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chemistry > atmosphere (p2) > Flashcards

atmosphere (p2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas

A

80%

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2
Q

what percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen gas

A

20%

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3
Q

what percentage of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, noble gases and water vapour

A

small amounts

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4
Q

describe the atmosphere of the early earth

how much CO2/O2?
how was nitrogen produced?

A

mainly carbon dioxide with little to no oxygen gas,
nitrogen was produced in volcanic eruptions and built up most of the atmosphere

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5
Q

how old is the earth

A

4.6 billion years old

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6
Q

how did the amount of C02 decrease?

A

dissolved in oceans,
formed compounds in oceans,
used by plants in photosynthesis,

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7
Q

why does carbon dioxide dissolve in oceans

A

it is very soluble

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8
Q

how did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase

A

algae photosynthesised , creating oxygen gas

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9
Q

3 greenhouse gases

A

carbon dioxide
methane
water vapour

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10
Q

human activities that release fossil fuels

A

deforestation
agriculture
burning fossil fuels
creating waste

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11
Q

how is carbon monoxide released into the atmosphere

A

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

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12
Q

harmful effects of carbon monoxide

A

leads to death
prevents red blood cells carrying oxygen

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13
Q

what are particulates

A

solid particles such as unburnt carbon

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14
Q

why are particulates harmful

A

cause respiratory problems
cause global dimming

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15
Q

global dimming

A

the reduction in radiation from reaching the earths surface from the sun

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16
Q

how are particulates released into the atmosphere

A

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

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17
Q

what is soot

A

unburnt carbon

18
Q

why is carbon monoxide not easily detected?

A

it is colourless and odorless

19
Q

How has the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

A

increased

20
Q

How has the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

A

decreased

21
Q

How has the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

A

decreased

22
Q

how were oceans formed

A

Water vapour condensed as the Earth cooled and fell as rain
The rain collected to form oceans

23
Q

How has the global temperature changed in recent decades?

A

increased

24
Q

How has the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere changed?

A

increased

25
Q

Describe how deforestation leads to the greenhouse effect

A
  • Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis
  • Fewer trees means less carbon dioxide can be removed
  • Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
26
Q

Describe how burning fossil fuels leads to the greenhouse effect

A
  • Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
27
Q

Describe how agriculture leads to the greenhouse effect

A
  • Farm animals release methane
  • Methane is a greenhouse gas”
28
Q

Describe how creating waste leads to the greenhouse effect

A
  • Carbon dioxide and methane are released at landfill sites when waste decomposes
  • Both are greenhouse gases
29
Q

what is climate change

A

The long term change in weather patterns

30
Q

Why is the evidence linking global warming to climate change reliable?

A

it is peer reviewed

31
Q

four effects of climate change

A

Rising sea levels
More extreme weather conditions (storms and droughts)
Changes in the distribution of wildlife
Changes in rainfall patterns and temperatures

32
Q

what is carbon footprint

A

The amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the life cycle of something

33
Q

How can the carbon footprint be reduced?

A

Reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and methane

34
Q

How could emissions of carbon dioxide and methane be reduced?

A
  • Use renewable energy resources instead of fossil fuels
  • Recycle more to avoid waste being sent to landfill
  • Reduce waste
35
Q

How is carbon monoxide released into the atmosphere?

A

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

36
Q

How are particulates released into the atmosphere?

A

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

37
Q

How is sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere?

A

Combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur impurities

38
Q

What harmful effects does sulfur dioxide cause?

A

acid rain
respiratory problems

39
Q

How are oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere?

A

The reaction between oxygen and nitrogen caused by the heat of car engines

40
Q

What harmful effects do oxides of nitrogen cause?

A

Acid rain
Respiratory problems

41
Q
A

chemistry (15 decks)

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