Uself midterm reviewer Flashcards
» came from the words “philo” which means love
and “sophia” which means wisdom
PHILOSOPHY
“Take care of your body as if you were
going to live forever, take care of your
soul as if you were going to die
tomorrow.”
» focuses on the goodness, divine, and GOD.
ST. AUGUSTINE
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
» focuses more on the self.
» The first philosopher to engage in a systematic
questioning about the self
» He believes that our body or individual’s reality is
divided by two parts.
» For Socrates, every man is composed of body
and
soul.
» DUALISM
SOCRATES
“I think, therefore I am.”
» Father of Modern Philosophy
» There is so much we should doubt.
RENE DESCARTES
» cognition or thinking
COGITO
» extension of the mind and body
EXTENZA
» consists of the world that we are living in.
» the world that changes and temporary.
PHYSICAL REALM
“There is no self.”
» The most controversial.
» Self doesn’t exist and self is just a combination
of perceptions.
DAVID HUME
» concepts about the universe, truth, goodness
and
beauty.
» things that does not undergo changes and are
ever-lasting.
IDEAL REALM
» the basic object of our experience or sensation.
IMPRESSIONS
» copies of impressions
IDEAS
» the ability to consciously reflect on one’s own
thoughts.
INTROSPECTION
“All our knowledge begins with the senses,
proceeds then to the understanding, and ends
with reason. There is nothing higher than
reason.”
» mind and reason.
APPARATUS OF THE MIND
» which consists of ideas that cannot be found in
the world but is only built in our minds (e.g. time
and space).
IMMANUEL KANT
“The soul is synonymous with the self.”
» He supported Socrates’ idea that a man is a dual
nature of body and soul.
» self is temporary and soul is eternal
THE TRIPARTITE SOUL
» Rational- forged by reason and intellect.
» Spirited- in charge of emotions.
» Appetitive- our desire that we need enable to
live
PLATO
“I act, therefore I am.”
» focuses on our behavior.
» Our behavior is what makes us a person.
GILBERT RYLE
“The mind and the body are so intertwined that
they cannot be separated from one another.”
» We cannot separate mind and body.
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
» a human child who has lived isolated from
human contact from a young age with little no
experience of human care, behavior, or human
language. They are typically portrayed at being
raised by animals.
» Feral children challenged the long standing
notion of humans being special.
FERRAL CHILD or WILD CHILD
» a French sociologist, believes that the self has
two faces; the personne and moi.
MARCEL MAUSS
» person’s sense of who he is, his body, basic
identity, biological givenness.
MOI
» is a social concept of what it means to be who
he is. What it means to live in a particular
institution, family, religion, nationality, or how to
behave in given expectations/influences.
THE SELF AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
SOCIAL WORLD
PERSONNE
» A noted Feral Child who was sold to a
goatherder to become a serf
» He later became the subject of the film
Entrelobos or Among Wolves movie.
MARCOS RODRIGUEZ PANTOJA
» distinct from any other selves
» always unique and has its own identity.
SEPARATE
» a philosopher, psychologist and sociologist,
supports the view that a person develops a
sense of self through social interaction.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
» allows it to be studied, described, and
measured.
CONSISTENCY
» The or the social self, is what is learned in
interaction with others and with the environment
other people’s attitudes, once internalized in the
self, all form the Me.
» The “Me” disciplines the “I” by holding it back
from breaking the law of the community.
“ME”
» self-sorts out information, feelings, emotions,
and thought processes within the self.
THE SELF IS PRIVATE
» Is the response to the “me” and to the attitude of
others. This means that the “I” is when the
individual identity and one’s unique trait is
stepping in on our personal responses to what
society thinks.
“I”
» the clash of self and external reality is the reason
for the self to have a clear understanding on what
it might be, what it can be, what it will be.
SELF IS ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL WORLD
» center of all experiences and thoughts that run
through a certain person.
» Basically the command center or an individual
where all processes, emotions, and thoughts
converge.
SELF IS UNITARY
» Imitation stage
» Children imitate those around them.
» Self is not yet developed.
PREPARATORY STAGE (0-3)
» Children are said to believe to learn selfdevelopment and interaction through pretend
play in this stage.
» Focuses on role taking based on their perceived
point of view.
» Self is developing.
» Begin to understand the perspective of others.
PLAY STAGE (3-6)
» At this stage, children become concerned about
and take into account in their behavior the
generalized others or how they are viewed.
» Generalized others refer to the viewpoint of
the social group.
» Significant others refer to the people who
have important relationships with the individual
(family, parents, peers)
GAME STAGE (6-9)
» A Russian psychologist
» Argues that social interaction comes before
development.
» Consciousness and Cognition are the end
processes of socialization and social behavior.
» Community plays a center role in the process of
making meaning.
LEV VYGOTSKY
» Social learning takes place because in this
stage, they INTERACT, connect and reach out to
other people.
INTERPSYCHOLOGICAL
» After acquiring social learnings, the functions will
appear a second time and, this time, more
developed and thus, leading to cognitive
development(self-reflection).
INTRAPSYCHOLOGICAL
ELEMENTARY MENTAL FUNCTIONS
Sensation
Hunger
Memory
» hot, cold, sweet, or bitter are delivered
automatically to the brain by the
senses.
SENSATION
» bodily processes. An infant doesn’t need to be
told that he is hungry since hunger will manifest
the fact.
HUNGER
» Young children commit things to memory in a
natural manner.
MEMORY
» Anyone who has a better understanding
considerably higher or superior level of ability,
skill or knowledge about a particular subject,
task or process, than the person who is
attempting to learn.
THE MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)
» where the child will be given a lot of
encouragement but just the right amount of
guidance to allow the child to DEVELOP his skills.
THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
» scientific study of human concerned with human
behavior, human biology and societies in both
present and past including past human species.
ANTHROPOLOGY
» a person who studies human history
ARCHEOLOGISTS/ARCHAEOLOGISTS
» Our genetics determine our behavior. Our
personality traits and abilities are in our nature.
» genetic inheritance which sets the individual’s
potentials
NATURE
» Our environment, upbringing, and life
experiences determine our behavior. We are
natured to behave in certain ways.
» Variables of the environment: things you get
from the world around you after you are born.
NURTURE.
» suggests that each person is defined as a
replica of all humanity but capable of acting
independently from others.
» self-centered, autonomous, distinct,
independent, adaptive, lacks ability to
emphasize.
» Americans or the Western Culture
EGOCENTRIC
» The self is viewed as dependent on the
situation or social setting.
» Oriented
» Filipinos or the Eastern Culture
SOCIOCENTRIC
» refers to the “features of a person’s identity
that he or she chooses to emphasize in
constructing a social self.”
» similarities and differences in characteristics
among individuals, people construct their social
identities.
IDENTITY TOOLBOX
» Ethnic group membership.
SOCIAL CODE
» may be attained by kinship, family membership,
gender, age, language, religion, ethnicity,
personal appearance, and socioeconomic
status. Some characteristics such as kinship,
gender, and age are almost universally used to
differentiate people.
SELF IDENTIFICATION
» the most SIGNIFICANT FEATURE to determine
the person’s social identity.
FAMILY MEMBERSHIP
» important identity determinant that is often
viewed as essential for the maintenance of a
group identity
LANGUAGE
» an important marker of group identity.
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS
» an important device to individualize a person
and to have an identity.
NAME
» in this culture, the children must obtain at least 2
years old and ready to speak their language
before a special ritual to be performed.
AYMARA INDIANS
» adds suffixes to the names
» SEN (male), DOTTIR (female)
ICELANDERS
» Children inherit their Mother’s Family Name.
MINANGKABAU CULTURE
» Children are named after their deceased
relatives
ARCTIC CANADA
» A common practice of Catholic parents is to
name their children after saints, biblical names.
PHILIPPINES
» people detach from their former identity to
another
SEPARATION PHASE
» a person transitions from one identity to
another.
LIMINALITY PHASE
» the change in one’s status is officially
incorporated
INCORPORATION PHASE
» A parameter used to measure and identify a
certain group of people
CENSUS
