using genome projects Flashcards
1
Q
what is the genome
A
the complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
2
Q
what is genome sequencing
A
identifying the DNA base sequence of an individual
this allows us to determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptides coded for by that DNA
3
Q
what is the proteome
A
the complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell
4
Q
can we directly translate the genome into the proteome?
A
- in simple organisms (prokaryotes) yes
- in complex organisms (eukaryotes), due to the presence of non-coding DNA (introns) and regulatory genes it is harder to obtain the proteome
5
Q
give an application of sequencing the proteome in simple organisms (prokaryotes)
A
identifying potential antigens for use in vaccine production
6
Q
give some applications of genome sequencing
A
- comparing genomes between species to determine evolutionary relationships
- genetic matching
- personalised medicine
- synthetic biology
7
Q
how have sequencing methods changed over time
A
- used to be labour-intensive, expensive and could only be done on a small scale
- now the techniques are automated cost-effective and can be done on a large scale
