Useful nouns part 2 Flashcards by Smart Law Academy

A country’s body of judges

JUDICIARY

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A senior official in a court of law

JUDGE

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System of laws in England –

COMMON LAW

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System of laws which evolved in the 8th century

ROMAN LAW

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The branch of law dealing with a crime

CRIMINAL LAW

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A person who institutes a criminal case

PROSECUTOR

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A person who makes a claim in a civil case

PLAINTIFF

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The defendant pays this to the plaintiff

DAMAGES

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A panel of 12 people who decide whether the accused committed a crime

JURY

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A lawyer who presents a case to a higher court

BARRISTER

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A lawyer who advises clients

SOLICITOR

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An untrained lawyer who presides over the lowest criminal court

MAGISTRATE

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The person against whom a civil case is brought

DEFENDANT

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An act passed by a law-making body

LEGISLATION

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The control resulting from following a community system of rules

AUTHORITY

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Apprenticeship served by trainee practicing barrister -

PUPPILAGE

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Becoming an assistant to a practicing barrister

TENANCY

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The court which hears appeals from the court of appeal

HOUSE OF LORDS

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an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct.

BREACH

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When a person makes unlawful threats or otherwise engages in coercive behavior that cause another person to commit acts that the other person would otherwise not commit. contracts.

DURESS

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This agreement is used where one party is providing services and an independent advisor to a company

CONSULTANCY AGREEMENT

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This agreement is used where one party buys goods from the manufacturer and re-sells them on his own account. He will however be given the right to use the manufactures intellectual property rights

DISTRIBUTION

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This agreement is used where one party grants another the right to run a business in the name of the first party.

FRANCHISE AGREEMENT

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This agreement is used to ensure the repayment of money borrowed usually in monthly installments

LOAN AGREEMENT

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This agreement should be used where one party owns intellectual property rights in respect of a product it has developed and wishes to license the manufacture of the product to a third party.

MANUFACTURING LICENSE AGREEMENT

This agreement sets out the terms and conditions on which a business supplies goods

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AGREEMENT

This contract comes into existence as soon as a job offer is accepted whether that offer is oral or in writing

CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT

This is the equivalent of a contract of employment for directors

DIRECTORS AND SERVICE AGREEMENT

this is intended to govern the relationship between several shareholders in a company. This agreement works as a second layer of protection preventing the company from being run in a manner other than what has been agreed

SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENT

the first day of working

Date of commencement

Starting salary

Commencing Salary

the number of days of paid holiday in a year that a worker is entitled to take

Holiday entitlement

notification to allow preparations to be made

Notice

a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly

Grievance

A contract for a job position for an unknown period

OPEN ENDED CONTRACT

A contract for a job position for a known period

FIXED TERM CONTRACT

Someone who works in a factory or a manual job

BLUE COLLAR WORKER

the total of all people who work in the company

MANPOWER

The level of a job within the structure of a company’s workforce

GRADE

A system of working where one group of workers starts work as soon as the other group finishes

SHIFT

Someone who is below you in the organization

SUBORDINATE

Someone in charge of several other workers

SUPERVISOR

one of the higher courts of law which hears cases sent up for review

Court of Criminal Appeal

disorderly behavior, disrespect

Criminal Contempt

where an individual fails to exercise a duty of care and the resulting action leads to the commission of a crime

Criminal negligence

a court with jurisdiction to hear felonies and misdemeanors

Criminal Court

study of the mental processes and behavior of persons who commit crimes

Criminal forfeiture

a person who repeatedly commits offences

Habitual Criminal

responsibility for committing a crime (minors and the insane are excluded)

Criminal Liability

any act or comission that violated the law and is punishable by the state, it includes felonies (like murder or rape) and misdemeanors (like speeding, petty theft)

Crime

the actual use of illegal force on another person

Battery

a document that promises to pay money if a particular future event happens, or a sum of money that is put up and will be lost if that event happens

Bond

A release from prison before a sentence is finished

Parole

the sentencing of a criminal to a period during which they will be deprived of their freedom

Imprisonment

A kind of punishment given out as part of a sentence, which means that instead of jailing a person convicted, a judge will order that the person reports to an officer regularly and according to a set schedule

Probation

An act by which the court requires a bond or bail money

Binding over

A sentence that the judge allows the convicted person to avoid serving (if the person continues on good behavior, completes community service

Suspended sentence

A bond required by a judge of a person likely to breach the peace, to guarantee the person’s good behavior for a period of time

Peace bond

An exact prison term that is set by law, rather than one that may be shortened for good behavior

Determinate sentence

A place for long term incarceration for a crime

Prison

A person specifically apointed by a testator to administer the will ensuring that final wishes are respected

Executor

a person entitled to receive under the terms of a will

Heir/Heiress

A natural or legal person to whim property is commited to be adminstered for the benefit of a beneficiary

Trustee

a person or entity named or otherwise entitled to receive the principal or income or both from a trust

Benefeciary

an individual or entity having control or authority over another

Master

a person who servs others

Servant

an individual who by legal appointment or by the effect of a written law is given custody of both the property and the person of one who unable to manage his own affairs, such as a child or mentally-disabled person

Guardian

a person who by reason of incapacity is under the control of another

Ward

an officer appointed by the shareholders to represent their intersts

Corporate director

an owner of corporate stock

Stockholder