Unit 2 Flashcards
Intellectual disability IQ requirement
IQ below 70
language ability should be equivalent to
mental age
those with intellectual disability go through the same
language acquisition and in TD children, only slower
any language irregularities are due to
environmental experiences
Mental Retardation
the less politically correct term for intellectual disability
AAMR
American Association on Mental Retardation
(an old organization)
now called American Association on Intellectual and Developmental disabilities
Intellectual disabilities
problems in:
intellectual funcitoning (IQ)
adaptive behavior
***no just raised on IQ
occurs in developmental period up to 18 years of age
heterogeneous population- language characteristics will vary
adaptive behavior
particular tasks and behavior you would expect developmentally
-being able to care for yourself
Vineland Adaptive behavior Scales II
measures adaptive behavior, norm-referenced instruments
receptive and expressive language, written communication, daily living skills, domestic, personal and community living skills, socialization, play, leisure, coping skills, fine and gross motor skills, maladaptive behaviors
information gained from parent or caregiver interaction.
birth to 90 years
developmental disability
describes mental or physical disabilities that occur before 22 years of age
terms used by federal government
standford binet intelligence scale 5th edition
IQ test
welcher intelligente teste for children
school age kids IQ tests
Haley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
Measures IQ in infants and young children
Leiter international performance scale
nonspeaking or nonverbal individuals
table 6.1 on page 232 in book
labels that we use for ID
Mild intellectual disabilities (educable)
50/55-70 IQ
89% of those with intellectual disabilities (the most common form of ID)
Moderate intellectual disability (trainable)
35/40-50/55 IQ
7% of the population with ID
Severe Intellectual disability (custodial)
20/25-35/40 IQ
3%of the population with ID
Profound (Life-support)
below 20/25
1% of the population with ID
intermittent support
short term supports such as during an acute medical crisis
short term, but effects life
Kristin’s surgery
limited support
regular but brief support
an employ needing assistance to remediated a job- related skill deficit
extensive support
ongoing and regular assistance such as ongoing home living support
pervasive support
life sustaining support
skilled medical care
help taking medication
cause of ID: organic
something you can actually see in the central nervous system i.e. genetic, chromosomal cause *** a known cause IQ below 50 found across SES accompanied by health problems physical abnormalities (i.e. cleft lip/ palate) die earlier than general population dependent on care of others less likely to marry atypical patterns of development.
Cause of ID: familial
IQ rarely below 50
more predominant in low SES
relate to IQ of siblings/parents
normal health
normal appearance
mortality rate similar to GP
with minimal support, lead independent lives
likely to marry and have low IQ children
more likely to experience neglect in homes
*** these individuals have slower rate of grow but typical language acquisition patterns
table 6.3 pg 235 and 6.5 pg 242
the different syndromes associated with ID
mental capacity
the measure of intelligence: reasoning planning solving problems abstract thinking comprehending the ability to learn learning from experiences
significant ID
significant speech language and communication problems
improvement, prognosis, and learning of speech and language with ID clients
slow and inconsistent
can do a worksheet one day, but then not understand it on day two
SLPs purpose with ID
increase a person’s participation in the environment
increasing a person’s quality of life (going to church, getting a job, having friends, etc.)
developing a sense of community
augmentative/alternative communication
helping a person become more involved in the participation of their environment
language characteristics of ID
pragmatic problems
poor presuppositional capabilities (see other’s perspective, modifying conversation)– related to theory of mind
telegraphic speech (2-3 word phrasal repetition)
limited repair strategies
frequent communication breakdowns
passive communicators
-easier answering questions than initiating
poor peer interactions
poor conv. turn-taking
language characteristics of ID- semantic problems
nouns and vocabulary words are easier abstract adjectives and verbs are worse understand talking about the now rather than yesterday or tomorrow clauses take idioms literally only include key content words (telegraphic speech) word order using morpheme longer utterances
language characteristics of ID- phonology
over 70% of ID will have problems with speech sound productions related to phonological problems
down syndrome stats
1 in 733 live births there can be a diagnosis of downs
results from extra genetic material on chromosome 21
some literature argues that women over 35 have a higher risk of having a child with downs, but this is highly debated
4:1-5:1 male female comparison
15% meet the criteria of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
multiple diagnoses in 1 individual
down syndrome ID problems
lack of communication abilities- theory of the mind
mild to moderate cognitive deficits
down syndrome physical appearance
short in stature small nose and chin chronic protraction of tongue large young small oral cavity excessive skin on the back of the neck small ears- possible absence of ear lobs hypotonic muscle tone (flaccid) obesity
down syndrome medical issues
chronic hearing issues- conductive, sensorineural, or mixed (middle ear problems)
-unilateral or bilateral; mild to profound
mouth breathing
sleep apnea
thyroid disease
vision disorders
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia increase
happy and willing, enjoy engagement and participation
meaningful relationships- will often get married
down syndrome language components
unintelligible- phonological in nature
receptive language is stronger than expressive language
combination of phonetic (articulators) and phonemic (knowing the parts of words) issues
dysarthria- may have difficulty with rate, range, and motion of articulators
may have childhood apraxia of speech- problems sequencing of sounds (the sequencing of saying sounds)
initiation, elaboration, and linguistic aspects of narratives
short and less com[ed sentence structure
slow and delayed vocabulary acquisition
between 3-6 there is a regression of syntactic development
between 3-6 years of age
expressive language decreases
down syndrome is also referred to as
Trisomy 21
young children with down syndrome
will be unintelligible
AAC can be introduced as early as 18 months of age
greater severity of DS=
more severe speech ad language deficits
common characteristics from 6.5 table
receptive typically better than expressive language, difficulty with morphology + syntax
phonology awareness+auditory verbal memory deficits, difficulty with abstract language, limited vocab, reduced use of grammatical morphemes
chronic otitis media
65-80% have some type of hearing loss
conductive hearing loss 21-58%
sensorineural/mixed hearing loss 4-40%
William’s syndrome physical features
small up-turned nose long philtrum wide- mouth with full lips puffiness around the eyes blue or green eye-color white starburst pattern of the iris of eyes small widely spaced teeth shortening of jaw WS presented at birth large amigdlia in the brain
what causes william’s syndrome?
some genetic material present on chromosome 7
can be confirmed by blood test- 96% diagnosed with some degree of intellectual disability
William’s syndrome personality
hyper-social
“cocktail” speech- superficial conversation
prevalence of William’s syndrome
1 in 20,000 births males and females equally affected
Developmental problems
feeding problems- due to low muscle tone severe gag reflex when food enters oral cavity tactile defensiveness (pull back when you bring spoon to them) poor sucking ability talking, walking, and toiling delays excessive worrying difficulty modulating emotions aversion to loud noises difficulty with visuo-spacial tasks cardiovascular difficulties
strengths of William’s syndrome
long term memory auditory memory speech is articulate/ intelligible less chance of high blood pressure good syntax
language problems for William’s Syndrome
receptive language skills cannot support expressive language- sometimes they may not understand what they are saying incessant chatter with syntactically complex sentences long words with sophisticated vocabulary stereotype phrases word finding difficulties some with hoarse vocal quality excessive echolalia meaning of words compromised circo locution
FISH test
used to identify William’s syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders) prevalence
CDC- estimates over 2 million people in the US have some form of FAS
1 for every 1000 to 1 in 2,400
many times the features go unnoticed until they are school aged
what causes FAS symptoms
low brain development
FAS physical problems
retardation of physical growth could have cranial-facial abnormalities -velopharyngeal insufficient (VPI) chronic otitis media sensorineural hearing losses underdeveloped jaw small teeth, malocclusion problems with vision, heart, kidney, and bone -global developmental issues hearing loss attributed to alcohol impairing the developing brain sane of infant
FAS mental developmental problems
Executive funcitoning
memory
FAS Personality components
could be seen as noncomplient
FAS language difficluties
deficits in vocabulary and pragmatics
reduced MLU
poor conversational and narrative skills
FAS language difficulties
deficits in vocabulary and pragmatics
reduced MLU
poor conversational and narrative skills
language problems attributed got lack of theory of mind
problems with mental state verbs (i.e. think)
articulation problems- due to craniofacial abnormalities + phonological disorders/ problems with sound acquisition
apraxia
angleman syndrome
severe cognitive-intellectual impairments with seizures
non-progressive genetic neurological disorder
angleman syndrome causes
at least 50% is due to a piece of chromosome 15 missing
- attributed to mother’s chromosome
this results in brain development and lacking in motor movement and language
angleman syndrome prevalence
1 in 10,000 to 1 in 25,000
angleman physical attributes
spaced teeth jaw protrusion deep-set eyes fair complexion stiff-legged gate jerky movements of extremities -hand flapping normal hearing -some otitis media will hold objects in mouth poor joint attention -eye contact
angleman speech and language
speech and langauge do not develop
-non speaking
(AAC suitable)
communication through gestures
angleman diagnosis
unrecognized at birth
diagnosed through FISH test