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Chemistry: 1 > Using Crude Oil as a Fuel > Flashcards

Using Crude Oil as a Fuel Flashcards

1
Q

Why do crude oil fractions make good fuels?

A

Because most of them burn cleanly

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2
Q

Name 3 uses of crude oil fractions

A
  1. Modern transport e.g. cars, trains, boats, planes
  2. Central heating systems in homes
  3. Power stations to generate electricity
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3
Q

What is there as a result of the usefulness of crude oil?

A

A massive industry with scientists working to find oil reserves, taking the oil out of the ground, and turn it into useful products

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4
Q

As well as fuels, what does crude oil provide?

A

The raw materials for making various chemicals

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5
Q

Name one of the chemicals crude oil provides the raw materials for

A

Plastic (s)

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6
Q

Often, ____ to using crude oil fractions as fuel are possible

A

Often, alternatives to using crude oil fractions as fuel are possible

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7
Q

Give 4 examples of alternatives to using crude oil fractions as fuels

A
  1. Electricity can be generated by nuclear** or **wind power
  2. There are ethanol-powered cars
  3. Solar energy can be used to heat water
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8
Q

Name to advantages of using crude oil fractions as fuels over alternatives

A
  1. Things tend to be set up for using oil fractions
  2. Crude oil fraction are often more reliable
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9
Q

Give an example of things being set up for using crude oil fractions

A

Cars are designed to use petrol or diesel, and they’re both readily available

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10
Q

Explain how things are set up to make using petrol or diesel in cars easy

A

There are filling stations up and down the country, with storage facilities and pumps specifically designed for these crude oil fractions

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11
Q

As a result of things being set up to use crude oil fractions, what are they often?

(2)

A

The easiest and cheapest thing to use

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12
Q

Give an example of alternatives to crude oil being less reliable

A

Solar and wind power won’t work without the right weather conditions

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13
Q

What is the problem with using nuclear power as an alternative to crude oil?

A

There are lots of concerns about its safety and the storage of radioactive waste

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14
Q

What kind of a fuel is crude oil?

A

Non-renewable

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15
Q

What is a ‘non-renewable fuel’?

A

A fuel that is being used up faster than it can be replaced

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16
Q

No one knows exactly when oil reserves will run out, but there have been many ____ ____ by scientists e.g. the year ____

A

No one knows exactly when oil reserves will run out, but there have been many different predictions by scientists e.g. the year 2000

17
Q

When did scientists believe crude oil would run out by the year 2000?

A

About 40 years ago

18
Q

How are we not running out of crude oil as quickly as you might expect?

(2)

A
  1. New oil reserves are discovered from time to time
  2. Technology is constantly improving
19
Q

How is the constant improvement of technology increasing the time before we run out of crude oil?

A

New technology means that it’s now possible to extract oil that was too difficult or expensive to extract before

20
Q

What is the worst-case scenario for running out of crude oil?

A

25 years in the future

21
Q

Because of the imminence of running out of crude oil, what do some people believe we should do?

A

Immediately stop using oil for things like transport, for which there are alternatives, and keep it for things that oil is essential for, like some chemicals and medicines

22
Q

What are 2 problems with not using oil for unessential things immediately

A
  1. It will take time to develop alternative fuels that will satisfy our energy needs
  2. It will take time to adapt things so that the fuels can be used on a wider scale
23
Q

Give 2 examples of how we would have to adapt to use alternative fuels

A
  1. Special kinds of car engine
  2. Special storage containers
24
Q

What is a group of alternative power sources to crude oil?

A

Renewable sources

25
Q

What is a ‘renewable source’

A

A source that can be replaced as quickly as it is used

26
Q

Give 3 examples of renewable energy sources

A
  1. Solar power
  2. Wind power
  3. Tidal power
27
Q

So however long oil does last for, it’s a good idea to start ____ it and ____ ____ now.

A

So however long oil does last for, it’s a good idea to start conserving it and finding alternatives now.

28
Q

Name 3 environmental problems with crude oil

A
  1. Oil spills harm wildlife

Combustion causes:

  1. Global warming
  2. Global dimming
  3. Acid rain
29
Q

When can oil spills happen?

A

When oil is being transported by tanker

30
Q

How are oil spills disastrous for the local environment?

A
  1. Birds get covered in it and poisoned when they try to clean themselves
  2. Other creatures - like whales and otters - are poisoned too
31
Q

Why do we combust oil?

A

To release the energy from it

32
Q

Crude oil is…

A

… REALLY important to our lives

Chemistry: 1 (25 decks)

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