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chemistry > atomic structures (p1) > Flashcards

atomic structures (p1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

A

an atom

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of two or more different types of atom that are chemically bonded together

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made up of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded together

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A substance made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

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6
Q

How would you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

A

filtration

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7
Q

How would you separate two liquids?

A

Distillation

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8
Q

How would you separate a mixture of coloured compounds?

A

Chromatography

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9
Q

What was the model of the atom before electrons were discovered?

A

the atom is a tiny sphere that can not be divided

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10
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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11
Q

What is the nuclear model of the atom?

A

the atom contains a charged nucleus in the centre which contains most of the mass of the atom

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12
Q

What conclusions were drawn from the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A

The mass of an atom is concentrated in the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus is charged

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13
Q

Who adapted the nuclear model to included electron shells?

A

Niels Bohr

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14
Q

What was Niels Bohr’s contribution to the atomic model?

A

he suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances. His theoretical calculations agreed with experimental observations.

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15
Q

Who provided the evidence to show neutrons existed?

A

James Chadwick

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16
Q

What was James Chadwick’s contribution to the atomic model?

A

he provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus. This was about 20 years after the nucleus became an accepted scientific idea.

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17
Q

Why did the scattering experiment led to a change in the atomic model?

A

new evidence from the scattering experiment did not match predictions from the plum pudding model, so the model had to be changed

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18
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

1

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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20
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?

A

positive

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21
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

neutral

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22
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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23
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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24
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

Very small (close to 0)

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25
Q

Where in atoms are protons found?

A

nucleus

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26
Q

Where in atoms are neutrons found?

A

nucleus

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27
Q

Where in atoms are electrons found?

A

electron shells

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28
Q

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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29
Q

What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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30
Q

How can you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

A

It will be the same as the number of protons

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31
Q

How can you work out the number of protons in an atom?

A

It is the atomic number

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32
Q

How can you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

It is the mass number - atomic number

33
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of all the atoms of an element

34
Q

How is the electronic structure of an atom written?

A

as the numbers of electrons on each shell, separated by commas (e.g. 2, 8, 1)

35
Q

How many electrons does the first electron shell hold?

A

2

36
Q

How many electrons does the second electron shell hold?

A

8

37
Q

How many electrons does the third electron shell hold?

A

8

38
Q

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

A

By increasing atomic (proton) number

39
Q

What are the rows in a periodic table called?

A

periods

40
Q

What does the group number tell you about elements?

A

the number of electrons in the outer shell

40
Q

What are the columns in a periodic table called?

A

groups

41
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

they have similar properities

42
Q

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

A

they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (outer electrons)

43
Q

Who developed the modern periodic table?

A

Mendeleev

44
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?

A

For undiscovered elements

45
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?

A

in order of increasing atomic weight - however, he changed the order for some elements based on their properties

46
Q

Why was Mendeleev’s periodic table accepted?

A

Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements which were later discovered

47
Q

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

A

on the left hand side

48
Q

Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

A

on the right hand side

49
Q

What charge do metal ions have?

A

positive

50
Q

What charge do non metal ions have?

A

negative

50
Q

How do metals form ions?

A

They lose electrons to form positively charged ions

50
Q

How do non metals form ions?

A

They gain electrons to form negatively charged ions

50
Q

What is the name of the elements in group 0?

A

noble gases

51
Q

Why are group 0 elements unreactive?

A

their atoms have stable arrangements of atoms (full outer shells)

51
Q

How does the boiling point of group 0 elements change as you go down the group?

A

Boiling point increases

51
Q

What is the name of the metals in group 1?

A

alkali metals

51
Q

How many electrons do group 1 metals have in their outer shell?

A

one

52
Q

Why do group 1 metals have similar characteristic properties?

A

they all have one electron in their outer shell

53
Q

What is seen when lithium reacts with oxygen?

A

a crimson flame

54
Q

What is seen when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

a yellow flame

55
Q

What is seen when potassium reacts with oxygen?

A

lilac flame

55
Q

What is seen when lithium reacts with chlorine?

A

crimson flame

56
Q

What is seen when sodium reacts with chlorine?

A

yellow flame

57
Q

What is seen when potassium reacts with chlorine?

A

lilac flame

57
Q

What is seen when lithium reacts with water

A

the metal moves slowly on the surface of the water and fizzes

58
Q

What is seen when sodium reacts with water?

A

the metal melts into a ball, moves quickly on the surface of the water and fizzes vigorously

59
Q

What is seen when potassium reacts with water?

A

the metal melts into a ball, moves very quickly on the surface of the water and catches fire with a lilac flame

60
Q

How does the reactivity of group 1 metals change as you go down the group?

A

they get more reactive

61
Q

What is the name of the elements in group 7?

A

halogens

62
Q

How many electrons do group 7 elements have in their outer shell?

A

7

63
Q

Why do group 7 elements have similar characteristic properties?

A

they all have seven electrons in their outer shell

64
Q

How does the mass of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?

A

higher mass

65
Q

How does the reactivity of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?

A

less reactive

65
Q

How does the melting and boiling point of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?

A

melting and boiling points increase

66
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound

67
Q

how do you work out the number or protons

A

number of protons = atomic number

68
Q

how do you work out the number of electrons

A

number of electrons = atomic number

69
Q

how do you work out the number of neutrons

A

number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

chemistry (15 decks)

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