using resources (p2)

Question 1

What are finite resources?

Answer 1

Resources that aren’t formed quickly enough to be considered replaceable

Question 2

What are renewable resources?

Answer 2

Resources that reform at a similar rate to, or faster than they are used

Question 3

What are natural resources?

Answer 3

Resources that form without human input

Question 4

What is sustainable development?

Answer 4

Development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 5

What is potable water?

Answer 5

Water that is safe to drink

Question 5

What is desalination?

Answer 5

The removal of salt from water

Question 5

Is potable water pure?

Answer 5

No - it contains dissolved substances

Question 5

Outline the three steps in producing potable water from fresh water

Answer 5

1. Choose a source of fresh water
2. Passing water through filter beds
3. Sterilising it

Question 6

What is the main source of fresh water in the UK?

Answer 6

Rain water that collects in the ground and in rivers and lakes

Question 7

Why is fresh water passed through filter beds when making potable water?

Answer 7

To remove any solid material

Question 8

Why is fresh water sterilised when making potable water?

Answer 8

To kill microbes

Question 9

If supplies of fresh water are limited, how will potable water be generated?

Answer 9

Desalination of salt water or sea water

Question 10

How is salty water desalinated?

Answer 10

Either by distillation or reverse osmosis (both process remove salt)

Question 11

Why is it better to generate potable water from fresh water than salty water?

Answer 11

Desalination of salty water requires lots of energy

Question 12

How can fresh water be sterilised?

Answer 12

Either by chlorine, ozone or UV light

Question 13

How can you test if water is pure?

Answer 13

Check the melting and boiling point: pure water melts at 0 ᵒC and boils at 100 ᵒC

Question 14

Outline the process of sedimentation during waste treatment

Answer 14

• Sewage water stands in a settlement tank
• Heavy solids sink to the bottom to produce sludge
• Light effluent floats on the top

Question 15

How is sewage treated?

Answer 15

1. Screening to remove any large material
2. Sedimentation to produce sludge and effluent
3. Sludge undergoes anaerobic digestion to produce natural gas and fertiliser
4. Effluent undergoes aerobic digestion to produce water

Question 16

What happens when sludge undergoes anearobic digestion?

Answer 16

The organic matter in sludge is broken down producing natural gas and fertiliser

Question 17

What happens when effluent undergoes aerobic digestion?

Answer 17

the organic matter in effluent is broken down producing water

Question 18

What happens to the water that is produced from the aerobic digestion of effluent?

Answer 18

Released back into the environment

Question 19

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] What is a low grade ore?

Answer 19

An ore that contains only a small amount of the required metal

Question 20

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] What is an ore?

Answer 20

A naturally occuring compound from which a metal can be extracted

Question 21

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] Name two methods used to extract copper from low-grade copper ores

Answer 21

Phytomining
Bioleaching

Question 22

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] Describe the process of phytomining

Answer 22

• Plants absorb copper compounds from the soil containing low grade copper ore
• The plants are harvested and burned to produce ash that contains copper compounds

Question 23

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] Describe the process of bioleaching

Answer 23

• Bacteria feed on copper compounds in low grade copper ores
• Bacteria produce leachate that contains copper compounds

Question 24

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] What is leachate?

Answer 24

A solution of soluble copper compounds

Question 25

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] How is copper extracted from the soluble copper compounds produced in bioleaching and phytomining?

Answer 25

Either by electrolysis or displacement reactions using scrap iron

Question 26

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿] What are the advantages of obtaining copper from bioleaching or phytomining instead of traditional mining?

Answer 26

Phytomining and bioleaching do not involve digging, moving and disposing large amounts of rock

Question 27

Why are life cycle assessments carried out?

Answer 27

To assess the environmental impact of the life of a product

Question 27

What are the main stages of a life cycle assessment?

Answer 27

consider the environmental impact of products during:
* extracting and processing raw materials
* manufacturing and packaging
* use and operation during its lifetime
* disposal at the end of its useful life, including transport and distribution at each stage.