Focus On Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

adopt

Answer

A

♦ verb
1 to take (a child of other parents) as one’s own: Since they had no children of their own they decided to adopt a little girl.
به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفتن

2 to take (something) as one’s own: After going to France he adopted the French way of life.
اتخاذ کردن
aˈdoption [-ʃən]

♦ noun
انتخاب؛ اتخاذ

aˈdoptive [-tiv]
♦ adjective
his adoptive father.
پذیرفته شده

Question 2

Q

architect

Answer

A

♦ noun
a person who designs buildings etc .
معمار
ˈarchitecture [-tʃə]

♦ noun
the art of designing buildings: He’s studying architecture; modern architecture.
معماری

ˌarchiˈtectural
♦ adjective
وابسته به معماری؛ ساختمانی

Question 3

Q

clash

Answer

A

Having laws that dictate behavior clashes with our right to choose for ourselves.
♦ noun
1 a loud noise, like eg swords striking together: the clash of metal on metal.
صدای برهم خوردن دو جسم سخت؛ ترق ترق

2 a serious disagreement or difference: a clash of personalities.
تضاد؛ مغایرت

3 a battle: a clash between opposing armies.
نبرد؛ درگیری

4 (of two or more things) an act of interfering with each other because of happening at the same time: a clash between classes.
تداخل

♦ verb
1 to strike together noisily: The cymbals clashed.
با صدای بلند به هم خوردن

2 to fight (in battle): The two armies clashed at the mouth of the valley.
نبرد کردن؛ برخورد داشتن

3 to disagree violently: They clashed over wages.
شدیداً اختلاف داشتن

4 to interfere (with something or each other) because of happening at the same time: The two lectures clash.
تداخل پیدا کردن

5 (of colours) to appear unpleasant when placed together: The (colour of the) jacket clashes with the (colour of the) skirt.
در تضاد بودن

Question 4

Q

nudge

Answer

A

♦ noun
a gentle push usually with the elbow: He gave her a nudge.
A nudge in the right direction
باارنج زدن

♦ verb
to hit gently, usually with the elbow: She nudged him in the ribs.
باارنج زدن

Question 5

Q

diet

Answer

A

food, especially a course of recommended foods, for losing weight or as treatment for an illness etc : a diet of fish and vegetables; a salt-free diet; She went on a diet to lose weight.
غذای روزمره؛ رژیم غذایی

♦ verb
to eat certain kinds of food to lose weight: She has to diet to stay slim.
رژیم گرفتن
dietician, *dietitian [ˌdaiəˈtiʃən]
♦ noun
an expert on diets and dieting.
متخصص تغذیه

Question 6

Q

menu

Answer

A

♦ noun
1 (a card with) a list of dishes that may be ordered at a meal: What’s on the menu today?
plan menus for meals
منوی غذا

2 a list of options on a computer screen, from which a user can choose.
فهرست انتخاب

Question 7

Q

label

Answer

A

♦ noun
a small written note fixed on or near anything to tell its contents, owner etc : luggage labels; The label on the blouse said `Do not iron’.
Read food labels at the supermarket
برچسب

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈlabelled , American ˈlabeled –
verb to attach a label to: She labelled all the boxes of books carefully.
برچسب زدن

Question 8

Q

committed

Answer

A

willing to work very hard at something:
▪ John is a very committed student.

+ to
▪ Residents are committed to solving their neighborhood’s problems.
You are committed to a healthier lifestyle.

Question 9

Q

lifestyle

Answer

A

the way someone lives, including the place they live in, the things they own, the type of job they have, and the activities they enjoy:
▪ an urban lifestyle
▪ a healthy lifestyle
▪ My parents disapprove of my lifestyle.

Question 10

Q

handy

Answer

A

1 useful and simple to use:
▪ There’s a handy cup holder under the car radio.

2 informal near and easy to reach:
▪ Add a rail to keep kitchen equipment handy.

3 come in handy to be useful:
▪ I’m keeping the instructions - they might come in handy someday.

4 good at using something, especially a tool
+ with
▪ He’s handy with a screwdriver.

Question 11

Q

relieve

Answer

A

1 to make a pain, problem, or bad feeling less severe:
▪ The new road should relieve traffic congestion.
▪ The doctor gave me some pills to relieve the pain.
Choice architect can help relieve some of the burden of doing it all yourself.

relieve pressure/stress
▪ Yoga is good for relieving stress.
relieve the monotony/boredom (of something)
▪ Cross-country skiing relieves the monotony of winter.

Question 12

Q

burden

Answer

A

1 a situation or task that you are responsible for, which is very difficult or worrying:
▪ Choice architect can help relieve some of the burden of doing it all yourself.
▪ Running the business alone has been a huge burden.
▪ We need to reduce the tax burden of middle-income Americans.
▪ I don’t want to be a burden on my children when I’m old (=don’t want my children to have the responsibility of caring for me).

carry/bear the burden
▪ Women still bear the main burden of childcare.

assume/shoulder a burden
▪ Why should the taxpayer shoulder the burden of this program?

ease/lighten/relieve the burden
▪ The new system will ease the burden on busy teachers.

2 responsibility for paying a large amount of money
+ of
▪ countries struggling with a burden of debt
tax/debt/financial etc. burden
▪ ways of relieving the tax burden on new companies

3 the burden of proof law the duty to prove that something is true

4 [countable] formal something that is carried SYN load

Question 13

Q

context

Answer

A

1 the situation, events, or information that are related to something, and that help you to understand it better:
▪Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which consumers make decisions.
▪ To appreciate what these changes will mean, it is necessary to look at them in context.

political/social/historical etc. context
▪ The book explains economics in a historical context.
▪ Urban poverty can only be understood in the context of politics and society as a whole.

put/place/keep something in context (=consider something together with the related situation, events etc.)

2 eng. lang. arts the words and sentences that come before and after a particular word, and that help you to understand the meaning of the word:
▪ English words can have several meanings depending on context.

3 take/quote something out of context to repeat a sentence or statement without describing the situation in which it was said, so that its meaning is not clear:
▪ Jennings accused the program of quoting him out of context.

Question 14

Q

Having laws that dictate behavior ..... with our right to choose for ourselves.
تضاد؛ مغایرت؛ در تضاد بودن
نبرد؛ درگیری
تداخل
با صدای بلند به هم خوردن

Question 15

Q

A ….. in the right direction
a gentle push usually with the elbow
با آرنج زدن

Question 16

Q

food, especially a course of recommended foods, for losing weight or as treatment for an illness etc : a ….. of fish and vegetables; a salt-free …..; She went on a ….. to lose weight.
healthy …..
غذای روزمره؛ رژیم غذایی

Question 17

Q

1 (a card with) a list of dishes that may be ordered at a meal: What’s on the ….. today?
plan ….. for meals
منوی غذا

2 a list of options on a computer screen, from which a user can choose.
فهرست انتخاب

Question 18

Q

♦ noun
a small written note fixed on or near anything to tell its contents, owner etc : luggage …..; The ….. on the blouse said `Do not iron’
Read food ….. at the supermarket
برچسب

♦ verb
to attach a ….. to: She ….. all the boxes of books carefully.
برچسب زدن

Question 19

Q

willing to work very hard at something:
▪ John is a very ….. student.

+ to
▪ Residents are ….. to solving their neighborhood’s problems.
You are ….. to a healthier lifestyle.

Answer

A

committed

Question 20

Q

the way someone lives, including the place they live in, the things they own, the type of job they have, and the activities they enjoy:
▪ an urban .....
▪ a healthy .....
▪ My parents disapprove of my ..... .
سبک زندگی

Answer

A

lifestyle

Question 21

Q

1 useful and simple to use:
▪ There’s a ….. cup holder under the car radio.

2 informal near and easy to reach:
▪ Add a rail to keep kitchen equipment ….. .

3 come in ….. to be useful:
▪ I’m keeping the instructions - they might come in ….. someday.

4 good at using something, especially a tool
+ with
▪ He’s ….. with a screwdriver.
سودمند؛ به درد خوردن

Question 22

Q

Choice architect can help relieve some of the ….. of doing it all yourself.
مسئولیت

Question 23

Q

Choice architects are people who organize the ….. in which consumers make decisions.
زمینه
موقعیت

Question 24

Q

consumer

Answer

A

1 [countable] economics someone who buys and uses products and services:
▪ Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which consumers make decisions.
▪ Consumers will soon be paying higher airfares.
►see thesaurus box at customer

2 [singular] economics all the people who buy goods and services, considered as a group:
▪ The travel agents’ group want more protection for the consumer.
▪ Consumer spending rose 0.7 percent in November.

Question 25

Q

layout

Answer

A

1 the way in which something such as a town or building is arranged
+ of
▪The person who decides the layout of your local supermarket is a choice architect.
▪ He wasn’t familiar with the layout of the building.

2 the way in which writing and pictures are arranged on a page
+ of
▪ the layout of text on the page

Question 26

Q

shelf

Answer

A

1shelf [countable] a long flat narrow board fastened to a wall or in a frame or cupboard, that you can put things on:
▪ shelves of books
▪ supermarket shelves

top/bottom shelf
▪ Put it back on the top shelf.
▪ boxes that take up a lot of shelf space

2 off the shelf: available to be bought immediately, without having to be specially designed or ordered:
▪ off-the-shelf computer software packages

3 on the shelf: if a plan, idea etc. is on the shelf, it is not used or considered:
▪ The proposal will have to be put on the shelf until we can get more funding.

4 [countable] earth science a narrow surface of rock or ice shaped like a shelf

5 fly off the shelves: to be sold in large numbers:
▪ We can’t keep the toy in stock - it’s just been flying off the shelves

Question 27

Q

stack

Answer

A

1stack a neat pile of things, one on top of the other SYN pile
+ of
▪ a stack of books
▪ stacks of unopened boxes

2 the stacks [plural] the rows of shelves in the part of a library where most of the books are kept

3 a stack of something also stacks of something informal a large amount:
▪ We get stacks of junk mail every day.

4 computers: a temporary store of information on a computer

5 a tall chimney

6 a large pile of grain, grass etc. that is stored outside

Question 28

Q

impose

Answer

A

1 [transitive] if someone in authority imposes a rule, tax, punishment etc., they force people to accept it:
▪ Troops were sent to the region to impose order.

impose something on somebody
▪ The new law imposes fines on the parents of children who break the curfew.

impose restrictions/sanctions/penalties etc.
▪ The U.N. imposed restrictions on flights over the area.

2 [transitive] to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc. as you
impose something on somebody
▪ Teachers may not impose their religious beliefs on their students.
3 [intransitive] to expect or ask someone to do something for you when this is not convenient for them:
▪ No, we’ll find a motel - we don’t want to impose.

+ on/upon
▪ I’m sorry if I imposed on you.

4 [transitive] to have a bad effect on someone or something by causing them problems
impose a burden/hardship etc. (on somebody/something)
▪ A higher sales tax would impose an unfair burden on poorer Americans.

Question 29

Q

ban

Answer

A

an official order that forbids something from being used or done
+ on
▪ a ban on cigarette advertising

Question 30

Q

boycott

Answer

A

to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protesting about a situation, action etc.:
▪ Six countries have threatened to boycott the Olympics.

Question 31

Q

gently

Answer

A

in a gentle way:
▪ Don gently kissed her on the cheek.
They would like to see designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices.

Question 32

Q

gentle

Answer

A

1 kind and careful in the way you behave, so that you do not hurt or damage anyone or anything:
▪ a gentle person
▪ a gentle smile

+ with
▪ Be gentle with the baby.

2 not too strong or forceful, or not using too much effort:
▪ gentle exercise
▪ the gentle pressure of her hand
▪ the gentle warmth of the fire

3 a gentle wind or rain is soft and light SYN light:
▪ a gentle breeze

4 a gentle hill or slope is not very steep or sharp; OPP steep

Question 33

Q

hint

Answer

A

1 something that you say or do that helps someone guess what you really want or mean:
▪ Come on, just give me a hint.
▪ He’s been dropping hints (=giving hints indirectly) that he might not return next year.
▪ I said I was busy but he didn’t take the hint (=understand my hint, and go away).

a strong/heavy/clear hint (=hint in which it is very clear what someone means)

2 a very small amount or sign of something
+ of
▪ a hint of anger in his voice
▪ a hint of sweetness in the wine
▪ At the first hint of trouble, he left.
▪ There is no hint of humor in the book (=no humor at all).

3 a useful piece of advice about how to do something
+ on
▪ hints on how to avoid injuring your back
handy/helpful hints (=useful hints)

Question 34

Q

classify

Answer

A

1 to decide what group something belongs to according to a system
classify something as something
▪ Whales are classified as mammals rather than fish.

classify something into something
▪ Headaches can be classified into two major categories.

classify something by/according to something
▪ If children are classifying the beads by color, they ignore the shape.

2 to make information or documents secret:
▪ The military has classified the results of the weapons test.

—classifiable adjective

Question 35

Q

glance

Answer

A

1 to quickly look at someone or something
\+ at/toward/up etc.
▪ He glanced at his watch.
▪ Gary glanced over his shoulder.
►see thesaurus box at look

2 to read something very quickly
+ at/over etc.
▪ Susan glanced at the menu.

glance off phrasal verb
1 to hit a surface at an angle and then move away from it in another direction:
▪ The bullet glanced off the side of the car.

2 if light glances off something, it flashes or shines back from it:
▪ The beam of his flashlight glanced off something in the water.

Question 36

Q

saturated

Answer

A

1 extremely wet
+ with
▪ The pillow was saturated with blood.
►see thesaurus box at wet

2 completely filled with something or a large number of things
+ with
▪ The system is saturated with fraud and corruption.

3 chemistry if a chemical mixture is saturated, it has had as much of a solid dissolved (=mixed until it has become part of the liquid ) into it as possible:
▪ a saturated salt solution

4 the market (for something) is saturated used to say that so much of a product has been offered for sale that people do not want to buy any more things of that kind

Question 37

Q

nutrient

Answer

A

biology nutrients are substances that provide what is needed for all living organisms to live and grow:
▪ Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
[Origin: 1600–1700 Latin, present participle of nutrire to feed, nourish]
—nutrient adjective

Question 38

Q

beware

Answer

A

used to warn someone to be careful because something is dangerous
+ of
▪ Beware of the dog!
▪ The department warned consumers to beware.

Question 39

Q

moderation

Answer

A

1 in moderation: if you do something that could be bad for you in moderation, you do not do it too much:
▪ Drinking alcohol is fine, as long as you do it in moderation.

2 [uncountable] formal: control of your behavior, so that you keep your actions, feelings, habits etc. within reasonable or sensible limits; OPP excess
+ in
▪ Matsuyama’s secret to a long life is moderation in eating.

3 [countable, uncountable] formal: reduction in force, degree, speed etc.
+ in/of
▪ a need for moderation in labor costs
▪ a recent moderation in prices

Question 40

Q

grab

Answer

A

♦ verb
1 to seize, grasp or take suddenly: He grabbed a biscuit.
قاپیدن؛ به زور گرفتن

2 to get by rough or illegal means: Many people tried to grab land when oil was discovered in the district.
بالا کشیدن

♦ noun
a sudden attempt to grasp or seize: He made a grab at the boy.
گرفتن با زور و ناگهانی

grab at
to try to grasp, seize or take, not necessarily successfully: He grabbed at the boy; He grabbed at the chance to leave.
تلاش برای گرفتن چیزی

Question 41

Q

indulge

Answer

A

1 [intransitive, transitive] to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you
+ in
▪ A funeral is not an appropriate time to indulge in gossip.

indulge yourself
▪ If you’re dieting, indulge yourself once in a while (=eat what you want).

indulge your fantasy/passion/taste etc.
▪ I have to indulge my craving for chocolate a few times a week.

2 [transitive] to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them:
▪ Parents should avoid indulging their children.

3 [intransitive] to take part in an activity, especially an illegal or immoral one
+ in
▪ Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men.

Question 42

Q

encounter

Answer

A

1 to experience problems, difficulties, or opposition when you are trying to do something
encounter problems/difficulties/obstacles etc.
▪ This was easily the best website we encountered during our search of real estate agents.

encounter opposition/resistance
▪ The reforms have encountered fierce opposition.

2 formal to meet someone or experience something without planning to:
▪ the best website we’ve encountered so far

Question 43

Q

infrequent

Answer

A

not happening often SYN rare:
▪ Rain is infrequent in this region of the world.
decision that is made infrequently
—infrequently adverb
—infrequency noun [uncountable]

Question 44

Q

Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which ….. make decisions.

Question 45

Q

the oranges are …..

Question 46

Q

Which ….. the peanut butter goes on

طبقه؛ قفسه

Question 47

Q

The person who decides the ….. of your local supermarket is a choice architect.
طرح‌

Question 48

Q

Governments don’t have to ….. healthier lifestyle through laws.
تحمیل

Question 49

Q

gentle ….. from choice architects
اشاره
تذکر
تلویحا گفتن؛ کنایه

Question 50

Q

smoking …..

ممنوعیت

Question 51

Q

They would like to see designs that ….. push customers toward making healthier choices.
با ملایمت
به تدریج
به آرامی

Question 52

Q

….. foods as healthy or unhealthy

طبقه‌بندی

Question 53

Q

Shoppers can see at a ….. how much fat each product contains.
نظر اجمالی
در یک چشم به هم زدن
به چیزی خوردن و کمانه کردن

Question 54

Q

….. hints from choice architects

ملایم

Question 55

Q

Six countries have threatened to ….. the Olympics.

تحریم

Question 56

Q

The system is ….. with fraud and corruption.

اشباع‌شده

Answer

A

saturated

Question 57

Q

Yellow signals that the shopper should …..

مواظب بودن؛ مراقب بودن؛ حذر کردن

Question 58

Q

Plants absorb ….. from the soil.
مغذی
ماده مقوی از لحاظ غذایی

Question 59

Q

It should be eaten in ….. .
اعتدال
میانه‌روی
ملایمت

Answer

A

moderation

Question 60

Q

He ..... a biscuit.
برداشتن
قاپیدن؛ به زور گرفتن
بالا کشیدن
تلاش برای گرفتن چیزی

Question 61

Q

….. in chocolate brownie

لذت بردن

Answer

A

indulge (in)

Question 62

Q

People benefit from nudges when …..ing some situations.
اتفاقی برخوردن به
مواجه شدن؛ برخورد پیدا کردن
نبرد؛ رزم

Answer

A

encounter

Question 63

Q

decision that is made …..

Answer

A

infrequently

Question 64

Q

donate

Answer

A

1 to give something useful to a person or an organization that needs help
donate something to somebody/something
▪ One school donated $500 to the Red Cross.

donate to somebody/something
▪ I never donate to charities who call me on the phone.
►see thesaurus box at give

2 donate blood/organs etc. to give some of your blood or part of your body to be used for medical purposes:
▪ We are looking for people to donate blood.

Answer 42

A

1 used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it SYN in spite of:
▪ Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.
▪ She was hired despite the fact that she had no background in science.

2 despite yourself: if you do something despite yourself, you do it although you did not intend to:
▪ Jessie realized that, despite herself, she cared about Edward.

Answer 43

A

1 a plan or desire to do something

have no intention of doing something
▪ I have no intention of moving again anytime soon.
▪ Perez bought the house with the intention of fixing it up and reselling it.

+ that
▪ It was always the intention that the convention be held in Kobe.

somebody’s intention to do something
▪ It was always my attention to pay you back.
▪ I have every intention of (=definitely plan on) reporting him to the police.

2 good intentions also the best (of) intentions a desire to do something good or kind, especially when you do not succeed in doing it:
▪ They have good intentions, but they never finish anything.

3 what are your intentions (toward somebody)?

old-fashioned or humorous used to ask someone whether or not they plan to marry someone else

Answer 44

A

1 [countable, uncountable] a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries etc.:
▪ serious political conflict
▪ With so many people around there are bound to be some conflicts.

+ between
▪ the conflict between tradition and innovation

+ with
▪ A school counselor helped Jason resolve a conflict with one of his teachers.

+ over
▪ conflicts over wages
▪ Nina seems to be permanently in conflict with her superiors.
▪ Andy’s management style has brought him into conflict with colleagues.
▪ The medical community often comes into conflict with politicians.

political/social/industrial conflict
▪ the social and political conflict of the 1930s

2 [countable, uncountable] a situation in which you have to choose between two or more opposing things

+ of
▪ a conflict of loyalties

+ between
▪ conflict between the demands of work and family
▪ The principles of democracy are sometimes in conflict with political reality.

3 [countable] something that you have to do at the same time that someone wants you to do something different:
▪ Sorry, I have a conflict on Friday. Can we move the meeting to Monday?

4 [countable, uncountable] fighting or a war:
▪ Will this peace settlement bring an end to years of conflict?

armed/military/violent conflict
▪ Armed conflict may be unavoidable.
►see thesaurus box at war

5 [countable, uncountable] a situation in which you have two opposite feelings about something:
▪ an inner conflict between his religious beliefs and his drinking

6 [countable] eng. lang. arts a situation in a book, play, movie etc. in which different characters or forces oppose each other in a way that causes or influences the action of the story:
▪ The central conflict in the story is between the boy and his father.

Answer 45

A

1 a quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearlyI

get/catch a glimpse of
▪ Fans waited to catch a glimpse of their favorite stars.

brief/fleeting/quick glimpse
▪ We got a quick glimpse of the mountains before the clouds covered them again.

2 a short experience of something that helps you begin to understand it:
▪ a glimpse of what life was like for the early settlers

Answer 46

A

1 [intransitive, transitive] to give money, help, ideas etc. to something that a lot of other people are also involved in:
▪ You can contribute by donating goods to sell.

contribute something to/toward something
▪ Three businessmen each contributed $100,000 to the fund.

+ to
▪ Japan contributed to the cost of the research.

2 contribute to something to be one of the causes or features of something:
▪ Alcohol contributes to over 100,000 deaths a year in America.

3 [intransitive, transitive] to write articles, stories, poems etc. for a newspaper or magazine:
▪ Several hundred people contributed

articles, photographs, and cartoons.
4 [intransitive, transitive] to say something or express an idea or opinion during a conversation, meeting etc.:
▪ Does anyone else have anything to contribute?

contribute (something) to something
▪ Many important writers have contributed to this debate.

Answer 47

A

1 [transitive usually passive] if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc. makes it necessary SYN obligate

oblige somebody to do something
▪ The law obliges drivers to wear seat belts.
▪ The boat had sailed, so I was obliged to spend another week in the town.
▪ The job demanded a lot of overtime, and she felt obliged to do it.

2 [intransitive, transitive] to do something that someone has asked you to do:
▪ They wanted to talk about the contract, and I obliged them.
▪ If you need a ride home, I’d be happy to oblige.

3 I/we would be obliged if: used in formal letters to ask someone to do something for you:
▪ I would be obliged if you could send me a copy.

4 (I’m/we’re) much obliged: spoken old-fashioned used to thank someone very politely

Answer 48

A

1 demanding that rules be obeyed:
▪ a strict teacher

+ about
▪ The hospital is very strict about visiting hours.

+ with
▪ Mom and Dad were always very strict with us kids.

2 a strict order or rule is one that must be obeyed:
▪ strict laws against drugs
▪ I’m telling you this in the strictest confidence (=it must be kept completely secret).

3 [usually before noun] exact and correct, often in a way that seems unreasonable:
▪ The book is not actually “autobiographical” in the strict sense.

4 a strict Muslim/vegetarian etc. someone who obeys all the rules of a particular religion, belief etc.

Answer 49

A

قرض دادن

Answer 50

A

lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain

Answer 51

A

careful to avoid danger or risks SYN careful:
▪ a cautious driver

+ about
▪ Be cautious about giving out your phone number.
▪ Both sides have expressed cautious optimism that an agreement will soon be reached (=they are hoping for a good result, but are being careful not to expect too much).

—cautiously adverb:
▪ Sara opened the door cautiously.

—cautiousness noun [uncountable]

Answer 52

A

♦ verb
1 to try to persuade or request earnestly (someone to do something): He urged her to drive carefully; `Come with me,’ he urged.
خواستار شدن

2 to try to convince a person of (eg the importance of, or necessity for, some action): He urged (on them) the necessity for speed.
تاکید کردن

♦ noun
a strong impulse or desire: I felt an urge to hit him.
تمایل شدید

urge on
to drive or try to persuade (a person etc ) to go on or forwards: He urged himself on in spite of his weariness.
ترغیب کردن

Answer 53

A

almost never SYN rarely:
▪ She seldom eats at home.
▪ Council meetings are seldom

longer than an hour.
▪ Seldom have I read such a powerful book.

Answer 54

A

to completely get rid of or destroy something:
▪ He spoke about what is necessary to eradicate AIDS.

eradicate something from something
▪ an attempt to eradicate bullying from the school

—eradication /ɪˌrædəˈkeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 55

A

♦ verb
to get rid of; to omit or exclude: He was eliminated from the tennis match in the first round.
حذف کردن؛ دفع کردن

eˌlimiˈnation
♦ noun
حذف؛ نابودی

Answer 56

A

1 happening sometimes but not often:
▪ She still has occasional headaches.

the/an occasional something
▪ I drink the occasional glass of wine, but not much else.

2 doing something sometimes but not often:
▪ an occasional smoker

3 formal written or intended for a special occasion:
▪ occasional poems

Answer 57

A

a person who is in charge; “the head of the whole operation”

Answer 58

A

a person who is in charge; “the head of the whole operation”

Answer 59

A

♦ adjective
1 faint or delicate in quality, and therefore difficult to describe or explain: There is a subtle difference between unnecessary' and not necessary’; a subtle flavour.
نامحسوس

2 clever or cunning: He has a subtle mind.
هوشمندانه

subtlety [ˈsatlti]
♦ noun
بطرز هوشمندانه

ˈsubtly
♦ adverb
هوشمندي

Answer 60

A

separated in space or time or coming from or going to a distance; “the distant past”; “distant villages”; “the sound of distant traffic”; “a distant sound”; “a distant telephone call”

(antonym) close
(similar) away(p)
(attribute) distance

Answer 61

A

♦ noun
1 a usually strong-smelling, sharp-tasting vegetable substance used to flavour food (eg pepper or nutmeg): We added cinnamon and other spices.
ادويه

2 anything that adds liveliness or interest: Her arrival added spice to the party.
طعم

♦ verb
to flavour with spice: The curry had been heavily spiced.
ادويه زدن

spiced
♦ adjective
containing spice(s): The dish was heavily spiced.
پر ادويه

ˈspicy
♦ adjective
tasting or smelling of spices: a spicy cake; He complained that the sausages were too spicy for him.

ˈspiciness
♦ noun

Answer 62

A

very bad, or ending in failure:
▪ disastrous floods
▪ a disastrous early marriage

disastrous effects/consequences
▪ The attack failed, with disastrous consequences.

—disastrously adverb

Answer 63

A

1 material used to insulate something, especially a building

2 the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated:
▪ Blankets provided insulation against the cold.

Answer 64

A

intention

Answer 65

A

contribute

Answer 66

A

corruption

Answer 67

A

eradicate

Answer 68

A

eliminate

Answer 69

A

occasional

Answer 70

A

disastrous

Answer 71

A

insulation

Answer 72

A

♦ noun
a written composition; a piece of written prose: The examination consists of four essays; Write an essay on/about your holiday.
مقاله

Answer 73

A

♦ noun
1 the quality of being of many different kinds or of being varied: There’s a great deal of variety in this job.
تنوع

2 a mixed collection or range: The children got a variety of toys on their birthdays.
انواع مختلف

3 a sort or kind: They grow fourteen different varieties of rose.
نوع

4 a type of mixed theatrical entertainment including dances, songs, short sketches etc : I much prefer operas to variety; (also adjective ) a variety show.
واریته

Answer 74

A

Noun

1. a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces);

Answer 75

A

♦ verb
1 to show clearly: This demonstrates his ignorance of the situation.
نشان دادن؛ آشکار کردن

2 to show how something works or is done: He demonstrated how the new vacuum cleaner worked.
نشان دادن

3 to express an opinion (usually political) by marching, showing banners etc in public: A crowd collected to demonstrate against the new taxes.
تظاهرات کردن

ˌdemonˈstration
♦ noun
1 a display or exhibition (of how something works etc ): I’d like a demonstration of this dishwasher.
نمایش طرز کار

2 (also ˈdemo [ˈdemou] – plural ˈdemos ) a public expression of opinion by holding meetings and processions, showing placards etc .
تظاهرات

ˈdemonstrator
♦ noun
1 a person who takes part in a public demonstration.
تظاهر کننده

2 a teacher or assistant who helps students with practical work.
دستیار

demonstrative
♦ adjective
♦ pronounany one of the words this, *that, *these or those
اشاره

Answer 76

A

1 something you say or write publicly or officially to let people know your intentions or opinions, or to record facts

+ that
▪ The statement that boys are good at math and girls are not is plainly wrong.

+ about/on
▪ He made several negative statements about her performance.

make/issue/give a statement (=say something in a very official way)
▪ Vernon issued a statement today, confirming his resignation.
▪ In a sworn statement (=one that you officially say is true), Thomas denied any improper behavior.

get/take a statement (=officially write down what someone says)
▪ Brady took statements from both witnesses.

public/official statement
▪ School administrators have made a number of public statements about this issue.

false/inaccurate/misleading statement (=one that is wrong)
▪ He was accused of making false statements in court.
→ see also mission statement

2 a list showing amounts of money paid, received, owing etc. and their total:
▪ a bank statement
▪ the company’s annual financial statement

3 something you do, make, wear etc. that causes people to have a particular opinion about you:
▪ The type of car you drive makes a statement about who you are.

Answer 77

A

1 argument [countable] a situation in which two or more people disagree, often angrily

+ with
▪ I broke the vase during an argument with my husband.

+ about/over
▪ an argument over who was at fault
▪ Henning told the police she and her husband had an argument before he left.
▪ I got into an argument with the other driver.
▪ Shelton and the woman had a heated argument (=very angry argument).

2 [countable] a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc.:
▪ Rose presented a good argument.

\+ for/against
▪ a powerful argument against smoking
▪ the arguments in favor of gun control
argument that
▪ the familiar argument that poverty breeds crime

3 [uncountable] the act of disagreeing or questioning something:
▪ Nathan accepted the decision without argument.
▪ I’m not sure that’s an accurate description, but for the sake of argument (=in order to discuss all the possibilities) I’ll accept it.

Answer 78

A

1 outline the main ideas or facts about something, without all the details:
▪ In a short statement, Wilson gave an outline of his plans.
▪ an outline agreement
▪ The events are familiar, at least in outline, to most of the students.
a broad/rough/general outline (=a very general outline)

2 a plan for a piece of writing in which each new idea is separately written down

+ of/for
▪ The professor wants an outline of our papers by Friday.

3 a line around the edge of something which shows its shape but no details:
▪ She drew an outline around the shape.

Answer 79

A

♦ noun
1 the condition in which a thing or person is: the bad state of the roads; The room was in an untidy state; He inquired about her state of health; What a state you’re in!; He was not in a fit state to take the class.
وضع

2 a country considered as a political community, or, as in the United States, one division of a federation: The Prime Minister visits the Queen once a week to discuss affairs of state; The care of the sick and elderly is considered partly the responsibility of the state; (also adjective ) The railways are under state control; state-controlled / owned industries.
مملكت

3 ceremonial dignity and splendour: The Queen, wearing her robes of state, drove in a horse-drawn coach to Westminster; (also adjective ) state occasions/banquets.
تشريفات رسمي

ˈstately
♦ adjective
noble, dignified and impressive in appearance or manner: She is tall and stately; a stately house.
رسمي

ˈstateliness
♦ noun
شكوه

ˈstatesman [ˈsteits-]
♦ noun
a person who plays an important part in the government of a state.
دولتمرد

ˈstatesmanlike [ˈsteits-]
♦ adjective
showing the qualities of a good statesman.
دولتمرد مانند

ˈstatesmanship [ˈsteits-]
♦ noun
skill in directing the affairs of a state.
دولتمردي

get into a state
to become very upset or anxious.
نگران شدن

lie in state
(of a corpse) to be laid in a place of honour for the public to see, before burial.
دراز كشيدن در جمع

Answer 80

A

in spite of what you have just mentioned:
▪ What she said was true. Nevertheless, it was very unkind.
▪ The Sharks played with two men in the penalty box, but scored nevertheless.

Answer 81

A

1 to develop by gradually changing, or to make something do this:
▪ The school has evolved its own teaching methods.

+ from/into
▪ a small family store that evolved into a national supermarket chain

2 to change gradually, developing new features, over a long period of time through the process of scientific evolution:
▪ Bears have evolved huge claws for catching their prey.
evolve from something
▪ Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.
evolve into something
▪ dinosaurs that evolved into birds

Answer 82

A

1
a) the ability to learn, understand, and think about things:
▪ a test designed to measure intelligence
high/low intelligence (=a strong or weak ability to learn and understand things easily)
b) a high level of this ability:
▪ I doubt whether he had the intelligence to be so devious.

2 politics: information about the secret activities of foreign governments, the military plans of an enemy etc.:
▪ According to our intelligence, further attacks were planned.
▪ Intelligence gathering (=obtaining intelligence) is a dangerous business.

3 politics: a group of people or an organization that gathers secret information for their government:
▪ military intelligence
▪ U.S. intelligence agencies

Answer 83

A

♦ verb
1 to put into words: He expressed his ideas very clearly.
بیان کردن

2 (with oneself etc ) to put one’s own thoughts into words: You haven’t expressed yourself clearly.
نظر خود را ابراز کردن؛ بیان کردن

3 to show (thoughts, feelings etc ) by looks, actions etc : She nodded to express her agreement.
نشان دادن

4 to send by fast (postal) delivery: Will you express this letter, please?
فوری رساندن

♦ adjective
1 travelling, carrying goods etc , especially fast: an express train; express delivery.
سریع السیر

2 clearly stated: You have disobeyed my express wishes.
صریح؛ روشن

♦ adverb
by express train or fast delivery service: Send your letter express.
فوری؛ اکسپرس

♦ noun
1 an express train: the London to Cardiff express.
قطار سریع السیر

2 the service provided eg by the post office for carrying goods etc quickly: The parcel was sent by express.
پست فوری

exˈpressly
♦ adverb
in clear, definite words: I expressly forbade you to do that.
بطور صریح و آشکار

exˈpression [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 a look on one’s face that shows one’s feelings: He always has a bored expression on his face.
قیافه؛ حالت

2 a word or phrase: Dough' is a slang expression for money`.
اصطلاح؛ عبارت

3 (a) showing of thoughts or feelings by words, actions etc : This poem is an expression of his grief.
بیانگر؛ گویا

4 the showing of feeling when eg reciting, reading aloud or playing a musical instrument: Put more expression into your playing!
شور و حال

exˈpressionless
♦ adjective
(of a face or voice) showing no feeling: a cold, expressionless tone.
بی حالت؛ بی احساس

exˈpressive [-siv]
♦ adjective
showing meaning or feeling clearly: She has an expressive look on her face.
معنی دار؛ گویا

exˈpressiveness
♦ noun
بیانگری؛ پر معنایی

exˈpressively
♦ adverb
بطور پر معنا

exˈpressway
♦ noun
a divided highway; a motorway.
بزرگراه؛ تندراه

Answer 84

A

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

Answer 85

A

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

Answer 86

A

to give to someone as his share or duty: They assigned the task to us.
مقرر داشتن؛ محول کردن

Answer 87

A

♦ adjective
acting, or happening, without delay or punctually: a prompt reply; I’m surprised that she’s late. She’s usually so prompt.
به موقع؛ وقت شناس

ˈpromptly
♦ adverb
1 immediately: He promptly accepted my offer.
بی درنگ

2 punctually: They arrived promptly.
به موقع

ˈpromptness
♦ noun
سر وقت بودن؛ سرعت

at one/two etc o’clock prompt
punctually at one/two etc o’clock.
…دقیقاً راس ساعت

Answer 88

A

under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon; “probationary employees”; “a provisional government”; “just a tentative schedule”

Answer 89

A

♦ verb
to make guesses: He’s only speculating – he doesn’t know; There’s no point in speculating about what’s going to happen.
حدس زدن

ˌspecuˈlation
♦ noun
1 a guess: Your speculations were all quite close to the truth.

2 the act of speculating: There was great speculation as to what was happening.

Answer 90

A

1 instructions: the printed information that tells you how to use a piece of equipment, product etc.
instructions on how to do something/on doing something
▪ Are there any instructions on how to plant the trees?

+ for
▪ Click here to download instructions for assembly and care.
▪ Follow the instructions (=do what they say) on the back of the box.

2 [countable usually plural] a statement telling someone what they must do:
▪ Her instructions were very clear.
▪ A stewardess gave safety instructions in both English and Spanish.

instructions to do something
▪ The guards had instructions to watch the prisoners carefully.

instruction that
▪ The teacher had left instructions that no one was to talk during the test.

strict/specific instructions
▪ I gave strict instrtuctions that we were not to be disturbed.
▪ He failed to follow his commander’s instructions.
▪ The police were under instruction to (=were told to) fire if necessary.

3 [uncountable] formal teaching that you are given in a particular skill or subject:
▪ religious instruction

+ in
▪ basic instruction in chemistry
▪ Under Stewart’s instruction (=while being taught by him), I mastered the technique.

Answer 91

A

♦ noun
an account: He kept a tally of all the work he did.
حساب

♦ verb
(often with with ) to agree or match: Their stories tally; His story tallies with mine.
مطابق بودن

Answer 92

A

1 relating to the ability to understand things and to think intelligently :
▪ the intellectual development of children
▪ a job that requires a large amount of intellectual effort

2 [only before noun] relating to ideas about science, art, literature etc., which are discussed by educated intelligent people:
▪ Her works reflect the intellectual climate of the time.

3 an intellectual person is well educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature etc.
►see thesaurus box at intelligent

4 involving or needing serious thinking to be understood:
▪ an intellectual film

—intellectually adverb

Answer 93

A

1 food or other substances that people and living things need to live, grow, and stay healthy:
▪ The program provides basic nourishment to low-income families.

2 something that helps a feeling, idea, or belief to grow stronger
spiritual/intelluctual/emotional nourishment
▪ The Bible is a source of spiritual nourishment.
تغذیه؛ خوراک
پرورش

Answer 94

A

1 kettle: a special metal pot with a handle and spout, used for boiling and pouring water SYN teakettle:
▪ The kettle’s boiling.

2 a large pot, used especially for making soup

3 a different/another kettle of fish: informal used to say that a situation is very different from one that you have just mentioned
کتری

Answer 95

A

assignment

Answer 96

A

statement

Answer 97

A

provisional

Answer 98

A

nevertheless

Answer 99

A

intelligence

Answer 100

A

provisional

Answer 101

A

speculate

Answer 102

A

instruction

Answer 103

A

tally

Past: tallied

Answer 104

A

intellectual

Answer 105

A

nourishment

Answer 106

A

♦ verb
1 to press (something) together or from all sides tightly: He squeezed her hand affectionately; He squeezed the clay into a ball.
به هم فشردن

2 to force (eg oneself) eg into or through a narrow space: The dog squeezed himself / his body into the hole; We were all squeezed into the back seat of the car.
فشارآوردن

3 to force something, eg liquid, out of something by pressing: She squeezed the oranges (into a jug); We might be able to squeeze some more money/information out of him.
عصاره چيزي را گرفتن

♦ noun
1 an act of squeezing: He gave his sister an affectionate squeeze.
فشردگي

2 a condition of being squeezed: We all got into the car, but it was a squeeze.
فشار

3 a few drops produced by squeezing.
مضيقه

4 a time of financial restriction: an economic squeeze.
انقباض اقتصادي

ˈsqueezer
♦ noun
an instrument for squeezing: a lemon squeezer.
فشار دهنده

squeeze up
to move closer together: Could you all squeeze up on the bench and make room for me?
به زور جا دادن

Answer 107

A

1 [countable, uncountable] the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something:
▪ tears of anger and frustration
▪ She threw her pen across the room in frustration.

2 [uncountable] the fact of being prevented from achieving what you are trying to achieve
+ of
▪ the frustration of all his ambitions
ناامیدی

Answer 108

A

♦ noun
(a) sudden great fear, especially that spreads through a crowd etc : The fire caused a panic in the city.
هراس

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈpanicked –
to make or become so frightened that one loses the power to think clearly: He panicked at the sight of the audience.
هراسیدن

ˈpanicky
♦ adjective
inclined to panic: She gets panicky in an exam; in a panicky mood.
سرآسیمه

Answer 109

A

1 [only before noun] an alternative idea, plan etc. is one that can be used instead of another one SYN alternate:
▪ Jones’ book details alternative ways of coping with stress.

2 [only before noun] an alternative system or solution is considered less damaging or more effective than the old one:
▪ alternative sources of energy

3 not based on or believing in traditional social or moral standards:
▪ an alternative lifestyle
▪ alternative music

—alternatively adverb

Answer 110

A

1 [usually before noun] admired by many people, and having a value that continues for a long time :
▪ classic novels such as "Jane Eyre"
▪ the classic film "Citizen Kane"
▪ the classic rock music of the '60s
▪ a classic car
►see thesaurus box at old

2 having all the features that are typical or expected of a particular thing or situation
classic example/case etc.
▪ This was a classic example of poisoning.
▪ Lasagna is one of Italy’s classic dishes.

3 [usually before noun] a classic style of art or clothing is attractive in a simple or traditional way, and is not influenced very much by changing fashions:
▪ a classic blue suit

4 That’s classic! spoken said when you think something is very funny

Answer 111

A

in spite of what has just been mentioned SYN nevertheless:
▪ The paintings are complex, but they’re appealing nonetheless.
▪ The substance may not affect humans. Nonetheless, the FDA is examining it closely.

Answer 112

A

1 having or involving very strong feelings of sexual love:
▪ His kiss was passionate.
▪ a passionate love affair

2 having or expressing a very strong feeling, especially a strong belief in an idea or principle:
▪ He is a passionate defender of the poor.
▪ a passionate speech

3 having a very strong interest in or liking for something SYN intense:
▪ Her father indulged her passionate interest in horses.

+ about
▪ Brian is passionate about football.

—passionately adverb:
▪ He was passionately committed to the ideal of non-violence.

Answer 113

A

someone who is very interested in a particular activity or subject:
▪ a sports enthusiast

Answer 114

A

♦ verb
1 to provide (a book, lecture etc ) with pictures, diagrams etc .
مصور کردن

2 to make (a statement etc ) clearer by providing examples etc : Let me illustrate my point; This diagram will illustrate what I mean.
توضیح دادن؛ روشن کردن

ˈillustrated
♦ adjective
having pictures etc : an illustrated catalogue.
مصور

ˌilluˈstration
♦ noun
1 a picture: coloured illustrations.
تصویر

2 an example.
مثال

3 the act of illustrating.
توضیح

ˈillustrative [-strətiv, (American) iˈlastrətiv]
♦ adjective
توضیحی

ˈillustrator
♦ noun
a person who draws pictures etc for books etc .
نشان دهنده

Answer 115

A

♦ noun
1 an art or skill: the craft of wood-carving.
مهارت؛ هنرمندی

2 (plural craft ) a boat or ship: sailing craft.
کشتی؛ قایق

3 cunning or trickery: craft and deceit.
حیله گری؛ فریب

ˈcrafty
♦ adjective
cunning and sly.
مکار؛ حقه باز

ˈcraftily
♦ adverb
حیله گرانه

ˈcraftiness
♦ noun
مکر؛ حیله

ˈcraftsman [ˈkraːftsmən]
♦ noun
a person skilled at making things (especially by hand).
هنرور؛ صنعتگر

ˈcraftsmanship [ˈkraːfts-]
♦ noun
هنروری؛ استادی

Answer 116

A

1 relating to beauty and the study of beauty:
▪ The changes were made for purely aesthetic reasons.

2 designed in a beautiful way:
▪ factories that are aesthetic as well as functional

—aesthetically /-kli/ adverb:
▪ aesthetically pleasing
وابسته به زیبایی

Answer 117

A

♦ noun
1 the ball-shaped part of the stem of certain plants, eg onions, tulips etc , from which their roots grow.
پیاز

2 (also ˈlight bulb ) a pear-shaped glass globe surrounding the element of an electric light.
لامپ

3 the pear-shaped end of a thermometer.
بخش برآمدۀ حرارت سنج

ˈbulbous
♦ adjective
like a bulb, especially in shape: a bulbous nose.
گرد و گوشتالو

Answer 118

A

determined; “she was firmly resolved to be a doctor”; “single-minded in his determination to stop smoking”
(synonym) single-minded
مصمم
explained or answered; “mysteries solved and unsolved; problems resolved and unresolved”
(synonym) solved
حل کردن

Answer 119

A

1 [countable] the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else:
▪ The team’s priority is to win.
▪ With so little money available, repairs must remain a low priority.

a top/high/first etc. priority
▪ Balancing the budget is our number one priority.

2 [singular, uncountable] the right to be given attention before other people or things:
▪ List your tasks in order of priority.
give somebody/something priority

▪ Restaurant seating is limited and hotel guests are given priority.

have/take/get priority (over something/somebody)
▪ It’s normal among teenagers for socializing to take priority over schoolwork.

put/place a (high) priority on something
▪ We place a high priority on learning at this establishment.

▪ Governments should place a higher priority on reducing global warming.

3 get your priorities straight/right etc. to form a clear idea of what is most important or urgent:
▪ I need to take a little time off just to get my priorities in order.

—priority adjective [only before noun]

Answer 120

A

♦ noun
1 trouble or fuss: It’s such a hassle to get to work on time: Travelling with children is such a hassle.
زحمت

2 a fight or argument: I got into a bit of a hassle with a couple of thugs.
کشمکش؛ درگیری

♦ verb
1 to argue or fight: It seemed pointless to hassle over such a small matter.
مشاجره كردن

2 to annoy (a person): I don’t like people hassling me.
اذيت كردن

Answer 121

A

designed to decorate something:
▪ ornamental vases
زینتی؛ تزیینی

Answer 122

A

a round handle that you turn to open a door

دستگیره در

Answer 123

A

1 without being affected by different situations, problems etc.
+ of
▪ The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.

2 if you continue doing something regardless, you do it in spite of difficulties or people telling you not to:
▪ I’m leaving in ten days, regardless.

+ of
▪ He does what he wants, regardless of what I say.
صرف نظر از …

Answer 124

A

1 the opinion, belief, or feeling you have about someone or something because of the way they seem
+ of
▪ What’s your impression of Hal?
have/get the impression (that)
▪ I got the impression that he wasn’t very happy.
good/bad/favorable etc. impression
▪ It’s important to make a good impression at your interview.
false/wrong impression
▪ The report gave the false impression that the disease had been cured.
▪ My first impression (=my opinion when I first saw something) was that the car was fun to drive.
2 be under the impression that… to believe that something is true when it is not true:
▪ Sorry, I was under the impression that you were the manager.
3 the act of copying the speech or behavior of a famous person in order to make people laugh SYN imitation
+ of
▪ Sandy does a pretty good impression of Madonna.
4 a mark left by pressing something into a soft surface:
▪ An impression of a heel was left in the mud.
5 all the copies of a book printed at one time

Answer 125

A

♦ noun
a person or thing equivalent to another in position etc : American teenagers and their British counterparts.
همتا

Answer 126

A

♦ noun
1 something made for a purpose, eg a tool or instrument: a device for opening cans.
اسباب؛ ابزار

2 a plan or system of doing something, sometimes involving trickery: This is a device for avoiding income tax.
نقشه؛ ترفند

device , unlike advice , can be used in the plural: ingenious devices .

devise is a verb: to devise a scheme .

Answer 127

A

relating to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something:
▪ cognitive psychology
—cognitively adverb
شناختی

Answer 128

A

frustration

Answer 129

A

passionate

Answer 130

A

nonetheless

Answer 131

A

illustrate

Answer 132

A

aesthetic

Answer 133

A

enthusiast

Answer 134

A

ornamental

Answer 135

A

regardless

Answer 136

A

impression

Answer 137

A

counterpart

Answer 138

A

cognitive

Answer 139

A

1 [singular, uncountable] the desire to learn about something or to know something:
▪ The children were full of curiosity.
حس کنجکاوی

+ about
▪ Most people have great curiosity about how nature works.
▪ Renee went to the auction just out of curiosity.
▪ I had to open the envelope to satisfy my curiosity.

pique/spark/arouse somebody’s curiosity (=make someone curious about something)

2 [countable] something that is interesting because it is unusual or strange:
▪ a house full of old maps and other curiosities

3 curiosity killed the cat: used to tell someone not to ask questions about something that does not concern them

Answer 140

A

♦ adverb
(referring to something mentioned immediately before or after) in this or that way or manner: He spoke thus;
Thus, he was able to finish the work quickly.
بدین گونه؛ بدین ترتیب

Answer 141

A

♦ verb
1 to look after for a period of time; to bring up a child that is not one’s own: She fostered the children for several months.
پرورش دادن

2 to encourage or give help to (ideas etc ): She fostered the child’s talents.
انگیزاندن

ˈfoster-brother, *ˈfoster-sister
♦ nouns
a child that has been fostered in another child’s family.
خواهر خوانده؛ برادر خوانده
ˈfoster-child
♦ noun
a child fostered by a family.
بچه ای که به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفته شده
ˈfoster-parent (ˈfoster-father, *ˈfoster-mother)
♦ noun
a person who looks after a child not his or her own.
والدینی که سرپرستی بچه ای را به عهده دارند

Answer 142

A

cheerful compliance; “he expressed his willingness to help”

تمایل

Answer 143

A

♦ verb
to keep doing, thinking etc in spite of opposition or difficulty; to continue asking, persuading etc : It will not be easy but you will succeed if you persist; He didn’t want to tell her, but she persisted (in asking).
ایستادگی کردن؛ پافشاری کردن

perˈsistent
♦ adjective
She was persistent in her demands/denials; persistent questions.
مصر؛ سرسخت

perˈsistently
♦ adverb
با سماجت

perˈsistence
♦ noun
ایستادگی؛ سماجت

Answer 144

A

♦ noun
an example, especially of a condition or circumstance: As a social worker, he saw many instances of extreme poverty.
نمونه

for instance
for example: Some birds, penguins for instance, cannot fly at all.
مثلاً

Answer 145

A

♦ noun
1 especially formerly, an extremely infectious and deadly disease, especially one carried by fleas from rats.
طاعون

2 a large and annoying quantity: a plague of flies.
هجوم

♦ verb
to annoy or pester continually or frequently: The child was plaguing her with questions.
به ستوه آوردن

Answer 146

A

♦ noun
1 a part of some plants, insects etc, eg nettles and wasps, that can prick and inject an irritating or poisonous fluid into the wound.
خار

2 an act of piercing with this part: Some spiders give a poisonous sting.
نيش

3 the wound, swelling, or pain caused by this: You can soothe a wasp sting by putting vinegar on it.
جاي گزيدگي

♦ verb– past tense, past participle stung [staŋ] –
1 to wound or hurt by means of a sting: The child was badly stung by nettles/mosquitoes; Do those insects sting?
نيش زدن

2 (of a wound, or a part of the body) to smart or be painful: The salt water made his eyes sting.
به درد آوردن

Answer 147

A

1 if something such as a cost or amount offsets another cost or amount or you offset them, the two things have an opposite effect and so the situation remains the same:
▪ Rising costs for jet fuel were partially offset by higher air fares.
خنثی کردن
جبران کردن
متعادل کردن

offset something against something
▪ You can offset your travel expenses against your taxes.

2 to cause balance in a situation by having the opposite effect to something else:
▪ Maria’s sense of humor offsets her serious nature.

Answer 148

A

a statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something
+ of
▪ an expert’s appraisal of the antique clock
▪ I took the necklace to a jewelry store for appraisal.

Answer 149

A

♦ verb
to bear or endure; to put up with: I couldn’t tolerate his rudeness.
تحمل کردن

ˈtolerable
♦ adjective
1 able to be borne or endured: The heat was barely tolerable.
قابل تحمل

2 quite good: The food was tolerable.
نسبتاً خوب

ˈtolerance
♦ noun
1 the ability to be fair and understanding to people whose ways, opinions etc are different from one’s own: We should always try to show tolerance to other people.
بردباری

2 the ability to resist the effects of eg a drug: If you take a drug regularly, your body gradually acquires a tolerance of it.
سازگاری

ˈtolerant
♦ adjective
showing tolerance: He’s very tolerant towards his neighbours.
بردبار

ˈtolerantly
♦ adverb
با شکیبایی

ˌtoleˈration
♦ noun
1 the act of tolerating: His toleration of her behaviour amazed me.
بردباری؛ تحمل

2 tolerance, especially in religious matters: The government passed a law of religious toleration.
جایز شماری؛ پذیرش

Answer 150

A

to choose one thing or one course of action instead of another
+ for
▪ Some 700 students have opted for a major in engineering.

opt to do something
▪ While Jan went sailing, I opted to bike into town.

opt in (phrasal verb)
to decide to join a group, system etc. that other people are involved in
opt into something (phrasal verb)
to decide to join a group, system etc. that other people are involved in :
▪ Employees can opt into the insurance plan.

opt out (phrasal verb)
1 to choose not to do something, or not to become involved in something that other people are doing
+ of
▪ You can’t just opt out of all responsibility for your own child!

2 to decide not to join a group, system, or action
+ of
▪ Miller opted out of military service for religious reasons.

Answer 151

A

1 [singular, uncountable] the quality of remaining faithful to your friends, principles, country etc.:
▪ a family with a strong sense of loyalty

+ to/toward
▪ Readers feel a strong loyalty to their local newspaper.
2 [countable usually plural] a feeling of support for someone or something:
▪ political loyalties
▪ During World War II, many families in the region had divided loyalties (=loyalty to two different or opposing people, groups etc.).

somebody’s loyalties lie/are with something
▪ As a lawyer, my loyalties are with my client.

Answer 152

A

♦ verb
1 to annoy or make angry: The children’s chatter irritated him.
اذیت کردن

2 to make (a part of the body) sore, red, itchy etc : Soap can irritate a baby’s skin.
متورم کردن

ˈirritable
♦ adjective
easily annoyed: He was in an irritable mood.
زود رنج

ˈirritably
♦ adverb
با اخم و تخم

ˌirritaˈbility
♦ noun
تند خویی

ˈirritableness
♦ noun
زود خشمی

ˈirritating
♦ adjective
She has an irritating voice.
آزار دهنده

ˌirriˈtation
♦ noun
اذیت

Answer 153

A

a piece of electrical equipment such as a stove or washing machine, used in people’s homes
►see thesaurus box at machine
وسیله؛ اسباب

Answer 154

A

♦ noun
1 (a short sentence or phrase which expresses) a principle of behaviour etc : `Honesty is the best policy’ is my motto; a school motto.
شعاروپند

2 a printed saying etc , often found inside a Christmas cracker.
حکمت

Answer 155

A

♦ noun
a usually small tool, machine etc : a useful gadget for loosening bottle lids.
وسیله مکانیکی

Answer 156

A

♦ verb
1 to give (money, help etc ) along with others: Have you contributed (any money) to this charity?; I’ve been contributing (articles) to this paper for many years.
اهدا کردن؛ کمک کردن

2 (with to) to help to cause to happen: His gambling contributed to his downfall.
موجب شدن

ˌcontriˈbution [kon-]
♦ noun
1 the act of contributing.
اعطا؛ کمک

2 something contributed, especially money: Would you like to make a contribution to this charity?
هر چیز اهدا شده

conˈtributor
♦ noun
اعانه دهنده

Answer 157

A

curiosity

Answer 158

A

willingness

Answer 159

A

appraisal

Answer 160

A

appliance

Answer 161

A

contribute

Answer 162

A

1maple [countable] a tree that grows in northern countries, that has pointed leaves that turn red or yellow in the fall
2 [uncountable] the wood from this tree

Answer 163

A

♦ verb
1 to allow to pass down the throat to the stomach: Try to swallow the pill; His throat was so painful that he could hardly swallow.
put food into your mouth, and chew and swallow it
بلعيدن

2 to accept (eg a lie or insult) without question or protest: You’ll never get her to swallow that story!
زود باور كردن

♦ noun
an act of swallowing.
بلع

swallow one’s pride
to behave humbly eg by making an apology.
متواضعانه خواهش كردن

swallow up
to cause to disappear completely: She was swallowed up in the crowd.
ناپديد شدن

Answer 164

A

♦ verb
1 to make (usually oneself) familiar (with): You must acquaint yourself with the routine of the office.
There is a campaign by people ho are passionate about records to get other people reacquainted with their local record shops.
آشنا ساختن

2 to inform (a person) of: Have you acquainted her with your plans?
مطلع کردن

acquaintance
♦ noun
1 a person whom one knows slightly.
آشنا

2 (with with ) knowledge: My acquaintance with the works of Shakespeare is slight.
آشنایی

be acquainted with
to know or be familiar with: I’m not acquainted with her father.
آشنا بودن با

make someone’s acquaintance
to get to know someone: I made her acquaintance when on holiday in France.
با کسی آشنا شدن

Answer 165

A

Noun

excessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part
(hypernym) symptom
(hyponym) hydrothorax
excessive crowding; “traffic congestion”
(synonym) over-crowding
(hypernym) crowding
(derivation) clog, choke off, clog up, back up, congest, choke, foul

Answer 166

A

♦ noun
a person who watches (an event): Fifty thousand spectators came to the match.
Dance Island surprised spectators at today’s race.
تماشاچي

specˈtate
♦ verb
to be a spectator (at an event).

Answer 167

A

♦ verb
1 to take or accept as true: I assume (that) you’d like time to decide.
فرض کردن؛ پنداشتن

2 to take upon oneself or accept (authority, responsibility etc ): He assumed the rôle of leader in the emergency.
به عهده گرفتن؛ تقبل کردن

3 to put on (a particular appearance etc ): He assumed a look of horror.
وانمود کردن؛ به خود گرفتن

asˈsumed
♦ adjective
pretended; not genuine: assumed astonishment; He wrote under an assumed name (= not using his real name).
فرضی؛ غیرواقعی

asˈsumption [-ˈsamp-]
♦ noun
something assumed: On the assumption that we can produce four pages an hour, the work will be finished tomorrow.
فرض

Answer 168

A

making you feel afraid or nervous:
▪ The crime rate in this city is frightening.
▪ Going into the hospital can be very frightening.

it is frightening to do something
▪ It’s frightening to think that such evil people exist.
→ see Word Choice box at adjective

—frighteningly adverb:
▪ The ice seemed frighteningly thin.

Answer 169

A

1 a cover for a pot, box etc : He lifted the lid of the box and looked inside.
Kettle is a container with a lid, handle, and spout
سرپوش

2 an eyelid: The infection has not affected the eye itself although the lid is swollen.
پلک چشم

Answer 170

A

1 spout: a small tube or pipe on a container that you pour liquid out through:
▪ the spout of a teapot/kettle
چرنه

2 a sudden strong stream of liquid that comes out of somewhere very fast → see also waterspout
فواره

Answer 171

A

اتاق‌خواب

Answer 172

A

a sports competition in which competitors run, swim, and ride a bicycle for long distances

● (مسابقه‌ی ورزشی شامل شنا و دوچرخه سواری و دو) ورزش‌های سه گانه

Answer 173

A

past participle sipped –
♦ verb
to drink in very small mouthfuls.
If you want to sip coffee in a café, go to Vienna. 
جرعه جرعه نوشيدن

♦ noun
a very small mouthful: She took a sip of the medicine.
جرعه

Answer 174

A

1 extremely good or impressive SYN marvelous:
▪ You look fabulous!
▪ a fabulous meal

2 [only before noun] formal unusually large SYN huge:
▪ The painting was sold for a fabulous sum.

3 literary [only before noun] fabulous creatures, places etc. are mentioned in traditional stories, but do not really exist

Answer 175

A

a type of alternative medicine in which areas of the feet are touched or rubbed in order to cure or help a medical problem in another part of the body
In reflexology, maps have been drawn to illustrate which body organ is linked to which part of the sole of the foot.
بازتاب‌شناسی؛ عکس‌العمل‌شناسی

Answer 176

A

♦ noun
1 the underside of the foot, the part on which one stands and walks.
كف پا

2 the flat surface of a boot or shoe that covers this part of the foot.
كف كفش

Answer 177

A

1 the action or activity of making clothes, blankets etc. out of thread or yarn using knitting needles
Knitting have become a fashionable leisure pursuit.
بافندگی

2 something that is being knitted:
▪ Penny sat down with her knitting.

Answer 178

A

1 [uncountable] the act of trying to achieve something in a determined way
+ of
▪ the pursuit of truth and justice
▪ Some reporters will do anything in the pursuit of a story.
Knitting have become a fashionable leisure pursuit.

2 [uncountable] the act of chasing or following someone:
▪ Two police cars took off in pursuit (=following behind) of the robbers.
▪ Liz ran out the front door, with Tony in hot pursuit (=following close behind).

3 [countable usually plural] formal an activity such as a sport or hobby, which you spend a lot of time doing:
▪ leisure pursuits

Answer 179

A

♦ adjective
1 not bright or distinct: a dim light in the distance; a dim memory.
A dim light came from a tiny electric bulb.
تار؛ مبهم

2 (of a person) not intelligent: She’s a bit dim!
کم هوش؛ خنگ

♦ verb– past tense, past participle dimmed –
to make or become dim: Tears dimmed her eyes; He dimmed the lights in the theatre.
کم سو کردن؛ کم نور کردن

ˈdimly
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

ˈdimness
♦ noun
ابهام؛ کم نوری

Answer 180

A

♦ noun
an official licence from the government giving one person or business the right to make and sell a particular article and to prevent others from doing the same: She took out a patent on her design; (also adjective ) a patent process.
جواز حق انحصاری

♦ verb
to obtain a patent for; He patented his new invention.
Edison patented everything from the first phonograph player to the first practical light bulb.
به ثبت رساندن

patent ˈleather shoes
♦ noun
shoes made of shiny leather.
کفش ورنی

Answer 181

A

bedchamber

Answer 182

A

spectator

Answer 183

A

triathlon

Answer 184

A

acquainte (with)

Answer 185

A

congestion

Answer 186

A

frightening

Answer 187

A

reflexology

Answer 188

A

گرامافون

Answer 189

A

♦ verb
1 to make known: All their secrets have been revealed.
افشا کردن

2 to show; to allow to be seen: He scraped away the top layer of paint from the picture, revealing an earlier painting underneath.
Apple has revealed plans for a new device.
نشان دادن؛ ظاهر کردن

reˈvealing
♦ adjective
allowing or causing something to be known or seen: a revealing statement.
هشدار دهنده؛ یاد آوری کننده

Answer 190

A

Adjective
small and light enough to be operated while you hold it in your hands; “a hand-held computer”
دستی

Answer 191

A

all the waiters and waitresses that work at a restaurant

خدمه‌ی رستوران

Answer 192

A

♦ noun
a group of singers: He used to sing in the church choir.
دستۀ خوانندگان

Answer 193

A

adjective
that uses electrical energy economically
energy-efficient appliances
مصرف بهینه

Answer 194

A

♦ adjective
1 (of a person) capable; skilful: a very efficient secretary.

لایق؛ کارامد
2 (of an action, tool etc ) producing (quick and) satisfactory results: The new lawn mower is much more efficient than the old one.
موثر؛ ثمربخش

efˈficiently
♦ adverb
بطور موثر

efˈficiency
♦ noun
کارآیی؛ بازده

Answer 195

A

1 a piece of equipment that is used to heat a house or building

2 a large container in which a very hot fire is made, to produce power or heat, or to melt metals → see also blast furnace

3 be (like) a furnace to be extremely hot

Answer 196

A

♦ noun
a part of a payment, tax etc which is given back to the person paying it.
They are encouraging the use of energy-efficient appliances bu offering $5 million in rebates to residents who buy energy-efficient furnaces.
تخفیف دادن؛ بخشی از مبلغ را پس دادن

Answer 197

A

someone who makes sure that the rules are followed in sports such as football, basketball
He found the referee’s decisions frustrating.
داور

Answer 198

A

♦ noun
1 a line of people, vehicles etc moving forward in order often as a celebration of some event: a circus parade.
رژه

2 an arrangement of soldiers in a particular order: The troops are on parade.
رژه

♦ verb
1 to march in a line moving forward in order: They paraded through the town.
رژه رفتن

2 to arrange soldiers in order: The colonel paraded his soldiers.
به صف کردن

3 to show or display in an obvious way: She paraded her new clothes in front of her friends.
به رخ کشیدن

Answer 199

A

1 including all types of people; OPP exclusive
+ of
▪ Churches needed to be more inclusive of women

2 including all the possible information, parts, numbers etc.; OPP exclusive:
The cruise price was all inclusive for everything on the ship.
▪ The list is not all-inclusive.

Answer 200

A

past participle nagged –
♦ verb
(often with at ) to complain or criticize continually: She nags (at) her husband about their lack of money.
Although my mother never nagged, she still managed to be persist and normally got what she wanted.
غر زدن

ˈnagging
♦ adjective
continuously troublesome: a nagging worry/pain.
خرده گیری

Answer 201

A

1 [countable usually plural] a piece of equipment that is attached inside a house or building, such as an electric light or a toilet, and is sold as part of the house
fixture with bare bulbs
لوازم نصب‌کردنی؛ اثاثه ثابت

2 be a (permanent) fixture to be always present and not likely to move or go away:
▪ He is a permanent fixture of the Washington political and social scene.
چیز ثابت

Answer 202

A

♦ adjective
1 uncovered or naked: bare skin; bare floors.
لخت؛ برهنه

2 empty: bare shelves.
خالی

3 of trees etc , without leaves.
بی برگ

4 worn thin: The carpet is a bit bare.
کهنه؛ نخ نما

5 basic; essential: the bare necessities of life.
ابتدایی؛ ضروری

♦ verb
to uncover: The dog bared its teeth in anger.
آشکار کردن؛ نشان دادن

ˈbarely
♦ adverb
scarcely or only just: We have barely enough food.
ناچیز؛ به سختی

ˈbareness
♦ noun
عریانی؛ لختی

ˈbareback
♦ adverb
♦ adjective
without a saddle: I enjoy riding bareback.
بدون زین

ˈbarefaced
♦ adjective
openly impudent: a barefaced lie.
بی شرم؛ وقیح

ˈbarefoot(ed)
♦ adjective,
♦ adverb
not wearing shoes or socks etc : The children go barefoot on the beach.
پابرهنه

ˌbareˈheaded
♦ adjective,
♦ adverb
not wearing a hat etc .
بی کلاه

Answer 203

A

♦ adjective
glowing white with heat.
incandescent bulb
تابنده؛ ملتهب

Answer 204

A

♦ adjective
fitted neatly together in a small space: Our new house is very compact.
متراکم؛ جمع و جور

[ˈkompӕkt]noun
a small container for women’s face-powder: a powder-compact with a mirror.
جعبه لوازم آرایش

Answer 205

A

phonograph

Answer 206

A

introduce

Answer 207

A

waitstaff

Answer 208

A

energy-efficient

Answer 209

A

efficient

Answer 210

A

commitment

Answer 211

A

(all) inclusive

Answer 212

A

incandescent

Answer 213

A

نمایشگاه صنایع دستی

Answer 214

A

♦ verb
to cause or give rise to (something): His actions aroused my suspicions.
The actions of the man in the library aroused my curiosity.
برانگیختن؛ تحریک کردن

Answer 215

A

♦ verb
to say what is wrong (with a sick person etc ) after making an examination; to identify (an illness etc ): The doctor diagnosed her illness as flu.
تشخیص دادن بیماری

ˌdiagˈnosis [-sis]– plural diagˈnoses [-siːz] –
♦ noun
a conclusion reached by diagnosing: What diagnosis did the doctor make?
تشخیص بیماری

Answer 216

A

1 medicine: a very small machine that is attached to someone’s heart to help it beat regularly
دستگاه تنظیم‌کننده ضربان قلب

2 a pacesetter

3 biology: a part of the muscle in the right atrium of the heart which sends out a regular pattern of electrical signals that make the heart beat regularly

Answer 217

A

medicine a small plastic tube containing medicine that you inhale in order to make breathing easier
اسپری (درمانی)

Answer 218

A

♦ noun
1 an act of tackling: a rugby tackle.
تکل

2 equipment, especially for fishing: fishing tackle.
نخ و قرقره

3 ropes, pulleys etc for lifting heavy weights: lifting tackle.
بالابر

4 in sailing, the ropes, rigging etc of a boat.
طناب و بادبان ها و قرقره های کشتی

♦ verb
1 to try to grasp or seize (someone): The policeman tackled the thief.
گرفتن

2 to deal with or try to solve (a problem); to ask (someone) about a problem: He tackled the problem; She tackled the teacher about her child’s work.
از عهده برآمدن

3 in football, hockey etc , to (try to) take the ball etc from (a player in the other team): He tackled his opponent.
تکل کردن

Answer 219

A

1 rush/plunge headlong into something: to start doing something too quickly, without thinking carefully about it first SYN headfirst:
▪ Stockbrokers should prevent their clients from plunging headlong into trouble.

2 falling with your head going first and the rest of your body following SYN headfirst:
▪ Miller slid headlong into second base.

—headlong adjective

Answer 220

A

♦ adjective
slightly mocking: a wry smile.
wry humor
کنایه آمیز؛ شیطنت آمیز

ˈwryly
♦ adverb
به طور غیر عادی

Answer 221

A

♦ adjective
of the countryside: a rural area.
روستایی؛ رعیتی

Answer 222

A

♦ noun
1 a dramatic performance made up of different, usually historical scenes, often performed during a procession: The children performed a historical pageant.
نمایش تاریخی یا مذهبی

2 any fine show or display: a pageant of colour.
نمایش با شکوه

ˈpageantry
♦ noun
splendid and colourful show or display: I love the pageantry of royal processions.
مراسم با شکوه

Answer 223

A

♦ noun
1 a person who has (just) joined the army, air force etc .
سرباز؛ سرباز جدید

2 a person who has (just) joined a society, group etc : Our party needs new recruits before the next election.
عضو جدید

♦ verb
to cause to join the army, a society etc : We must recruit more troops; Can’t you recruit more members to the music society?
سرباز گرفتن؛ به خدمت سربازی در آمدن

reˈcruitment
♦ noun
استخدام؛ سرباز گیری

Answer 224

A

1 [countable] a club at a college or university that has only male members → see also sorority
▪ He was president of his college fraternity.
انجمن برادری

2 [uncountable] a feeling of friendship between members of a group:
▪ fraternity between nations

3 the educational/scientific etc. fraternity all the people who work in a particular profession:
▪ the views of the medical fraternity

Answer 225

A

a club for women students at some colleges and universities

خواهری؛ انجمن خواهری

Answer 226

A

♦ verb
to make or grow larger; to spread out wider: Metals expand when heated; He does exercises to expand his chest; The school’s activities have been expanded to include climbing and mountaineering.
گسترده کردن؛ پهن کردن

exˈpanse [-s]
♦ noun
a wide area or extent: an expanse of water.
گستره

exˈpansion [-ʃən]
♦ noun
the act or state of expanding: the expansion of metals.
گسترش؛ انبساط

Answer 227

A

♦ verb
1 to connect in the mind: He always associated the smell of tobacco with his father.
تداعی کردن

2 (usually with with ) to join (with someone) in friendship or work: They don’t usually associate (with each other) after office hours.
رابطه داشتن؛ همنشینی کردن

[-et]adjective
1 having a lower position or rank: an associate professor.
دستیار؛ معاون

2 joined or connected: associate organizations.
متحد؛ یکپارچه

♦ noun
a colleague or partner; a companion.
شریک؛ همدم

association
♦ noun
1 a club, society etc .
انجمن

2 a friendship or partnership.
همکاری؛ همنشینی
3 a connection in the mind: The house had associations with her dead husband.
تداعی

in association with
together with: We are acting in association with the London branch of our firm.
با همراهی؛ درکنار

Answer 228

A

the quality of being simple and not complicated, especially when this is attractive or useful:
▪ The design was beautiful in its simplicity.
▪ For the sake of simplicity, the task is divided into three parts.
▪ The solution was simplicity itself (=was very simple).

Answer 229

A

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste
ظرافت؛ ریزه‌کاری؛ زیبایی؛ لطافت
وقار

Answer 230

A

craft fair

Answer 231

A

pacemaker

Answer 232

A

headlong = headfirst

Answer 233

A

fraternity

Answer 234

A

associate

Answer 235

A

simplicity

Answer 236

A

♦ verb
1 to come or bring to an end: to conclude a meeting; He concluded by thanking everyone.
پایان دادن

2 to come to believe: We concluded that you weren’t coming.
نتیجه گیری کردن

conˈclusion [-ʒən]
♦ noun
1 an end: the conclusion of his speech.
بخش آخر؛ پایان

2 a judgement: I came to the conclusion that the house was empty.
نتیجه گیری؛ برداشت

conˈclusive [-siv]
♦ adjective
convincing: conclusive proof.
قاطع

conˈclusively
♦ adverb
بطور قاطع

conˈclusiveness
♦ noun
قطعیت

Answer 237

A

در نظر می‌گیرد

Answer 238

A

takes in consideration

Answer 239

A

♦ verb
1 to fall down and break into pieces: The bridge collapsed under the weight of the traffic.
در هم شکسته شدن

2 (of a person) to fall down especially unconscious, because of illness, shock etc : She collapsed with a heart attack.
از حال رفتن؛ غش کردن

3 to break down, fail: The talks between the two countries have collapsed.
با شکست روبرو شدن؛ بی نتیجه ماندن

4 to fold up or to (cause to) come to pieces (intentionally): Do these chairs collapse?
تا شدن؛ جمع شدن

colˈlapsible
♦ adjective
able to be folded up etc : These chairs are collapsible.
تا شدنی

Answer 240

A

biology: relating to or using your senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch:
▪ sensory deprivation
Sensory side of our nature

Answer 241

A

♦ adjective
1 able to think, reason and judge etc : Man is a rational animal.
عاقل

2 sensible; reasonable; logical; not (over-) influenced by emotions etc : There must be a rational explanation for those strange noises
These are as important as rational thinking.
منطقی

ˈrationally
♦ adverb
به طور منطقی

ˌrationˈality
♦ noun
منطقی بودن؛ پیروی از عقل

Answer 242

A

a machine that provides a particular amount of a product or substance when you press a button or put money into it:
▪ a soap dispenser
▪ a candy dispenser

Answer 243

A

♦ noun
stories etc which tell of imagined, not real, characters and events (see also non-fiction ): I prefer reading fiction to hearing about real events.

هر چیز تخیلی

ˈfictional
♦ adjective
تخیلی

fictitious [fikˈtiʃəs]
♦ adjective
1 not true: a fictitious account.
غیر واقعی

2 not real or based on fact: All the characters in the book are fictitious.
خیالی

Answer 244

A

past participle trekked –
♦ verb
to make a long, hard journey.
آهسته و با زحمت مسافرت کردن

♦ noun
a long, hard journey: a trek through the mountains; a trek round the supermarket.
مسافرت دشوار؛ راه پیمایی دشوار

Answer 245

A

♦ verb
1 to estimate or judge the quality or quantity of: Can you assess my chances of winning?
برآورد کردن؛ ارزیابی کردن

2 to estimate in order to calculate tax due on: My income has been assessed wrongly.
مالیات بستن

asˈsessment
♦ noun
ارزیابی

asˈsessor
♦ noun
ارزیاب

Answer 246

A

[ˈbroːdkaːst]– past tense, past participle ˈbroadcast –
♦ verb
1 to send out (radio and TV programmes etc ): He broadcasts regularly.
The original television series was first broadcast from 1966 to 1969.
پخش کردن

2 to make (something) widely known.
پراکندن اطلاعات

♦ noun
a television or radio programme: I heard his broadcast last night.
برنامه

ˈbroadcaster
♦ noun
سخنگو؛ گوینده

ˈbroadcasting
♦ noun
پخش

Answer 247

A

♦ noun
1 a tiny red-hot piece thrown off by something burning, or when two very hard (eg metal) surfaces are struck together: Sparks were being thrown into the air from the burning building.
جرقه

2 an electric current jumping across a gap: a spark from a faulty light-socket.
جرقه ي الكتريكي

3 a trace (eg of life, humour): a spark of enthusiasm.
رد پا

♦ verb
1 to give off sparks.
جرقه زدن

2 (often with off ) to start (a row, disagreement etc ): Their action sparked off a major row.
This sparked the “Trekkie” phenomenon.
آغاز كردن

Answer 248

A

♦ noun
a natural fact or event that is seen or happens regularly or frequently: Magnetic attraction is an interesting phenomenon.
This sparked the “Trekkie” phenomenon.
پدیده

pheˈnomenal
♦ adjective
very unusual; remarkable: a phenomenal amount of money.
خارق العاده؛ چشمگیر

pheˈnomenally
♦ adverb
بطور خارق العاده

Answer 249

A

1 a building, movie, design etc. that is futuristic is so unusual and modern in appearance that it looks as if it belongs in the future instead of the present time:
▪ the car’s futuristic styling
futuristic gadgets found in the various episodes

2 futuristic ideas, books etc. imagine what may happen in the future, especially through scientific developments:
▪ a futuristic thriller starring Bruce Willis
مربوط به آینده

Answer 250

A

♦ noun
a usually small tool, machine etc : a useful gadget for loosening bottle lids.
futuristic gadgets found in the various episodes

وسیله مکانیکی

Answer 251

A

♦ adjective
1 different; varied: His reasons for leaving were many and various.
متفاوت

2 several: Various people have told me about you.
مختلف

ˈvariously
♦ adverb
بطور متنوع یا متفاوت

Answer 252

A

dispenser

Answer 253

A

broadcast

Answer 254

A

phenomenon

Answer 255

A

futuristic

Answer 256

A

♦ adjective
able to be done: a feasible solution to the problem.
Time-travel machines are not currently feasible
عملی

feasiˈbility
♦ noun
احتمال؛ امکان

Answer 257

A

1 able to be successful or be done successfully:
▪ a viable presidential candidate
Some equipments seem viable and may developed during our lifetimes.
قابل دوام؛ مناسب رشد و ترقی؛ ماندنی

a viable alternative/option/solution
▪ No one has offered a viable alternative to the plan.
economically/commercially/politically etc. viable
▪ a commercially viable business

2 technical able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing:
▪ viable embryos
زیست‌پذیر؛ زنده‌ماندنی

—viability /ˌvaɪəˈbɪlət̮i/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 258

A

a type of photograph made with a laser, that looks as if it is not flat when you look at it from an angle

—holographic /ˌhoʊləˈɡræfɪk, ˌhɑ-/ adjective

—holography /hoʊˈlɑɡrəfi/ noun [uncountable]

عکس برجسته‌نما

Answer 259

A

not real, but made to look, feel etc. like a real thing, situation, or feeling:
▪ simulated leather
▪ a simulated space flight
simulated realities
شبیه‌ساخته؛ شبیه‌سازی‌ شده
قلابی؛ صوری

Answer 260

A

1 the fact of being completely involved in something you are doing
+ in
▪ her immersion in feminist politics

2 the action of immersing something in liquid, or the state of being immersed

3 the language teaching method in which the teacher and students use only the new language the students are learning, and not their own language:
▪ Spanish immersion classes

4 a type of baptism (=a ceremony to show that you belong to the Christian faith) in which someone’s whole body is put into water

Answer 261

A

♦ verb
(of two or more people, things etc ) to act, or have some effect, on each other.
It allows people to come together and interact without leaving their own physical location.
تاثیر متقابل داشتن

ˌinterˈaction [-ʃən]
♦ noun
فعل و انفعال

ˌinterˈactive [-iv]
♦ adjective
allowing a continuous exchange of information between a computer and the person using it, so that the computer can respond immediately to the user’s instructions or questions: an interactive system/program; interactive video games.
هم کنشی

Answer 262

A

♦ adjective
1 doubtful: I am dubious about the wisdom of this action.
many of Star Trek technologies seemed dubious or impossible only a few decades ago
مردد

2 probably not honest: dubious behaviour.
مبهم؛ نا آشکار

dubiety [djuˈbaiəti]
♦ noun
(formal ) doubt; dubiousness.
تردید

ˈdubiousness
♦ noun
doubtfulness.
شک و تردید

Answer 263

A

important, interesting, excellent, or unusual enough to be noticed SYN noteworthy:
▪ a notable achievement
the most notable gadget was the handheld flip-open communicator.

+ for
▪ The music is notable for its complexity.

notable example/case/feature
▪ a notable example of this painter’s work

Answer 264

A

♦ verb– past tense, past participle flipped –
1 to throw (something) in the air (so that it turns): They flipped a coin to see which side it landed on.
به هوا پراندن

2 (sometimes with over ) to turn over quickly: She flipped over the pages of the book.
ورق زدن

♦ noun
an act of flipping.
پرتاب

Answer 265

A

♦ verb
to order to come or appear: He was summoned to appear in court; The head teacher summoned her to his room; A meeting was summoned.
It was used by Captain Kirk to summon help.
احضار كردن

Answer 266

A

♦ noun
1 the group of people who work or operate a ship, aeroplane, bus etc.
Star Trek crew used tablets for reading and storing data.
خدمه

2 used jokingly, a group of people: What an odd crew!
دار و دسته

♦ verb
(usually with for ) to act as a crew member (for someone).
خدمت کردن

ˈcrewcut
♦ noun
a very short hairstyle.
موی بسیار کوتاه مردانه

Answer 267

A

♦ adjective
able to be carried, or moved easily from place to place: a portable radio.
It allowed portable and lightweight communication wherever a person was.
قابل حمل

portable computer
♦ noun
کامپیوتر کوچک و قابل حمل

Answer 268

A

♦ adjective
1 able to move: The van supplying country districts with library books is called a mobile library; The old lady is no longer mobile – she has to stay in bed all day.
The first mobile phones were hardly connected convenient.
متحرک

2 able to move or be moved quickly or easily: Most of the furniture is very light and mobile.
سیال

3 (of someone’s features or face) changing easily in expression.
تغییر پذیر

moˈbility [-ˈbi-]
♦ noun
تحرک

ˈmobilize, *ˈmobilise [-bi-]
♦ verb
to make (especially troops, an army etc ), or become, ready for use or action.
تجهیز کردن

ˌmobiliˈzation, *ˌmobiliˈsation [-bi-]
♦ noun
تجهیزات

mobile phone(also mobile) see cellular phone .

Answer 269

A

♦ adjective
1 suitable; not causing trouble or difficulty: When would it be convenient for me to come?
راحت؛ بی دردسر

2 easy to use, run etc : a convenient size of house.
مناسب؛ راحت

3 easy to reach etc ; accessible: Keep this in a convenient place.
در دسترس

conˈveniently
♦ adverb
بطور آسان

conˈvenience
♦ noun
1 the state or quality of being convenient; freedom from trouble or difficulty: the convenience of living near the office.
راحتی؛ آسودگی

2 any means of giving ease or comfort: the conveniences of modern life.
وسیلۀ رفاه؛ تسهیلات

3 (also public convenience ) a public lavatory.
مستراح همگانی

Answer 270

A

simulated

Answer 271

A

immersion

Answer 272

A

convenient

Answer 273

A

demonstrate

Answer 274

A

♦ verb
1 (often with to ) to make (people) known by name to each other: He introduced the guests (to each other); Let me introduce you to my mother; May I introduce myself? I’m John Brown.
معرفی کردن

2 (often with into ) to bring in (something new): Grey squirrels were introduced into Britain from Canada; Why did you introduce such a boring subject (into the conversation)?
Once the technology was introduced, it advanced until it was developed into the small cell phones we have today.
آوردن

3 to propose or put forward: He introduced a bill in Parliament for the abolition of income tax.
ارائه کردن

4 (with to ) to cause (a person) to get to know (a subject etc ): Children are introduced to algebra at about the age of eleven.
آشنا کردن با

ˌintroˈduction [-ˈdakʃən]
♦ noun
1 the act of introducing, or the process of being introduced: the introduction of new methods.
معرفی

2 an act of introducing one person to another: The hostess made the introductions and everyone shook hands.
معرفی

3 something written at the beginning of a book explaining the contents, or said at the beginning of a speech etc .
دیباچه

ˌintroˈductory [-ˈdaktəri]
♦ adjective
giving an introduction: He made a few introductory remarks about the film before showing it.
آشنا ساز

Answer 275

A

♦ noun
a part of a machine (eg a car), instrument (eg a radio) etc : He bought components for the television set he was repairing.
جزء ؛ سازه

Answer 276

A

as a matter of instinct; “he instinctively grabbed the knife”
(pertainym) natural, instinctive
You can instinctively answer.

به طور غیر ارادی؛ خود به خود

Answer 277

A

obscure
♦ adjective
1 not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.
تیره و تار

2 not well-known: an obscure author.
گمنام

3 difficult to understand: an obscure poem.
Some obscure reason.
غیر قابل درک

♦ verb
to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.
نامشخص کردن؛ تار کردن

obˈscurely
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

obˈscurity
♦ noun
تاریکی؛ ابهام

Answer 278

A

frantic
♦ adjective
1 anxious or very worried: The frantic mother searched for her child.
سراسیمه

2 wildly excited: the frantic pace of modern life.
Shopping at a frantic pace.
دیوانه وار

ˈfrantically
♦ adverb
با سراسیمگی

Answer 279

A

thrill [θril]
♦ verb
to (cause someone to) feel excitement: She was thrilled at/by the invitation.
ذوق زده شدن یا کردن

♦ noun
1 an excited feeling: a thrill of pleasure/expectation.
Happiness is the thrill of buying a new pair of shoes.
شور و شعف

2 something which causes this feeling: Meeting the Queen was a great thrill.
هر چیز شور انگیز

ˈthriller
♦ noun
an exciting novel or play, usually about crime, detectives etc : I always take a thriller to read on the train.
رمان یا نمایشنامه مهیج

ˈthrilling
♦ adjective
exciting.
هیجان انگیز

Answer 280

A

philosophy [fiˈlosəfi]– plural phiˈlosophies –
♦ noun
1 the search for knowledge and truth, especially about the nature of man and his behaviour and beliefs: moral philosophy.
Fields of philosophy.
فلسفه

2 a particular system of philosophical theories: I have a very simple philosophy (=attitude to life) – enjoy life!
اصول کلی

phiˈlosopher
♦ noun
a person who studies philosophy, especially one who develops a particular set of theories: Rousseau was a famous philosopher.
فیلسوف

ˌphiloˈsophical, *ˌphiloˈsophic [-ˈso-]
♦ adjective
1 of philosophy: a philosophical discussion; philosophical works.
فلسفی

2 (of a person) calm, not easily upset or worried: He’s had a lot of bad luck, but he’s philosophical about it.
خونسرد؛ آرام

ˌphiloˈsophically
♦ adverb
از نظر فلسفه؛ فیلسوفانه

phiˈlosophize, *phiˈlosophise
♦ verb
to think about or discuss the nature of man, the purpose of life etc : He spends all his time philosophizing and never does any work.
فلسفه پردازی کردن

Answer 281

A

♦ noun
something done; an act: a good deed.
عمل؛ کردار

Answer 282

A

reverse [rəˈvəːs]
♦ verb
1 to move backwards or in the opposite direction to normal: He reversed (the car) into the garage; He reversed the film through the projector.
دنده عقب گرفتن؛ برگرداندن؛

2 to put into the opposite position, state, order etc : This jacket can be reversed (= worn inside out).
بر عکس شدن؛یا کردن

3 to change (a decision, policy etc ) to the exact opposite: The man was found guilty, but the judges in the appeal court reversed the decision.
نقض کردن؛ لغو کردن

♦ noun
1 (also adjective ) (the) opposite: Are you hungry?' Quite the reverse – I’ve eaten far too much!’; I take the reverse point of view.
وارونه؛ بر عکس

2 a defeat; a piece of bad luck.
شکست؛ بد بیاری

3 (a mechanism eg one of the gears of a car etc which makes something move in) a backwards direction or a direction opposite to normal: He put the car into reverse; (also adjective ) a reverse gear.
خلاف جهت؛ دنده عقب

4 (also adjective ) (of) the back of a coin, medal etc : the reverse (side) of a coin.
طرف مقابل؛ پشت

reˈversal
♦ noun
a reversal of his previous decision.
نقض حکم؛ فسخ رای

reˈversed
♦ adjective
in the opposite state, position, order etc : Once he worked for me. Now our positions are reversed and I work for him.
واژگون؛ برعکس

reˈversible
♦ adjective
1 able to be reversed.
برگشت پذیر

2 (of clothes) able to be worn with either side out: Is that raincoat reversible?
دو رو
reverse the chargesto make a telephone call (a reverse-charge call)
which is paid for by the person who receives it instead of by the caller.
پول تلفن را به حساب گیرنده گذاشتن

Answer 283

A

hero [ˈhiərəu]– plural ˈheroes : feminine heroine [ˈherouin] –
♦ noun
1 a man or boy admired (by many people) for his brave deeds: The boy was regarded as a hero for saving his friend’s life.
قهرمان

2 the chief male person in a story, play etc : The hero of this book is a young American boy called Tom Sawyer.
قهرمان

heroic [hiˈrəuik]
♦ adjective
1 very brave: heroic deeds.
قهرمانانه

2 of heroes: heroic tales.
حماسی

heˈroically
♦ adverb
بطورقهرمانانه

heroism [ˈherəuizm]
♦ noun
great bravery: The policeman was given a medal in recognition of his heroism.
دليری

ˈhero-worship
♦ noun
very great, sometimes too great, admiration for a person.
قهرمان پرستی

♦ verb
to show such admiration for (someone): The boy hero-worshipped the footballer.
پرستیدن

the heroine (not heroin ) of the story.
hero [ˈhiərəu]– plural ˈheroes : feminine heroine [ˈherouin] –

Answer 284

A

courage [ˈkaridʒ, (American) ˈkə:-]
♦ noun
the quality that makes a person able to meet dangers without fear; bravery: It took courage to sail the Atlantic singlehanded.
جرأت؛ شجاعت

courageous [kəˈreidʒəs]
♦ adjective
having courage: a courageous soldier.
دلیر؛ پرجرأت

couˈrageously
♦ adverb
با شجاعت

Answer 285

A

vision [ˈviʒən]
♦ noun
1 something seen in the imagination or in a dream: God appeared to him in a vision.
رویا

2 the ability to see or plan into the future: Politicians should be men of vision.
بصیرت

3 the ability to see or the sense of sight: He is slowly losing his vision.
بینایی

Answer 286

A

adverb
as a result, therefore
بنابراین؛ در نتیجه

Answer 287

A

occur [əˈkəː]– past tense, past participle ocˈcurred –
♦ verb
1 to take place: The accident occurred yesterday morning.
اتفاق افتادن

2 (with to ) to come into one’s mind: An idea occurred to him; It occurred to me to visit my parents.
خطور کردن

3 to be found: Oil occurs under the sea.
یافت شدن

ocˈcurrence [-ˈka-, (American) -ˈkə:-]
♦ noun
a strange occurrence.
اتفاق
occurrence, ~occurred and occurring have two r s.

Answer 288

A

● نیمرخ،نیم نما
I saw her profile in the mirror
نیمرخ او را در آینه دیدم.

● نما
the profile of a distant mountain

نمای یک کوه دور دست

● شرح حال (مختصر و زنده)،تاریخچه
● (معماری) مقطع،برش عمودی
● نیمرخ کشیدن،نما کشیدن،برش عمودی رسم کردن
● شرح دادن

Answer 289

A

♦ noun
1 a line or row (especially of soldiers or taxis): The officer ordered the front rank to fire.
ردیف؛ خط

2 (in the army, navy etc ) a person’s position of importance: He was promoted to the rank of sergeant/colonel.
رتبه؛ درجه

3 a social class: the lower social ranks.
شان؛ منزلت

♦ verb
to have, or give, a place in a group, according to importance: I would rank him among our greatest writers; Apes rank above dogs in intelligence.
برتری داشتن

the rank and file
1 ordinary people.
مردم عادی
2 ordinary soldiers, not officers.
سربازان

Answer 290

A

♦ verb
1 to rebel (against a government etc ): The army revolted against the dictator.
شورش کردن

2 to disgust: His habits revolt me.
منزجر کردن

♦ noun
1 the act of rebelling: The peasants rose in revolt.
شورش؛ آشوب

2 a rebellion.
شورشی؛ عصان گر

reˈvolted
♦ adjective
having a feeling of disgust: I felt quite revolted at the sight.
انزجار

reˈvolting
♦ adjective
causing a feeling of disgust: revolting food.
چندش آور

Answer 291

A

♦ noun
1 one of the great divisions of the land surface of the world – Europe, America, Australia, Asia or Africa.
قاره

2 Europe excluding Britain: We are going to the continent for our holidays.
اروپا به غیر از انگلیس

ˌcontiˈnental [-ˈnen-]
♦ adjective
قاره ای

continental breakfast
a light breakfast of rolls and coffee.
صبحانۀ سبک

continental shelf
♦ noun
the part of a continent that is under a relatively shallow sea.
فلات قاره

Answer 292

A

♦ noun
a mass of land almost the size of a continent, forming part of a larger mass of land: the Indian Subcontinent (= India, Pakistan and Bangladesh).
شبه قاره

Answer 293

A

Noun
1. a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
(synonym) Protestant Reformation
(hypernym) religious movement
اصلاح

Noun

improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs
(hypernym) improvement, melioration
(hyponym) counterreformation
(derivation) reform
rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course; “the reclamation of delinquent children”
(synonym) reclamation
(hypernym) rescue, deliverance, delivery, saving
(derivation) reform, reclaim, regenerate, rectify

Answer 294

A

کمونیست

Answer 295

A

out of the ordinary, unusual; superior, excellent

استثنایی

Answer 296

A

♦ verb
1 to increase speed: The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
تسریع کردن؛ تندتر رفتن

2 to make (something) happen sooner: Worry accelerated his death.
جلو انداختن

acˌceleˈration
♦ noun
شتاب

acˈcelerator
♦ noun
a pedal, lever etc that controls the speed or acceleration of a machine.
پدال گاز

Answer 297

A

♦ noun
1 the buying and selling of goods: Japan does a lot of trade with Britain.
تجارت

2 (a) business, occupation, or job: He’s in the jewellery trade.
حرفه؛ کار

♦ verb
1 (often with in or with ) to buy and sell: They made a lot of money by trading; They trade in fruit and vegetables.
تجارت کردن

2 to exchange: I traded my watch for a bicycle.
معوضه کردن

ˈtrader
♦ noun
a person who trades.
تاجر

ˈtrademark, *ˈtradename
♦ nouns
an officially registered mark or name belonging to a particular company, and not to be used by anyone else, that is put on all goods made by the company.
علامت تجاری

ˈtradesman [ˈtreidz-]
♦ noun
1 a shopkeeper.
مغازه دار

2 a workman in a skilled job: My husband cannot mend the television-set – I’ll have to send for a tradesman.
پیشه ور

trade(s) union
a group of workers of the same trade who join together to bargain with employers for fair wages, better working conditions etc .
اتحادیه کارگری

trade(s) unionist a member of a trade(s) union (nountrade(s) unionism
).
عضو اتحادیه کارگری

trade wind
a wind that blows towards the equator (from the north-east and south-east).
باد مداوم جنوب شرقی یا شمال خاوری

trade into give (something) as part-payment for something else: We decided to trade in our old car and get a new one ( nounˈtrade-in )
مبادله کردن

Answer 298

A

♦ adjective
clearly to be seen or understood: his evident satisfaction; It is evident that you have misunderstood me.
آشکار؛ هویدا

ˈevidently
♦ adverb
1 as far as can be seen: Evidently he disagrees.
ظاهراً

2 clearly or obviously: He was quite evidently furious.
همانا؛ آشکارا

Answer 299

A

Adjective

causing extreme terror; “a terrifying wail”
(synonym) terrific
(similar) alarming

terrify
Verb
1. fill with terror; frighten greatly
(synonym) terrorize, terrorise
(hypernym) frighten, fright, scare, affright
(hyponym) panic
(derivation) panic, terror
مرعوب کردن
وحشت‌زده کردن

Answer 300

A

● سهمگین،سهمناک،دهشتناک
● (مجازی) بسیار بد،وحشتناک
horrendous prices
قیمت‌های وحشتناک

it was a horrendous play
نمایش خیلی بدی بود.

Answer 301

A

♦ noun
a member (usually male) of an army, often one who is not an officer: The boy wants to be a soldier when he grows up.
سرباز

soldier on
to keep going despite difficulties etc : There have been several power-cuts in the office, but we are trying to soldier on (despite them).
پايداري كردن

Answer 302

A

enemy [ˈenəmi]– plural ˈenemies –
♦ noun
1 a person who hates or wishes to harm one: She is so good and kind that she has no enemies.
دشمن

2 (also noun plural ) troops, forces, a nation etc opposed to oneself in war etc : He’s one of the enemy; The enemy was/were encamped on the hillside; (also adjective ) enemy forces.
دشمن

Answer 303

A

superb [suˈpəːb]
♦ adjective
magnificent or excellent: a superb view/meal.
با شكوه

suˈperbly
♦ adverb
شكوهمندانه

Answer 304

A

Adverb

with good reason; “he is justifiably bitter”
(synonym) with reason
(antonym) unjustifiably, inexcusably
(pertainym) justifiable

بط‌ورتوجیه‌پذیر، چنانکه‌بتوان‌ توجیه‌یااثبات‌ نمود، ب

Answer 305

A

admire [ədˈmaiə]
♦ verb
1 to look at with great pleasure and often to express this pleasure: I’ve just been admiring your new car.
تحسین کردن

2 to have a very high opinion of (something or someone): I admire John’s courage.
پسندیدن؛ ستودن

ˈadmirable [ˈӕdmə-]
♦ adjective
extremely good: His behaviour during the riot was admirable.
تحسین برانگیز

ˈadmirably [ˈӕdmə-]
♦ adverb
extremely well: He’s admirably suited to the job.
بطور تحسین برانگیز

admiration [ӕdmiˈreiʃən]
♦ noun
They were filled with admiration at the team’s performance.
تمجید

adˈmirer
♦ noun
1 one who admires (someone or something): He is an admirer of Mozart.
ستایشگر

2 a man who is attracted by a particular woman: She has many admirers.
شیفته؛ سینه چاک

adˈmiring
♦ adjective
an admiring glance.
تحسین آمیز

adˈmiringly
♦ adverb
بطور ستایش آمیز

Answer 306

A

era [ˈiərə]
♦ noun
1 a number of years counting from an important point in history: the Victorian era.
دوره؛ زمانه

2 a period of time marked by an important event or events: an era of social reform.
عصر؛ دوران

Answer 307

A

Noun
1. a person who enjoys taking risks
(synonym) venturer
(hypernym) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, human, soul
(hyponym) argonaut
(derivation) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance
مخاطره‌طلب؛ ماجراجو
2. someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)
(synonym) explorer
(hypernym) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, human, soul
(hyponym) conquistador
(derivation) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance

Answer 308

A

native [ˈneitiv]
♦ adjective
1 where one was born: my native land.
محلی

2 belonging to that place; local: the native customs/art of Brazil; This animal/plant is native to Australia.
اهل

3 belonging by race to a country: a native Englishman.
اهل

4 belonging to a person naturally: native intelligence.
بومی

♦ noun
1 a person born in a certain place: a native of Scotland; a native of London.
اهل

2 one of the original inhabitants of a country eg before the arrival of explorers, immigrants etc : Columbus thought the natives of America were Indians.
سکنه

Native ˈAmerican
♦ noun
American Indian.
اریکایی

native ˈlanguage/ˈtongue
♦ noun
My native language is Spanish, but I also speak English and German.
زبان بومی

native speaker
a person who has spoken a particular language ever since he was able to speak at all: I am a native speaker of English; a native Spanish speaker.
گوینده بومی

native to
(of plants and animals) belonging originally to a particular place: These birds are native to Australia.
بومی

the Nativity [nəˈtivəti]
the birth of Christ.
تولد عیسی

Answer 309

A

fame [feim]
♦ noun
the quality of being well-known: Her novels brought her fame.
شهرت

ˈfamous
♦ adjective
well-known (for good or worthy reasons): She is famous for her strength.
مشهور

ˈfamously
♦ adverb
very well.
عالی

Answer 310

A

Arctic [ˈaːktik]
♦ adjective
1 of the area round the North Pole: the Arctic wilderness.
وابسته به قطب شمال

2 (no capital ) very cold: arctic conditions.
بسیار سرد؛ منجمد

Answer 311

A

Antarctic [ӕntˈaːktik]
♦ adjective,
♦ noun
(with the ) (of) the area round the South Pole.
وابسته به قطب جنوب

Answer 312

A

splendid [ˈsplendid]
♦ adjective
1 brilliant, magnificent, very rich and grand etc : He looked splendid in his robes.
با شكوه

2 very good or fine: a splendid piece of work.
عالي

ˈsplendidly
♦ adverb

ˈsplendour [-də]
♦ noun

ˈsplendidness
♦ noun

Answer 313

A

frontier [ˈfrantiə, (American) franˈtiər]
♦ noun
1 a boundary between countries: We crossed the frontier; (also adjective ) a frontier town.
مرز

2 the farthest area of land on which people live and work, before the country becomes wild and deserted: Many families went to make a new life on the frontier.
سرزمین مرزی

3 the limits or boundaries (of knowledge etc ): the frontiers of scientific knowledge.
مرز

Answer 314

A

privilege [ˈprivəlidʒ]
♦ noun
(a) favour or right available, or granted, to only one person, or to a small number of people: Senior students are usually allowed certain privileges.
امتیاز

ˈprivileged
♦ adjective
برخوردار از امتیاز

Answer 315

A

pioneer [paiəˈniə]
♦ noun
1 a person who goes to a new, often uninhabited or uncivilized (part of a) country to live and work there: The American pioneers; (also adjective ) a pioneer family.
مهاجر اولیه

2 a person who is the first to study some new subject, or use or develop a new technique etc : Joseph Lister was one of the pioneers of modern medicine; The Wright brothers were the pioneers of aeroplane flight.
پیشگام

♦ verb
to be the first to do or make: Who pioneered the use of vaccine for preventing polio?
پیش قدم بودن

Answer 316

A

restore [rəˈstoː]
♦ verb
1 to repair (a building, a painting, a piece of furniture etc ) so that it looks as it used to or ought to.
تعمیر کردن

2 to bring back to a normal or healthy state: The patient was soon restored to health.
درمان کردن؛ ودباره سالم کردن

3 to bring or give back: to restore law and order; The police restored the stolen cars to their owners.
باز گرداندن

4 to bring or put (a person) back to a position, rank etc he once had: He was asked to resign but was later restored to his former job as manager.
دوباره منسوب شدن

ˌrestoˈration [restə-]
♦ noun
The building was closed for restoration(s).
بازسازی؛

reˈstorer
♦ noun
a person or thing that restores: a furniture-restorer.
تعمیر کننده

Answer 317

A

exhibit [igˈzibit]
♦ verb
1 to show; to display to the public: My picture is to be exhibited in the art gallery.
به نمایش گذاشتن؛ نشان دادن

2 to show (a quality etc ): He exhibited a complete lack of concern for others.
بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

♦ noun
1 an object displayed publicly (eg in a museum): One of the exhibits is missing.
کالای نمایشی؛ کار عرضه شده

2 an object or document produced in court as part of the evidence: The blood-stained scarf was exhibit number one in the murder trial.
مدرک؛ سند

exhibition [eksiˈbiʃən]
♦ noun
1 a public display (eg of works of art, industrial goods etc ): an exhibition of children’s books.
به نمایش گذاری؛ عرضه

2 an act of showing or revealing: What an exhibition of bad temper!
نمود؛ عرضه

exˈhibitor
♦ noun
a person who provides an exhibit for a display etc : He is one of the exhibitors at the flower show.
عرضه کننده؛ نشان دهنده

Answer 318

A

possess [pəˈzes]
♦ verb
to own or have: How much money does he possess?
دارا بودن؛ داشتن

posˈsession [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 something which is owned by a person, country etc : She lost all her possessions in the fire.
دارایی

2 the state of possessing.
مالکیت

posˈsessive [-siv]
♦ adjective
1 showing that someone or something possesses an object etc : Yours', mine’, his', hers’, theirs' are possessive pronouns; your’, my', his’, `their’ are possessive adjectives.
ملکی

2 acting as though things and people are one’s personal possessions: a possessive mother.
تملک گرای

posˈsessively
♦ adverb
بطور ملکی

posˈsessiveness
♦ noun
تملک گرایی

posˈsessor
♦ noun
He is the proud possessor of a new car.
مالک

Answer 319

A

consequently

Answer 320

A

regard (as)

Answer 321

A

continent

Answer 322

A

subcontinent

Answer 323

A

reformation

Answer 324

A

exceptional

Answer 325

A

communist

Answer 326

A

exceptional

Answer 327

A

accelerate

Answer 328

A

trade union

Answer 329

A

terrifying

Answer 330

A

horrendous

Answer 331

A

justifiably

Answer 332

A

adventurer

Answer 333

A

Arctic=قطب شمال و حومه

Antarctic=قطب جنوب و حومه

Answer 334

A

privilege

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