide (cation)

A

Green

21
Q

What colour precipitate will form when iron (III) ions are added to sodium hydroxide (cation)

A

Brown

22
Q

What are anions

A

Ions that are negatively charged

23
Q

Test and positive result for carbonate ions (anion)

A

Add dilute acid

Carbon dioxide gas formed which can be test for with limewater

24
Q

Test and positive result for chloride ions (anion)

A

Add silver nitrate solution in the presence of nitric acid

White precipitate formed

25
Q

Test and positive result for bromide ions (anion)

A

Add silver nitrate solution in the presence of nitric acid

Cream precipitate formed

26
Q

Test and positive result for iodine ions (anion)

A

Add silver nitrate solution in the presence of nitric acid

Yellow precipitate formed

27
Q

Test and positive result for sulfate ions (anion)

A

Add barium chloride solution in the presence of hydrochloric acid

White precipitate formed

28
Q

What colour flame does lithium produce

A

Crimson

29
Q

What colour flame does sodium produce

A

Yellow

30
Q

What colour flame does potassium produce

A

Lilac

31
Q

What colour flame does calcium produce

A

Orange-red

32
Q

What colour flame does copper produce

A

Green

33
Q

What is instrumental analysis

A

Using complex scientific equipment to identify substances

34
Q

What are the three advantages of instrumental analysis

A

Rapid
Accurate
Sensitive

35
Q

What information does flame emission spectroscopy produce

A

The wavelength of life given off by a metal in a flame to identity of the metal and its concentration

chemistry (20 decks)

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