Useful Chunks Flashcards
to broaden
make wider
(to expand) one’s experience
eg This is a great way to broaden overall experience and knowledge.
eg The center will broaden educational experiences to maximize learning opportunities.
بحث پیرامون ….. هم به موقع است و هم با اهمیت.
The debate about ….. is both timely and crucial.
= بحث پیرامون ….. هم به موقع است و هم با اهمیت.
e. g. The debates about the viability and desirability of all-electric and hybrid cars is both timely and crucial.
I think it would be more prudent/beneficial/ useful/ productive/ interesting/ practical/ valuable/ impressive …, if instead of …ing, children/ students/ physicians/ patients … did …/ there was/ were …
e. g. I think it would be more beneficial, if instead of playing computer games excessively, children were encouraged in their free time to participate actively in team sports outdoors.
prudent beneficial useful productive interesting practical valuable impressive
تا همین یک قرن پیش غالبا تصور ….. سخت بود…
Until a century ago, it was often hard to imagine something/that/how …
=تا همین یک قرن پیش غالبا تصور ….. سخت بود …
(1) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine the depth of environmental problems in mega-cities.
(2) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine that anyone could talk on phone in the street, let alone in a moving car.
let alone = چه برسد به …
(3) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine how space programs could make life better.
to establish and guarantee a fair balance between … and …
e. g. Business executives should establish and guarantee a fair balance between profits and the interest of factory workers.
e. g. Teachers need to establish and guarantee a fair balance between competition and cooperation at schools.
to establish and guarantee a fair balance between … and …
… میتواند فواید بسیاری را برای ….. به ارمغان آورد …
… can deliver a multitude of benefits for …
= … میتواند فواید بسیاری را برای … به ارمغان آورد …
e. g. Consuming from five to ten different vegetables and fruits each day can deliver a multitude of benefits for our health.
Much needs to be done to find out how … affects … as a whole.
e. g. Much needs to be done to find out how the use of electric cars affects drivers’ experiences as a whole.
Much needs to be done to find out how … affects … as a whole.
to lay the groundwork for the development of …
e. g. The local stadium can lay the groundwork for the development of sports in schools in the rural neighborhood.
e. g. Parent-teacher associations (PTAs) would lay the groundwork for increased collaboration between schools and families. (PTA = انجمن اولیا و مربیان در مدارس)
to lay the groundwork for the development of …
برای/در ….. نقش محوری دارد…
… takes/occupies center stage for/in …
= to be in a situation in which someone or something receives a lot of attention
= ….. برای/در ….. نقش محوری دارد
e.g. Innovation takes center stage for today’s successful organizations.
e. g. Parents’ behavior occupies center stage in child education.
= رفتار والدین در تربیت فرزندان نقش محوری دارد.
There are better ways of … than …
e. g. There are better ways of treating obesity and eating disorders than surgery.
e. g. There are better ways of experimenting in the laboratory than injuring animals.
There are better ways of … than …
امروزه … با مشکلاتی مواجه شده که نه تنها باید … بلکه همچنین باید …
Today’s … has/have faced the challenge of not only having to …, but also having to …
e. g. Today’s sports professionals have faced the challenge of not only having to be at the top of their careers, but also having to be constantly employable.
We can reduce our environmental footprint (= the harmful effects of your activities on the environment)
e. g. We can reduce our environmental footprint by recycling as much as we can.
We can reduce our environmental footprint
همین (موضوع) در مورد ….. نیز صادق است
… The same (argument) also holds true for …
همین (موضوع) در مورد … نیز صادق است
e.g. Doing sports at schools can help increase students’ self-confidence and optimism. The same holds true for people in society.
… has made … much easier than it used to be.
e. g. Modern technology has made communication much easier than it used to be.
e. g. The internet has made shopping much easier than it used to be.
… has made … much easier than it used to be.
در عصر ارتباطات الکترونیکی…
In the age of electronic media, …
e.g. In the age of electronic media, writing Telegram messages has replaced many other forms of communication.
As a general rule, people should (not) … at the expense of missing the opportunity to …
e. g. As a general rule, people should not seek pleasure at the expense of missing the opportunity to develop their potential at an age that heavily influence future outcomes.
e. g. As a general rule, scientists should not advance their own private interest at the expense of missing the opportunity to find much-needed answers to modern-day issues in mega-cities.
As a general rule, people should (not) … at the expense of missing the opportunity to …
اینکه ….. یا ….. به نظر هنوز جای بحث داره
هنوز جای بحث داره که ….. یا …..
Whether … or … appears to be a moot point.
OR : It is a moot point whether … or … .
> > a moot point = sth that different people have different opinions about
… is still a moot point = هنوز جای بحث داره
e. g. Whether globalisation is a constructive force or a destructive one appears to be a moot point.
e. g. It is a moot point whether people should choose their friends on the basis of their common interest, or not.
… should give primacy to …
e. g. While some countries give primacy to education, some others rely on economic opportunities.
… should give primacy to …
The speed of … changes makes it necessary for people to (be able to) …
e. g. The speed of technological, professional, and societal changes makes it necessary for people to become life-long learners.
The speed of … changes makes it necessary for people to (be able to) …
سود بردن از سرعت رشدِ ….. به علتِ …..
to benefit from the rapid rise of … because …
e. g. Organisations can benefit from the rapid rise of the Internet because they can speed up the delivery of their services.
e. g. Almost everyone could benefit from the rapid rise of recycling in the glass industry because it reduces the amount of waste.
The debate about ….. is both timely and crucial.
= بحث پیرامون ….. هم به موقع است و هم با اهمیت.
e. g. The debates about the viability and desirability of all-electric and hybrid cars is both timely and crucial.
The debate about ….. is both timely and crucial.
= بحث پیرامون ….. هم به موقع است و هم با اهمیت
با اوج‌گیری بحث پیرامون ….. مهم است که …
Given the intensification of the debate over …, it is important that …
e. g. Given the intensification of the debate over the role of advanced electronic equipment in education, it is important that teachers integrate technology into their classroom.
> > Given the intensification of the debate over … = با اوج‌گیری بحث پیرامون …
to benefit from the rapid rise of … because …
e. g. Organisations can benefit from the rapid rise of the Internet because they can speed up the delivery of their services.
e. g. Almost everyone could benefit from the rapid rise of recycling in the glass industry because it reduces the amount of waste.
to benefit from the rapid rise of … because …
… The same (argument) also holds true for …
همین (موضوع) در مورد … نیز صادق است
e.g. Doing sports at schools can help increase students’ self-confidence and optimism. The same holds true for people in society.
… The same (argument) also holds true for …
همین (موضوع) در مورد … نیز صادق است
Whether … or … appears to be a moot point.
OR : It is a moot point whether … or … .
> > a moot point = sth that different people have different opinions about
… is still a moot point = هنوز جای بحث داره
e. g. Whether globalisation is a constructive force or a destructive one appears to be a moot point.
e. g. It is a moot point whether people should choose their friends on the basis of their common interest, or not.
Whether … or … appears to be a moot point.
OR : It is a moot point whether … or … .
> > a moot point = sth that different people have different opinions about
… is still a moot point = هنوز جای بحث داره
انجام دادن ….. به قیمت از دست رفتن …..
که اگر مهمتر نباشد، حداقل به همان اندازه اهمیت دارد.
… (to do sth) … to the exclusion of (sth else) …
> > if you do one thing to the exclusion of sth else, you only do the first thing and do not do the second thing at all.
e. g. Some schools privilege academic learning to the exclusion of leisure reading, which is equally, if not more, important.
NB. which is equally, if not more, important =
که اگر مهمتر نباشد، حداقل به همان اندازه اهمیت دارد.
وسیع کردن
پهن کردن
عریض کردن
to broaden
make wider
(to expand) one’s experience
eg This is a great way to broaden overall experience and knowledge.
eg The center will broaden educational experiences to maximize learning opportunities.
… takes/occupies center stage for/in …
= to be in a situation in which someone or something receives a lot of attention
= ….. برای/در ….. نقش محوری دارد
e.g. Innovation takes center stage for today’s successful organizations.
e. g. Parents’ behavior occupies center stage in child education.
= رفتار والدین در تربیت فرزندان نقش محوری دارد.
… takes/occupies center stage for/in …
= to be in a situation in which someone or something receives a lot of attention
= ….. برای/در ….. نقش
Given the intensification of the debate over …, it is important that …
e. g. Given the intensification of the debate over the role of advanced electronic equipment in education, it is important that teachers integrate technology into their classroom.
> > Given the intensification of the debate over … = با اوج‌گیری بحث پیرامون …
Given the intensification of the debate over …, it is important that …
فکر میکنم محتاطانه‌تر، سودمند‌تر، قابل‌استفاده‌تر، تولیدکننده‌تر، جالب‌تر، عملی‌تر، ارزشمند‌تر، تاثیرگذارتر، … خواهد بود، اگر به جای …ملت … میکردند.
I think it would be more prudent/beneficial/ useful/ productive/ interesting/ practical/ valuable/ impressive …, if instead of …ing, children/ students/ physicians/ patients … did …/ there was/ were …
e. g. I think it would be more beneficial, if instead of playing computer games excessively, children were encouraged in their free time to participate actively in team sports outdoors.
ساختن و ضمانت کردن تعادلِ بین … و …
to establish and guarantee a fair balance between … and …
e. g. Business executives should establish and guarantee a fair balance between profits and the interest of factory workers.
e. g. Teachers need to establish and guarantee a fair balance between competition and cooperation at schools.
… can deliver a multitude of benefits for …
= … میتواند فواید بسیاری را برای … به ارمغان آورد …
e. g. Consuming from five to ten different vegetables and fruits each day can deliver a multitude of benefits for our health.
… can deliver a multitude of benefits for …
= … میتواند فواید بسیاری را برای … به ارمغان آورد …
سرعت تغییرات …. واجب کرده که مردم …..
The speed of … changes makes it necessary for people to (be able to) …
e. g. The speed of technological, professional, and societal changes makes it necessary for people to become life-long learners.
خیلی کارها باید انجام بشه تا بفهمیم چگونه … روی … تاثیر میگذارد، در کل.
Much needs to be done to find out how … affects … as a whole.
e. g. Much needs to be done to find out how the use of electric cars affects drivers’ experiences as a whole.
انجام کارهای زمینه‌ای برای گسترش/پیشرفت …
to lay the groundwork for the development of …
e. g. The local stadium can lay the groundwork for the development of sports in schools in the rural neighborhood.
e. g. Parent-teacher associations (PTAs) would lay the groundwork for increased collaboration between schools and families. (PTA = انجمن اولیا و مربیان در مدارس)
Until a century ago, it was often hard to imagine something/that/how …
=تا همین یک قرن پیش غالبا تصور ….. سخت بود …
(1) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine the depth of environmental problems in mega-cities.
(2) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine that anyone could talk on phone in the street, let alone in a moving car.
let alone = چه برسد به …
(3) Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine how space programs could make life better.
Until a century ago, it was hard to imagine sth/that/how
= تا همین یک قرن پیش غالبا تصور … سخت بود
راه‌های بهتری از ….. هست
There are better ways of … than …
e. g. There are better ways of treating obesity and eating disorders than surgery.
e. g. There are better ways of experimenting in the laboratory than injuring animals.
ما میتوانیم رد پای خود در طبیعت را با … کاهش دهیم
We can reduce our environmental footprint (= the harmful effects of your activities on the environment)
e. g. We can reduce our environmental footprint by recycling as much as we can.
…..، …. خیلی ساده‌تر از چیزی که بود کرده
… has made … much easier than it used to be.
e. g. Modern technology has made communication much easier than it used to be.
e. g. The internet has made shopping much easier than it used to be.
In the age of electronic media, …
e.g. In the age of electronic media, writing Telegram messages has replaced many other forms of communication.
In the age of electronic media, …
در عصر ارتباطات الکترونیکی…
Today’s … has/have faced the challenge of not only having to …, but also having to …
e. g. Today’s sports professionals have faced the challenge of not only having to be at the top of their careers, but also having to be constantly employable.
Today’s … has/have faced the challenge of not only having to …, but also having to …
امروزه … با مشکلاتی مواجه شده که نه تنها باید … بلکه همچنین باید …
به عنوان یک قانون کلی، مردم باید/نباید ….. به قیمت از دست دادن فرصت …
As a general rule, people should (not) … at the expense of missing the opportunity to …
e. g. As a general rule, people should not seek pleasure at the expense of missing the opportunity to develop their potential at an age that heavily influence future outcomes.
e. g. As a general rule, scientists should not advance their own private interest at the expense of missing the opportunity to find much-needed answers to modern-day issues in mega-cities.
….. باید الویت بدهند به …..
… should give primacy to …
e. g. While some countries give primacy to education, some others rely on economic opportunities.
… (to do sth) … to the exclusion of (sth else) …
> > if you do one thing to the exclusion of sth else, you only do the first thing and do not do the second thing at all.
e. g. Some schools privilege academic learning to the exclusion of leisure reading, which is equally, if not more, important.
NB. which is equally, if not more, important =
که اگر مهمتر نباشد، حداقل به همان اندازه اهمیت دارد.
… (to do sth) … to the exclusion of (sth else) …
which is equally, if not more, important.
A large proportion of the populace…
بخش عظیمی از مردم…
e.g. A large proportion of the populace in the future would demand clean energy.
در مقایسه با …..، ….. به نظر میرسه که …..
in comparison with someone or something
e. g. ….. water polo, swimming ….. an easier sport.
Next to ….., ….. seems to be …
e. g. Next to water polo, swimming seems to be an easier sport.
If we compare the number of ….. with that of ….., …
اگر ما تعداد ….. را با تعداد ….. مقایسه کنیم، …
e. g. If we compare the number of sports facilities with that of hospitals, we can understand that physical activities are not taken seriously.
وظیفه (قانونی و اخلاقی) ….. است که …
Universities should be ….. step
in and fill the void in industries.
To be duty-bound to …
Universities should be duty-bound to step in and fill the void in industries.
وظیفه‌ی دانشگاه‌ها است که خلا موجود در صنایع را پر کنند.
The path towards ….. may be steep and strewn with challenges.
جاده‌ی منتهی به ….. میتواند پرشیب و آکنده از چالش باشد.
e. g. The path towards recycling and composting may be steep and strewn with challenges.
به مرور زمان، به نظر می‌رسد که ….. در ….. به امری عادی تبدیل شده.
e. g. ….., marriages in which both spouses are employed ….. today’s fast-paced society.
Over time, ….. seems to have become the norm in …
e. g. Over time, marriages in which both spouses are employed seem to have become the norm in today’s fast-paced society.
….. can act as a catalyst.
همچون کاتالیزور برای ….. عمل میکند.
e. g. Strong commitment to a specified time educational program can act as a catalyst for students improvement in any area.
علیرغم شواهد متعدد در تناقض با …..، ….. همچنان به این باور وفادارند که …..
e. g. ….. , some people ….. globalization can make the world a more peaceful place by creating connections among nations.
Despite plenty of evidence to the contrary, ….. still cling(s) to the belief that …..
e. g. Despite plenty of evidence to the contrary, some people still cling to the belief that globalization can make the world a more peaceful place by creating connections among nations.
….. insatiable appetite for ….. is bound to affect …..
اشتهای سیریناپذیر ….. می‌رود که بر ….. تاثیر بگذارد.
e. g. Human’s insatiable appetite for improvement is bound to affect numerous facets of our lives.
….. از حال و آینده …..
e. g. Children need to learn how to seize the opportunities ….. .
….. of today and tomorrow …..
e. g. Children need to learn how to seize the opportunities of today and tomorrow.
بخش عظیمی از مردم …..
e. g. ….. in the future would demand clean energy.
A large proportion of populace …..
e. g. A large proportion of populace in the future would demand clean energy.
Next to ….., ….. seems to be …..
Next to = in comparison with someone or something
در مقایسه با …..، ….. به نظر میرسه که …..
e. g. Next to water polo, swimming seems to be an easier sport.
اگر ما تعداد ….. را با تعداد ….. مقایسه کنیم …..
e. g. ….. sport facilities ….. hospitals, we can understand that physical activities are not taken as seriously.
If we compare the number of …… with that of ….., …..
e. g. If we compare the number of sport facilities with that of hospitals, we can understand that physical activities are not taken as seriously.
to be duty-bound to …..
وظیفه (قانونی و اخلاقی) ….. است که …..
e. g. Universities should be duty-bound to step in and fill the void in industries.
وظیفه‌ی دانشگاه‌ها است که خلا موجود در صنایع را پر کنند.
جاده‌ی منتهی به ….. میتواند پرشیب و آکنده از چالش باشد…
e. g. ….. recycling and composting ….. .
The path towards ….. may be steep and strewn with challenges.
e. g. The path towards recycling and composting may be steep and strewn with challenges.
Over time, ….. seems to have become the norm in …..
به مرور زمان، به نظر می‌رسد که ….. در ….. به امری عادی تبدیل شده.
e. g. Over time, marriages in which both spouses are employed seem to have become the norm in today’s fast-paced society.
همچون کاتالیزور برای ….. عمل میکند.
e. g. Strong commitment to a specified educational program ….. for student improvement in any area.
….. can act as a catalyst…
e. g. Strong commitment to a specified educational program can act as a catalyst for student improvement in any area.
Despite plenty of evidence to the contrary, ….. still cling(s) to the belief that …
علیرغم شواهد متعدد در تناقض با …..، ….. همچنان به این باور وفادارند که …..
e. g. Despite plenty of evidence to the contrary, some people still cling(s) to the belief that globalization can make the world a more peaceful place by creating connections among nations.
اشتهای سیریناپذیر ….. می‌رود که بر ….. تاثیر بگذارد …
e. g. Human’s …… improvement ….. numerous facets of our lives.
… insatiable appetite for ….. is bound to affect …
e. g. Human’s insatiable appetite for improvement is bound to affect numerous facets of our lives.
… of today and tomorrow …
… از حال و آینده …
e. g. Children need to learn how to seize the opportunities of today and tomorrow.
در مرکز توجه بودن
e. g. The issue is expected to ….. in the elections.
to take center stage
e. g. The issue is expected to take center stage in the elections.
practice proper sanitation
رعایت بهداشت مناسب
follow correct hygiene
قدرت فرزندان برای اذیت کردن و رسیدن به خواسته‌هایشان
e. g. Advertisers encourage the use of ….. , especially at Christmas
PESTER POWER
the ability of children to pressurize their parents into buying them products, especially items advertised in the media.
e. g. Advertisers encourage the use of pester power, especially at Christmas.
with the rapid rise of …
سرعت رشدِ (پیشرفت) …
e. g. rapid rise of technology
میتواند سردرگمی ایجاد کند…
e. g. The change, he said, could ….. among some listeners
It can creat confusion.
e. g. The change, he said, could create confusion among some listeners
without which…
که بدون آن…
e. g. Making an effort is essential without which success is inaccessible.
این یک موضوع جزئی نیست…
It is not a minor matter
majestic mountains
کوهستان بسیار زیبا
fantastic mountains
کاملا ناامید
deeply disappointed
congenial colleagues
همکاران همدل(سازگار)
friendly coworkers
خیال زودگذر
fleeting fantasy
not permanent - transitory
purchasing power
قدرت خرید
economic power
فشار (جو) همسالان
e. g. His behaviour was affected by drink and ….. .
PEER PRESSURE
e. g. His behaviour was affected by drink and peer pressure.
bear the burden of …
e. g. My partner quit his job to stay home with the baby, so I have to …. earning enough to pay the mortgage.
تحملِ بارِ …
tolerate the pressure
e. g. My partner quit his job to stay home with the baby, so I have to bear the burden of earning enough to pay the mortgage.
پیامدهای فاجعه‌بار
catastrophic consequences
rational reaction
واکنش منطقی
logical response
جز (مؤلفه) اصلی
the core component of
objective opinion
نظر عینی (منطقی)
objective : based on facts
subjective : based on feelings
تضاد گیج کننده
a puzzling paradox
pedestrian passage
محدوده‌ی ممنوع برای ماشین
area where cars cannot go
علاقه شدید
intense interest
the power of pen
قدرت قلم
to take center stage
در مرکز توجه بودن
to be in the spotlight
رعایت بهداشت مناسب
practice proper sanitation
pester power
قدرت فرزندان برای اذیت کردن و رسیدن به خواسته‌هایشان
با رشد (پیشرفت) سریعِ …
with the rapid rise of
It can creat cofusion
میتواند باعث سردرگمی شود.
که بدون آن…
without which…
- Trust is important.
- There is trust in business.
- Trust is very important, without which your business cannot take off.
It is not a minor matter
مساله‌ی جزئی نیست.
کوهستان بسیار زیبا
majestic mountains
deeply disappointed
کاملا ناامید
همکاران همدل(دوست)
congenial colleagues
fleeting fantesy
خیال زودگذر
قدرت خرید
purchasing power
peer pressure
فشار (جو) همسالان
تحمل بار ِ (فشارِ) …
bear the burden of …
catastrophic consequences
عواقب فاجعه‌بار
واکنش منطقی
rational reaction
the core component of …
جز (مؤلفه) اصلی
نظر عینی (منطقی)
objective opinion
a puzzling paradox
تضاد (پارادوکس) گیج‌کننده
محدوده‌ی ممنوعیت ورود ماشین
pedestrian passage
intense interest
علاقه‌ی شدید
قدرت قلم
power of pen
