Using Direct Instruction: Teaching Preposition Use to Students With Intellectual Disability

Question 1

students with intellectual disabilities acquisition of language

Answer 1

happens at a much slower rate than that of typically developing peers
-this makes communication with those around then difficult

Question 2

locative prepositions

Answer 2

pares of speech that communicate a positional relationship between an object and a reference point

Question 3

comprehension of prepositions is a vital component of understanding

Answer 3

spoken language

Question 4

TD students demonstrated the correct use of simple locative prepositions at age

Answer 4

18-31 months

Question 5

TD students demonstrated the correct use of complex locative prepositions at age

Answer 5

29-57 months

Question 6

TD were able to contrast similar prepositions at

Answer 6

24 months

Question 7

Students with ID need what in order to acquire the same skills

Answer 7

explicit instruction

Question 8

DI is

Answer 8

(Direct instruction)

explicit, systematic instruction that is carefully sequenced to maximize teacher efficient and effectiveness

Question 9

Research questions examined

Answer 9

1. what are the effects of the DI instructional procedure on participants’ correct expressive use of and receive responses to prepositions during daily probes?
2. what are the effects of DI on participants’ correct expressive use of and receptive responses to prepositions during generalization?
3. to what extent did students maintain prepositions learned over time?

Question 10

students that participated in the study were selected on the basis of similar criteria

Answer 10

Moderate ID (IQ 40-55)
be able to repeat a two word phrase that could one clearly identified by the primary experimenter
identify a range of common pounds in their environment
haver difficulty using and responding to bands that contained one locative prepositions

Question 11

novel props and objects were used to

Answer 11

determine the participants’ ability to generalize

Question 12

Students received instruction on one precision at a time uneil

Answer 12

the primary experimenter observed a change in trend in the graphed data. At that time, a second preposition was introduced to instruction

Question 13

by scoring 100% on two of three consecutive probes, instruction on the preposition

Answer 13

ceased

Question 14

what prepositions did they work with

Answer 14

above, beneath, and behind

Question 15

the three steps of intervention

Answer 15

modeling non examples and examples
testing with novel items
responding to prepositions

Question 16

modeling non examples and examples

Answer 16

conver a wide range of possibilities for each condition

Question 17

mastery

Answer 17

defined as tow of three consecutive probes at 100% for the prepositions on which students were receiving instruction

Question 18

social validity

Answer 18

questionnaire sent to parents, caregivers, teachers, and paraprofessionals to assess their perceptions of the student’s ability to use and respond to prepositionso

Question 19

results of the social validity survey indicated that

Answer 19

educators and parents believed that students use of prepositions was socially important and would lead to increased access items within and outside of the classroom

Question 20

did the students maintain their skills

Answer 20

all three did for 8 weeks (may be the result of multiple exemplar training)

Question 21

observational learning

Answer 21

a student’s ability to learn new behaviors through the observation of those behaviors as they are being taught within a group

Question 22

presumably, students could be taught to use and respond to prepositions

Answer 22

at an earlier age that these participants (8,9, 11)

Question 23

is this method efficient

Answer 23

yes, takes about 12 minutes to learn one preposition