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chemistry > chemical changes (p1) > Flashcards

chemical changes (p1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen

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2
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen

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3
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of metals with oxygen

A

metal + oxygen → metal oxide

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4
Q

How do metals form ions?

A

They lose electrons to form positively charged ions

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5
Q

What charge do metal ions have?

A

Positive

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6
Q

Which non metals are often included in the reactivity series?

A

hydrogen and carbon

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7
Q

What is the order of the reactivity series?

A

potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold

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8
Q

What is an ore?

A

A compound in which a metal is naturally found

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9
Q

Why are metals like gold found naturally occuring in the Earth?

A

Gold is unreactive and so doesn’t react with other elements to form compounds

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10
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from compounds?

A

Reduction with carbon

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11
Q

Why can carbon be used to extract iron from iron oxide?

A

carbon is more reactive than iron

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12
Q

Which element is oxidised in the reaction:
copper oxide + carbon → carbon dioxide + copper

A

carbon

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13
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of acids with metals

A

Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

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14
Q

What state is hydrogen at room temperature?

A

gas

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15
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance with a pH of greater than 7. Examples include metal hydroxides and metal oxides

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16
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water to release hydroxide ions and form a solution with a pH of greater than 7

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17
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

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18
Q

What is the formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄

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19
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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20
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of an acid with an alkali

A

Acid + alkali → salt + water

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21
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of an acid with a base

A

Acid + base → salt + water

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22
Q

What pH do salts have?

A

7

23
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of a metal hydroxide with an acid

A

metal hydroxide + acid → salt + water

24
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of a metal oxide with an acid

A

metal oxide + acid → salt + water

25
Q

What type of salts does hydrochloric acid produce?

A

chlorides

26
Q

What type of salts does sulfuric acid produce?

A

sulfates

27
Q

What type of salts does nitric acid produce?

A

nitrates

28
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction of metal carbonates with acids

A

metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

29
Q

How can you tell that a gas is produced when metal carbonates react with acids?

A

bubbles can be seen

30
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

The mixture formed when a substance dissolves in water

31
Q

What ion do acids release when in aqueous solutions?

A

Hydrogen ions (H⁺)

32
Q

What colour do strong acids turn universal indicator?

A

red

33
Q

What colour do weak acids turn universal indiactor?

A

yellow

34
Q

What colour do neutral substances turn universal indiactor?

A

green

35
Q

What colour do weak alkalis turn universal indicator?

A

blue

36
Q

What colour do strong alkalis turn universal indicator?

A

purple

37
Q

What ions do alkalis release when in aqueous solutions?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH ⁻)

38
Q

What does the pH scale range from?

A

0-14

39
Q

What is the pH of a neutral substance?

A

7

40
Q

What pH do acids have?

A

0-6

41
Q

What pH do alkalis have?

A

8-14

42
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

A solid that dissolves

42
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and an alkali to produce salt and water

43
Q

Why can ionic compound conduct electricity when molten or aqueous?

A

The ions are free to move

44
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

An ionic compound that is aqueous or molten and so able to conduct electricity

45
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positvely charged ion

46
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion

47
Q

What charge is the cathode?

A

Negative

48
Q

What charge is the anode?

A

positive

49
Q

What ions move towards the cathode?

A

Positively charged ions (cations)

50
Q

What ions move towards the anode?

A

Negatively charged ions (anions)

51
Q

Why do positively charged ions move towards the cathode?

A

The cathode is negatively charged and opposite charges attract

52
Q

Why do negatively charged ions move towards the anode?

A

The anode is postively charged and opposite charges attract

chemistry (15 decks)

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