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chemistry: 1 > Environmental Problems > Flashcards

Environmental Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is 90% of crude oil used as?

A

A fuel

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2
Q

How is crude oil used as a fuel?

A

It is burnt to release the energy stored inside it

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3
Q

What are the 2 most prevalent things to burn crude oil as a fuel? What for?

A
  1. Power stations - electricity
  2. Cars - power engines
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4
Q

What other substance can be burned as a fuel?

A

Pure hydrogen

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5
Q

What is an advantage of using pure hydrogen as a fuel instead of crude oil?

A

Water vapour is the only substance produced from burning hydrogen

Crude oil produces other problematic substances

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6
Q

What do most fuels (e.g. iol and coil) contain? (2)

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Hydrogen
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7
Q

What happens when oil or coal combust?

A

The carbon and hydrogen oxidise to form carbon dioxide and water vapour

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8
Q

Equation for the oxidisation of hydrogen and carbon in combustion of fossil fuels

A

hydrogen + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water vapour (+ heat energy)

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9
Q

What 3 things are produced when fossil fuels combust?

A

Heat energy

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10
Q

What happens to the carbon dioxide and water vapour produced during the oxidisation of hydrogen and carbon?

A

They are released into the atmosphere

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11
Q

If a fuel has sulfur impurities, what else will be produced when it combusts?

A

Sulfur dioxide

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12
Q

What else will be formed if a fuel combusts at a high temperature?

A

Oxides of nitrogen

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What happens when there’s plenty of oxygen when a fuel burns - what is this called?

A

ALL the fuel burns

Complete combustion

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15
Q

What happens if there’s not enough oxygen during the combustion of fossil fuels?

What is this called?

A

NOT all the fuel burns

Partial combustion

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16
Q

During partial combustion, what is produced? (3)

A

​1. Particulates of soot (carbon)

  1. Unburnt fuel
  2. Carbon monoxide
17
Q

What is one of the gases that cause acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide

18
Q

When sulfur dioxide mixes with ____ it forms ____ ____ ____ .

This then falls as ____ ____ .

A

When sulfur dioxide mixes with clouds it forms dilute sulfuric acid.

This then falls as acid rain.

19
Q

What is the other substance that can be produced from burning fossil fuels, and causes acid rain?

A

Oxides of nitrogen

20
Q

What are the 4 negative impacts of acid rain?

A
  1. Changes acidity in lakes - kills many plants and animals
  2. Kills trees
  3. Damages limestone buildings and stone statues
  4. Possible links between acid rain and human health problems
21
Q

The benefits of ____ and ____ have to be balanced against the ____ ____ .

A

The benefits of electricty and travel have to be balanced against the environmental impacts.

22
Q

What have governments done in recognition of the importance of balancing the positives and negatives of using fossil fuels?

A

Made international agreements to reduce emissions of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide

23
Q

How can we reduce acid rain?

A

By reducing suflur emissions

24
Q

How can we reduce sulfur emissions?

What is a disadvantage of this?

A

By removing sulfur impurities from fuel before it is burned

BUT

this costs more to do

25
Q

What are 2 disadnavtages of removing sulfur impurities from fuel before it is burned?

A
  1. It costs more
  2. It takes more energy
26
Q

Why does it take more energy to remove sulfur impurities from fuel before it is burned?

Why is this another disadvantage?

A

More fuel is burned to remove it

So more of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is released

27
Q

What are starting to be replaced to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, and with what?

A

petrol and diesel

with low-sulfur versions

28
Q

What do power stations now have?

Why?

A

Acid Gas Scrubbers

To take out the harmful gases before they release their fumes into the atmosphere

29
Q

What are the 3 ways of reducing acid rain?

A
  1. Removing sulfur impurities from fuel before it is burned
  2. Removing the harmful gaases from fumes before they are released into the atmosphere
  3. Reducing our use of fossil fuels

chemistry: 1 (25 decks)

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