bonding structures and properties (p1) Flashcards
What are the three types of chemical bond?
Ionic, covalent and metallic
What bonding occurs in metals?
metallic
What bonding occurs in non-metals?
covalent
What bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal?
ionic
How do metals form ions?
lose electrons
How do non-metals form ions?
gain electrons
What charge do metal ions have?
positive
What charge do non-metal ions have?
negative
What charge do ionic compounds have?
neutral
What is an ionic bond?
Electrostatic forces of attraction between ions with opposite charges
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms
What is a metallic bond?
Electrostatic forces of attraction between postive metal ions and negative, delocalised electrons
In what type of bonding are electrons shared?
covalent
In what type of bonding are electrons transferred?
ionic
What charge are the ions of group 1 elements?
1+
What charge are the ions of group 2 elements?
2+
What charge are the ions of group 6 elements?
2-
What charge are the ions of group 7 elements?
1-
What structure do ionic compounds have?
giant ionic lattice
What substances contain covalent bonds?
Small molecules, giant covalent structures, polymers
What forces are found between molecules?
intermolecular forces
What side of the periodic table contains metals?
left
What side of the periodic table contains non metals?
right
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
1
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
2
If the temperature is below the melting point of a substance, what state will it be?
solid
If the temperature is between the melting and boiling point of a substance, what state will it be?
liquid
What does (s) mean?
solid state
What does aqueous mean?
dissolved in water
What does (aq) mean?
aqueous state
What does (l) mean?
liquid state
What does (g) mean?
gaseous state
If the temperature is above the boiling point of a substance, what state will it be?
gas
What state change happnes when a solid changes to a liquid?
melting
What state change happens when a liquid turns to a gas?
boiling or evaporating
What state change happens when a liquid turns to a solid?
freezing
What state change happens when a gas turns to a liquid?
condensing
What structure do ionic substances have?
giant ionic
What structure do metallic substances have?
giant metallic
What structures do covalent susbtances have?
Giant covalent or simple covalent
What do substances need to conduct electricity?
Charged particles that can move
Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?
ions are not free to move
Why can metals conduct electricity?
The delocalised electrons are free to move
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or aqueous?
ions are not free to move
Why can’t simple covalent substances conduct electricity?
have no charged particles
Which structures have substances with high boiling points?
Giant covalent, giant ionic and giant metallic
Which structures have substances with low boiling points?
simple covalent
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity
when molten or aqueous
Why do giant covalent compounds have high melting and boiling points?
The strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
Why do simple covalent substances have low melting and boiling points?
The weak intermolecular forces do not require much energy to break
What type of bond links the atoms in polymers?
covalent
What are alloys?
A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
Why are metals mixed with other elements to form alloys?
Metals are too soft for many uses
Why can metals conduct thermal energy?
energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons
What element is diamond made up of?
carbon
What element is graphite made up of?
carbon
What element is graphene made up of?
carbon
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
4
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
has electrons that are free to move
Why does graphene conduct electricity?
It has electrons that are free to move
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in graphite?
covalent bonds
What connects the layers in graphite?
weak forces
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in diamond?
covalent bonds
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in graphene?
covalent bonds
How are the carbon atoms arranged in graphite?
Hexagonal rings in layers
How are the carbon atoms arranged in graphene?
Hexagonal rings
Why does diamond have a high melting and boiling point?
The millions of strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point?
The millions of strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
What was the first fullerene to be discovered called?
Buckminsterfullerene
