Barron's

Question 1

logging

Answer 1

logging (n.) : the cutting down of trees for commercial use

● درخت‌بری و الوار سازی،درخت اندازی،بهره برداری از جنگل

log [log]
♦ noun
1 a thick piece of unshaped wood: The trees were sawn into logs and taken to the sawmill.
کنده

2 a logbook: The captain of the ship entered the details in the log.
دفتر گزارش

♦ verb– past tense, past participle logged –
to write down or record in a logbook (especially the distance covered during a journey).
ثبت کردن در دفتر گزارش

ˈlogbook
♦ noun
an official record of the journey of a ship or aeroplane: All the details of the flight were entered in the logbook.
دفتر گزارش روزانه

Question 2

array

Answer 2

array(n.) : a large number; a collection

array [əˈrei]
1 things, people etc arranged in some order: an impressive array of fabrics.
آرایش؛ نمایش پر جلوه

2 clothes: in fine array.
چیدمان؛ نظم

♦ verb
1 to put (things, people etc ) in some order for show etc : goods arrayed on the counter.
چیدن؛ به صف درآوردن
2 to dress (oneself) eg in fine clothes.
جامه زیبا پوشاندن؛ آراستن

Question 3

environment

Answer 3

environment(n.) : the natural world

environment [inˈvaiərənmənt]
♦ noun
(a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth: An unhappy home environment may drive a teenager to crime; We should protect the environment from destruction by modern chemicals etc.
محیط

enˌvironˈmental [-ˈmen-]
♦ adjective
محیطی؛ وابسته به محیط

environˈmentalist
♦ noun
a person who wants to stop the damage being done to the environment by humans.
طرفدار حفظ محیط زیست

Question 4

habitat

Answer 4

habitat(n.) : the natural area where a plant or animal lives
a habitat for humanity
The damage includes habitat loss
محل سکونت
بوم
مسکن طبیعی
جای اصلی
منطقه زیست جانور یا گیاه

the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs; “a marine habitat”

Question 5

pollution

Answer 5

pollution(n.) : damage to air, water, etc. 
The damage includes pollution
آلودگی
کثافت
ناپاکی

Noun
1. undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities

2. the state of being polluted
3. the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors

Question 6

extend

Answer 6

extend(v.) : to reach past; get bigger

extend [ikˈstend]
♦ verb
1 to make longer or larger: He extended his vegetable garden.
بزرگ کردن؛ گسترش دادن

2 to reach or stretch: The school grounds extend as far as this fence.
وسعت یافتن؛ امتداد داشتن

3 to hold out or stretch out (a limb etc ): He extended his hand to her.
دراز کردن؛ کش دادن

4 to offer: May I extend a welcome to you all?
تقدیم کردن؛ ارائه دادن

exˈtension [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 an added part: He built an extension to his house; a two-day extension to the holiday; He has telephone extensions (= telephones) in every bedroom.
ضمیمه؛ تمدید

2 (a program by which) part of a university located somewhere else offers courses to people who are not fulltime students.
دوره غیر تمام وقت؛ دوره شبانه

3 the process of extending.
توسعه؛ تمدید

4 a telephone that operates on the same line as another: They have a phone in the living-room and an extension in the bedroom.
خط فرعی؛ خط داخلی

exˈtensive [-siv]
♦ adjective
large in area or amount: extensive plantations; He suffered extensive injuries in the accident.
پهناور؛ زیاد

Question 7

fell

Answer 7

fell(v.) : to cut down
انداختن
قطع کردن
بریدن و انداختن

1 a : to cut, knock, or bring down fell a tree

b : kill Her father was felled by a heart attack.

2 : to sew (a seam) by folding one raw edge under the other and sewing flat on the wrong side

Question 8

nutrients

Answer 8

nutrients(n.) : the goodness in food

a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow

ماده مغذی
ماده مقوی از لحاظ غذایی

Question 9

terrestrial

Answer 9

terrestrial(adj.) : living on the land
زمینی
خاکی
دنیوی
این جهانی

1 a : of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants terrestrial magnetism

b : mundane in scope or character : prosaic

2 a : of or relating to land as distinct from air or water terrestrial transportation

b (1) : living on or in or growing from land terrestrial plants terrestrial birds (2) : of or relating to terrestrial organisms terrestrial habits

3 : belonging to the class of planets that are like the earth (as in density and silicate composition) the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars

Question 10

aquatic

Answer 10

aquatic(adj.) : living in the water

aquatic [əˈkwӕtik]
♦ adjective
living, growing, or taking place in water: aquatic plants/sports.
آبزی؛ آبی

Question 11

vanish

Answer 11

vanish(v.) : to disappear

vanish [ˈvӕniʃ]
♦ verb
to become no longer visible, especially suddenly: The ship vanished over the horizon; Our hopes suddenly vanished.
ناپدید شدن

Question 12

درخت‌بری و الوار سازی،درخت اندازی،بهره برداری از جنگل

Answer 12

logging

log [log]
♦ noun
1 a thick piece of unshaped wood: The trees were sawn into logs and taken to the sawmill.
کنده

2 a logbook: The captain of the ship entered the details in the log.
دفتر گزارش

♦ verb– past tense, past participle logged –
to write down or record in a logbook (especially the distance covered during a journey).
ثبت کردن در دفتر گزارش

ˈlogbook
♦ noun
an official record of the journey of a ship or aeroplane: All the details of the flight were entered in the logbook.
دفتر گزارش روزانه

Question 13

a large number; a collection
آرایش؛ نمایش پر جلوه
چیدمان؛ نظم

چیدن؛ به صف درآوردن
جامه زیبا پوشاندن؛ آراستن

Answer 13

array

1 things, people etc arranged in some order: an impressive array of fabrics.
آرایش؛ نمایش پر جلوه

2 clothes: in fine array.
چیدمان؛ نظم

♦ verb
1 to put (things, people etc ) in some order for show etc : goods arrayed on the counter.
چیدن؛ به صف درآوردن

2 to dress (oneself) eg in fine clothes.
جامه زیبا پوشاندن؛ آراستن

Question 14

محیط

Answer 14

environment

♦ noun
(a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth: An unhappy home environment may drive a teenager to crime; We should protect the environment from destruction by modern chemicals etc.

محیط
enˌvironˈmental [-ˈmen-]
♦ adjective
محیطی؛ وابسته به محیط

environˈmentalist
♦ noun
a person who wants to stop the damage being done to the environment by humans.
طرفدار حفظ محیط زیست

Question 15

محل سکونت
بوم
مسکن طبیعی
جای اصلی
منطقه زیست جانور یا گیاه

Answer 15

habitat

habitat(n.) : the natural area where a plant or animal lives
a habitat for humanity
The damage includes habitat loss
محل سکونت
بوم
مسکن طبیعی
جای اصلی
منطقه زیست جانور یا گیاه

the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs; “a marine habitat”

Question 16

آلودگی
کثافت
ناپاکی

Answer 16

pollution

pollution(n.) : damage to air, water, etc. 
The damage includes pollution
آلودگی
کثافت
ناپاکی

Noun
1. undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities

2. the state of being polluted
3. the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors

Question 17

بزرگ کردن؛ گسترش دادن
وسعت یافتن؛ امتداد داشتن
دراز کردن؛ کش دادن
تقدیم کردن؛ ارائه دادن

Answer 17

extend

♦ verb
1 to make longer or larger: He extended his vegetable garden.
بزرگ کردن؛ گسترش دادن

2 to reach or stretch: The school grounds extend as far as this fence.
وسعت یافتن؛ امتداد داشتن

3 to hold out or stretch out (a limb etc ): He extended his hand to her.
دراز کردن؛ کش دادن

4 to offer: May I extend a welcome to you all?
تقدیم کردن؛ ارائه دادن

exˈtension [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 an added part: He built an extension to his house; a two-day extension to the holiday; He has telephone extensions (= telephones) in every bedroom.
ضمیمه؛ تمدید

2 (a program by which) part of a university located somewhere else offers courses to people who are not fulltime students.
دوره غیر تمام وقت؛ دوره شبانه

3 the process of extending.
توسعه؛ تمدید

4 a telephone that operates on the same line as another: They have a phone in the living-room and an extension in the bedroom.
خط فرعی؛ خط داخلی

exˈtensive [-siv]
♦ adjective
large in area or amount: extensive plantations; He suffered extensive injuries in the accident.
پهناور؛ زیاد

Question 18

انداختن
قطع کردن
بریدن و انداختن
به زمین زدن

Answer 18

fell

fell(v.) : to cut down
انداختن
قطع کردن
بریدن و انداختن

1 a : to cut, knock, or bring down fell a tree

b : kill Her father was felled by a heart attack.

2 : to sew (a seam) by folding one raw edge under the other and sewing flat on the wrong side

Question 19

ماده مغذی

ماده مقوی از لحاظ غذایی

Answer 19

nutrients

nutrients(n.) : the goodness in food

a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow

ماده مغذی
ماده مقوی از لحاظ غذایی

Question 20

زمینی
خاکی
دنیوی
این جهانی

Answer 20

terrestrial

terrestrial(adj.) : living on the land
زمینی
خاکی
دنیوی
این جهانی

1 a : of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants terrestrial magnetism

b : mundane in scope or character : prosaic

2 a : of or relating to land as distinct from air or water terrestrial transportation

b (1) : living on or in or growing from land terrestrial plants terrestrial birds (2) : of or relating to terrestrial organisms terrestrial habits

3 : belonging to the class of planets that are like the earth (as in density and silicate composition) the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars

Question 21

آبزی: آبی

Answer 21

aquatic

♦ adjective
living, growing, or taking place in water: aquatic plants/sports.
آبزی؛ آبی

Question 22

ناپدید شدن

Answer 22

vanish

♦ verb
to become no longer visible, especially suddenly: The ship vanished over the horizon; Our hopes suddenly vanished.
ناپدید شدن

Question 23

myriad

Answer 23

adj
many; numerous

a myriad of something/myriads of something a very large number of things

بی‌شمار
هزارها

Question 24

intact

Answer 24

adj
whole; complete

intact [inˈtӕkt]
♦ adjective
undamaged or whole: The box was washed up on the beach with its contents still intact.
بی کم و کاست

Question 25

intercept

Answer 25

verb
to catch; to interrupt the progress pf something

intercept [intəˈsept]
♦ verb
to stop or catch (a person, thing etc ) before he, it etc arrives at the place to which he, it etc is going, being sent etc : The messenger was intercepted on his way to the king.
راه بستن بر؛ بازداشتن

ˌinterˈception
♦ noun
رهگیری

Question 26

stabilize

Answer 26

verb
to keep from changing; maintain

to become firm, steady, or unchanging, or to make something firm or steady → stable

ثابت شدن
تثبیت کردن
پایا ساختن
استوار کردن

Question 27

erosion

Answer 27

noun
loss of soil from the action of water or wind

1 the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea

2 the process by which something is gradually reduced or destroyed

فرسایش
سایش
ساییدگی
تحلیل
فساد تدریجی

Question 28

بی‌شمار

هزاران

Answer 28

myriad

adj
many; numerous

a myriad of something/myriads of something a very large number of things

بی‌شمار
هزارها

Question 29

بی کم و کاست

Answer 29

intact

adj
whole; complete

intact [inˈtӕkt]
♦ adjective
undamaged or whole: The box was washed up on the beach with its contents still intact.
بی کم و کاست

Question 30

راه بستن بر؛ بازداشتن

Answer 30

intercept

verb
to catch; to interrupt the progress pf something

intercept [intəˈsept]
♦ verb
to stop or catch (a person, thing etc ) before he, it etc arrives at the place to which he, it etc is going, being sent etc : The messenger was intercepted on his way to the king.
راه بستن بر؛ بازداشتن

ˌinterˈception
♦ noun
رهگیری

Question 31

ثابت شدن
تثبیت کردن
پایا ساختن
استوار کردن

Answer 31

stabilize

verb
to keep from changing; maintain

to become firm, steady, or unchanging, or to make something firm or steady → stable

ثابت شدن
تثبیت کردن
پایا ساختن
استوار کردن

Question 32

فرسایش
سایش
ساییدگی
تحلیل
فساد تدریجی

Answer 32

erosion

noun
loss of soil from the action of water or wind

1 the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea

2 the process by which something is gradually reduced or destroyed

فرسایش
سایش
ساییدگی
تحلیل
فساد تدریجی

Question 33

vegetation

Answer 33

noun
plants in general
زندگی گیاهی

Question 34

inhibit

Answer 34

verb
to prevent; slow down

♦ verb
to stop or hinder (eg someone from doing something).
جلوگیری کردن

inˈhibited
♦ adjective
unable to relax and express one’s feelings in an open and natural way.
کمرو؛ خویش گیر

inhibition [iniˈbiʃən]
♦ noun
بازداری؛ کمرویی

Question 35

defense

Answer 35

noun
protection

defense

a) [uncountable] the act of protecting something or someone from attack
b) [countable] something that can be used to protect something or someone from attack

دفاع
پدافند
حمایت
محافظت
مدافعه
استحکامات

Question 36

deforestation

Answer 36

noun
the removal of all trees from a large area

the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area

قطع درختان جنگلی

Question 37

زندگی گیاهی

گیاهان

Answer 37

vegetation

plants in general

Question 38

جلوگیری کردن

Answer 38

inhibit

♦ verb
to stop or hinder (eg someone from doing something).
جلوگیری کردن

inˈhibited
♦ adjective
unable to relax and express one’s feelings in an open and natural way.
کمرو؛ خویش گیر

inhibition [iniˈbiʃən]
♦ noun
بازداری؛ کمرویی

Question 39

دفاع
پدافند
حمایت
محافظت
مدافعه
استحکامات

Answer 39

defense

a) [uncountable] the act of protecting something or someone from attack
b) [countable] something that can be used to protect something or someone from attack

Question 40

جنگل زدایی

قطع درختان جنگلی

Answer 40

deforestation

the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area

Question 41

migration

Answer 41

noun
movement from one place to another

when large numbers of people go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work

کوچ

Question 42

inhabit

Answer 42

verb
to live in

♦ verb
(of people, animals etc ) to live in (a region etc ): Polar bears inhabit the Arctic region; That house is now inhabited by a Polish family.
ساکن بودن در

inˈhabitable
♦ adjective
(negative uninhabitable ) fit to be lived in: The building was no longer inhabitable.
قابل سکونت

inˈhabitant
♦ noun
a person or animal that lives permanently in a place: the inhabitants of the village; tigers, leopards and other inhabitants of the jungle.
ساکن

Question 43

fascinate

Answer 43

verb
to interest greatly

fascinate [ˈfӕsineit]
♦ verb
to charm; to attract or interest very strongly: She was fascinated by the strange clothes and customs of the country people.
مجذوب کردن

ˈfascinating
♦ adjective
very charming, attractive or interesting: a fascinating story.
مجذوب کننده

ˌfasciˈnation
♦ noun
1 the act of fascinating or state of being fascinated: the look of fascination on the children’s faces.
شیفتگی

2 the power of fascinating or something that has this: Old books have/hold a fascination for him.
گیرایی

Question 44

observer

Answer 44

noun
a person who watches something

1 someone who regularly watches or pays attention to particular things, events, situations etc

2 someone who attends meetings, classes, events etc to check what is happening

3 someone who sees or looks at something

مشاهده کننده
پیرو رسوم خاص

Question 45

imperative

Answer 45

noun
a priority; an urgent need

imperative [imˈperətiv]
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
1 used of verbs that are expressing a command: In the sentence `Come here!', `come' is an imperative (verb).
امری

2 absolutely necessary: It is imperative that we take immediate action to reduce pollution.
ضرورت

♦ noun
In `Sit down!’ the verb is in the imperative.
وجه امری

Question 46

evolve

Answer 46

verb
to develop and change

evolve [iˈvolv]
♦ verb
to (cause to) develop gradually: Man evolved from the apes.
تکامل یافتن

evolution [iːvəˈluːʃən, (American) e-]
♦ noun
1 gradual working out or development: the evolution of our form of government.
تکامل؛ تحول

2 the development of the higher kinds of animals (eg man), plants etc , from the lower kinds: Darwin’s theory of evolution.
تکامل

evolutionary [iːvəˈluːʃənəri, (American) e-]
♦ adjective
تکاملی

Question 47

کوچ

Answer 47

migration

noun
movement from one place to another

when large numbers of people go to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work

Question 48

ساکن بودن در

Answer 48

inhabit

♦ verb
(of people, animals etc ) to live in (a region etc ): Polar bears inhabit the Arctic region; That house is now inhabited by a Polish family.
ساکن بودن در

inˈhabitable
♦ adjective
(negative uninhabitable ) fit to be lived in: The building was no longer inhabitable.
قابل سکونت

inˈhabitant
♦ noun
a person or animal that lives permanently in a place: the inhabitants of the village; tigers, leopards and other inhabitants of the jungle.
ساکن

Question 49

مجذوب کردن

Answer 49

fascinate

♦ verb
to charm; to attract or interest very strongly: She was fascinated by the strange clothes and customs of the country people.
مجذوب کردن

ˈfascinating
♦ adjective
very charming, attractive or interesting: a fascinating story.
مجذوب کننده

ˌfasciˈnation
♦ noun
1 the act of fascinating or state of being fascinated: the look of fascination on the children’s faces.
شیفتگی

2 the power of fascinating or something that has this: Old books have/hold a fascination for him.
گیرایی

Question 50

مشاهده کننده

پیرو رسوم خاص

Answer 50

observer

noun
a person who watches something

1 someone who regularly watches or pays attention to particular things, events, situations etc

2 someone who attends meetings, classes, events etc to check what is happening

3 someone who sees or looks at something

Question 51

ضرورت

وجه امری

Answer 51

imperative

♦ noun,
♦ adjective
1 used of verbs that are expressing a command: In the sentence Come here!', come’ is an imperative (verb).
امری

2 absolutely necessary: It is imperative that we take immediate action to reduce pollution.
ضرورت

♦ noun
In `Sit down!’ the verb is in the imperative.
وجه امری

Question 52

تکامل یافتن

Answer 52

evolve

♦ verb
to (cause to) develop gradually: Man evolved from the apes.
تکامل یافتن

evolution [iːvəˈluːʃən, (American) e-]
♦ noun
1 gradual working out or development: the evolution of our form of government.
تکامل؛ تحول

2 the development of the higher kinds of animals (eg man), plants etc , from the lower kinds: Darwin’s theory of evolution.
تکامل

evolutionary [iːvəˈluːʃənəri, (American) e-]
♦ adjective
تکاملی

Question 53

breed

Answer 53

verb
to reproduce

breed [briːd]– past tense, past participle bred [bred] –
♦ verb
1 to produce young: Rabbits breed often.
بچه آوردن؛ تولید مثل کردن

2 to keep animals for the purpose of breeding young: I breed dogs and sell them as pets.
پرورش حیوانات

♦ noun
a type, variety or species (of animal): a breed of dog.
گونه؛ نژاد

bred [bred]
♦ adjective
(often as part of a word )
1 (of people) brought up in a certain way or place: a well-bred young lady; American born and bred.
به دنیا امده و پرورش یافتۀ جایی مشخص

2 (of animals) brought up or reared in a certain way: a pure-bred dog.
تربیت شده؛ اصیل

ˈbreeding
♦ noun
education and training; good manners: a man of good breeding.
خوش برخورد؛ با اصالت

Question 54

optimal

Answer 54

adj
best; most favorable

under optimal conditions
تحت شرایط بهینه

بهینه
مربوط به کمال مطلوب

Question 55

hemisphere

Answer 55

noun
one half of the Earth (Capital E); one half of a sphere

hemisphere [ˈhemisfiə]
♦ noun
one half of the Earth: Singapore and the British Isles are in the northern hemisphere.
نيم كره

ˌhemiˈspherical [-ˈsfe-]
♦ adjective
like half a ball in shape.
نيم كروی

Question 56

species

with S at the end

Answer 56

noun
type; a basic group in biological classification

species [ˈspiːʃiːz]– plural species –
♦ noun
1 a group (of animals etc ) whose members are so similar or closely related as to be able to breed together: There are se-veral species of zebra.
گونه

2 a kind or sort.
نوع

Question 57

بچه آوردن؛ تولید مثل کردن

پرورش حیوانات

Answer 57

breed

past tense, past participle bred [bred] –

♦ verb
1 to produce young: Rabbits breed often.

بچه آوردن؛ تولید مثل کردن
2 to keep animals for the purpose of breeding young: I breed dogs and sell them as pets.
پرورش حیوانات

♦ noun
a type, variety or species (of animal): a breed of dog.

گونه؛ نژاد
bred [bred]
♦ adjective
(often as part of a word )
1 (of people) brought up in a certain way or place: a well-bred young lady; American born and bred.

به دنیا امده و پرورش یافتۀ جایی مشخص
2 (of animals) brought up or reared in a certain way: a pure-bred dog.
تربیت شده؛ اصیل

ˈbreeding
♦ noun
education and training; good manners: a man of good breeding.
خوش برخورد؛ با اصالت

Question 58

بهینه

مربوط به کمال مطلوب

Answer 58

optimal

adj
best; most favorable

under optimal conditions
تحت شرایط بهینه

بهینه
مربوط به کمال مطلوب

Question 59

نیم‌کره

نیم‌کروی

Answer 59

hemisphere

♦ noun
one half of the Earth: Singapore and the British Isles are in the northern
hemisphere.
نيم كره

ˌhemiˈspherical [-ˈsfe-]
♦ adjective
like half a ball in shape.
نيم كروی

Question 60

گونه

نوع

Answer 60

species

plural species

♦ noun
1 a group (of animals etc ) whose members are so similar or closely related as to be able to breed together: There are se-veral species of zebra.

گونه
2 a kind or sort.
نوع

Question 61

windswept

Answer 61

adj
unprotected from the wind

1 a place that is windswept is often windy because there are not many trees or buildings to protect it

2 hair, clothes etc that are windswept have been blown around by the wind

بر باد رفته
به وسیله باد جارو شده
باد زده

Question 62

endure

Answer 62

verb
to live under difficult conditions

endure [inˈdjuə]
♦ verb
1 to bear patiently; to tolerate: She endures her troubles bravely; I can endure her rudeness no longer.
تحمل کردن

2 to remain firm; to last: You must endure to the end; The memory of her great acting has endured.
پایدار ماندن

enˈdurable
♦ adjective
(negative unendurable ) able to be borne or tolerated: This pain is scarcely endurable.
قابل تحمل

enˈdurance
♦ noun
the power or ability to bear or to last: He has amazing (power of) endurance; Her rudeness is beyond endurance; (also adjective ) endurance tests.
تحمل

Question 63

fuel

Answer 63

verb
to provide energy

fuel [ˈfjuəl]
♦ noun
any substance by which a fire, engine etc is made to work (eg coal, oil, petrol): The machine ran out of fuel.
سوخت

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈfuelled , (American ) fueled –
to give or take fuel: The tanker will leave when it has finished fuelling / being fuelled.
سوخت گیری کردن

Question 64

aspect

Answer 64

noun
a part or feature

aspect [ˈӕspekt]
♦ noun
1 a part of something to be thought about: We must consider every aspect of the problem.
جنبه؛ ظاهر

2 a side of a building etc or the direction it faces in.
نما

3 look or appearance: His face had a frightening aspect.
چهره؛ منظر

Question 65

feat

Answer 65

noun
a difficult or impressive act or achievement

feat [fiːt]
♦ noun
an impressive act or achievement: Building the pyramids was a brilliant feat of engineering.
شاهکار

Question 66

بر باد رفته
به وسیله باد جارو شده
بادزده

Answer 66

windswept

adj
unprotected from the wind

1 a place that is windswept is often windy because there are not many trees or buildings to protect it

2 hair, clothes etc that are windswept have been blown around by the wind

Question 67

تحمل کردن

پایدار ماندن

Answer 67

endure

♦ verb
1 to bear patiently; to tolerate: She endures her troubles bravely; I can endure her rudeness no longer.
تحمل کردن

2 to remain firm; to last: You must endure to the end; The memory of her great acting has endured.
پایدار ماندن

enˈdurable
♦ adjective
(negative unendurable ) able to be borne or tolerated: This pain is scarcely endurable.
قابل تحمل

enˈdurance
♦ noun
the power or ability to bear or to last: He has amazing (power of) endurance; Her rudeness is beyond endurance; (also adjective ) endurance tests.
تحمل

Question 68

سوخت

سوخت‌گیری کردن

Answer 68

fuel

♦ noun
any substance by which a fire, engine etc is made to work (eg coal, oil, petrol): The machine ran out of fuel.
سوخت

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈfuelled , (American ) fueled –
to give or take fuel: The tanker will leave when it has finished fuelling / being fuelled.
سوخت گیری کردن

Question 69

جنبه؛ ظاهر
نما
چهره؛ منظره

Answer 69

aspect

♦ noun
1 a part of something to be thought about: We must consider every aspect of the problem.
جنبه؛ ظاهر

2 a side of a building etc or the direction it faces in.
نما

3 look or appearance: His face had a frightening aspect.
چهره؛ منظر

Question 70

شاهکار

Answer 70

feat

♦ noun
an impressive act or achievement: Building the pyramids was a brilliant feat of engineering

Question 71

nocturnal

Answer 71

adj
active at night

nocturnal [nokˈtəːnl]
♦ adjective
1 active at night: The owl is a nocturnal bird.
نمايش شبانه

2 happening at night: a nocturnal encounter.
واقع شونده در شب

Question 72

obscure

Answer 72

verb
to make difficult to see

obscure [əbˈskjuə]
♦ adjective
1 not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.
تیره و تار

2 not well-known: an obscure author.
گمنام

3 difficult to understand: an obscure poem.
غیر قابل درک

♦ verb
to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.
نامشخص کردن؛ تار کردن

obˈscurely
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

obˈscurity
♦ noun
تاریکی؛ ابهام

Question 73

stray

Answer 73

verb
to leave the correct route; to become separated from the group

stray [strei]
♦ verb
to wander, especially from the right path, place etc : The shepherd went to search for some sheep that had strayed; to stray from the point.
از موضوع اصلي دور افتادن

♦ noun
a cat, dog etc that has strayed and has no home.
ولگرد

♦ adjective
1 wandering or lost: stray cats and dogs.
گمشده

2 occasional, or not part of a general group or tendency: The sky was clear except for one or two stray clouds.
پراكنده

Question 74

diurnal

Answer 74

adj
active during the day

1 happening or active in the daytime
OPP nocturnal

2 happening every day

روزانه
مربوط به روز

Question 75

navigation

Answer 75

noun
finding and following one’s route

1 the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another

2 when someone sails a ship along a river or other area of water

ناوبری
هدایت

Question 76

نمایش شبانه

واقع‌شونده در شب

Answer 76

nocturnal

♦ adjective
1 active at night: The owl is a nocturnal bird.
نمايش شبانه

2 happening at night: a nocturnal encounter.
واقع شونده در شب

Question 77

تیره و تار
گمنام
غیرقابل درک

نامشخص کردن؛ تار کردن

Answer 77

obscure

♦ adjective
1 not clear; difficult to see: an obscure corner of the library.
تیره و تار

2 not well-known: an obscure author.
گمنام

3 difficult to understand: an obscure poem.
غیر قابل درک

♦ verb
to make obscure: A large tree obscured the view.
نامشخص کردن؛ تار کردن

obˈscurely
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

obˈscurity
♦ noun
تاریکی؛ ابهام

Question 78

از موضوع اصلی دور افتادن

ولگرد

گمشده
پراکنده

Answer 78

stray

♦ verb
to wander, especially from the right path, place etc : The shepherd went to search for some sheep that had strayed; to stray from the point.
از موضوع اصلي دور افتادن

♦ noun
a cat, dog etc that has strayed and has no home.
ولگرد

♦ adjective
1 wandering or lost: stray cats and dogs.
گمشده

2 occasional, or not part of a general group or tendency: The sky was clear except for one or two stray clouds.
پراكنده

Question 80

روزانه

مربوط به روز

Answer 80

diurnal

adj
active during the day

1 happening or active in the daytime
OPP nocturnal

2 happening every day

روزانه
مربوط به روز

Question 80

ناوبری

هدایت

Answer 80

navigation

noun
finding and following one’s route

1 the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another

2 when someone sails a ship along a river or other area of water

ناوبری
هدایت

Question 81

occupy

Answer 81

verb
to be in a place; exist in

♦ verb
1 to be in or fill (time, space etc ): A table occupied the centre of the room.
قرار داشتن؛ پر کردن

2 to live in: The family occupied a small flat.
ساکن بودن

3 to capture: The soldiers occupied the town.
اشغال کردن

ˈoccupant
♦ noun
a person who occupies (a house etc ), not necessarily the owner of the house.
ساکن

ˌoccuˈpation
♦ noun
1 a person’s job or work.
شغل

2 the act of occupying (a house, town etc ).
سکونت

3 the period of time during which a town, house etc is occupied: During the occupation, there was a shortage of food.
اشغال

ˌoccuˈpational
♦ adjective
of, or caused by, a person’s job: an occupational disease.
شغلی

ˈoccupier
♦ noun
an occupant.
ساکن؛ اشغالگر

Question 82

sparse

Answer 82

adj
small in numbers or amount

♦ adjective
thinly scattered: sparse vegetation.
پراكنده

ˈsparsely
♦ adverb

ˈsparseness
♦ noun

Question 83

swing

Answer 83

noun
a sudden or big change

swing [swiŋ]– past tense, past participle swung [swaŋ] –

♦ verb
1 to (cause to) move or sway in a curve (from side to side or forwards and backwards) from a fixed point: You swing your arms when you walk; The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree; The door swung open; He swung the load on to his shoulder.
چرخاندن

2 to walk with a stride: He swung along the road.
گشتن

3 to turn suddenly: He swung round and stared at them; He is hoping to swing the voters in his favour.
سريع پيچيدن

♦ noun
1 an act, period, or manner, of swinging: He was having a swing on the rope; Most golfers would like to improve their swing.
چرخش

2 a swinging movement: the swing of the dancers’ skirts.
جنبش

3 a strong dancing rhythm: The music should be played with a swing.
سوينگ؛جاز آمريكايي

4 a change in public opinion etc : a swing away from the government.
تغيير موضع

5 a seat for swinging, hung on ropes or chains from a supporting frame etc .
تاب بازي

ˈswinging
♦ adjective
fashionable and exciting: the swinging city of London.
خوب و خوش؛گل كرده

swing bridge
a type of bridge that swings open to let ships pass.
نوعي پل

swing door
a door that swings open in both directions.
نوعي در

be in full swing
to be going ahead, or continuing, busily or vigorously: The work was in full swing.
در بحبوحه

get into the swing (of things)
to begin to fit into a routine etc .
كار روزمره را شروع كردن

go with a swing
(of an organized event etc ) to proceed or go easily and successfully.
موفق برگزار شدن

Question 84

violent

Answer 84

adj
strong; sudden and destructive

♦ adjective
1 having, using, or showing, great force: There was a violent storm at sea; a violent earthquake; He has a violent temper.
شدید؛ سخت

2 caused by force: a violent death.
خشونت آمیز؛ خشن

ˈviolently
♦ adverb
با خشونت

ˈviolence
♦ noun
great roughness and force, often causing severe physical injury or damage: I was amazed at the violence of his temper; She was terrified by the violence of the storm.
شدت

Question 85

extreme

Answer 85

♦ adjective
1 very great, especially much more than usual: extreme pleasure; He is in extreme pain.
شدید؛ فوق العاده

2 very far or furthest in any direction, especially out from the centre: the extreme south-western tip of England; Politically, he belongs to the extreme left.
منتهی الیه؛ دورترین

3 very violent or strong; not ordinary or usual: He holds extreme views on education.
غیرعادی؛ افراط آمیز

♦ noun
1 something as far, or as different, as possible from something else: the extremes of sadness and joy.
دو نقطه متقابل؛ چیز کاملاً متفاوت

2 the greatest degree of any state, especially if unpleasant: The extremes of heat in the desert make life uncomfortable.
بیشترین میزان؛ بالاترین حد

exˈtremely
♦ adverb
very: extremely kind.
بسیار

exˈtremism
♦ noun
the holding of views which are as far from being moderate as possible.
افراط گرایی

exˈtremist
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
افراط گرا

exˈtremity [-ˈstre-]– plural exˈtremities –
♦ noun
1 the farthest point: The two poles represent the extremities of the earth’s axis.
دورترین مکان

2 an extreme degree; the quality of being extreme: Their suffering reached such extremities that many died.
حد نهایی؛ بالاترین درجه

3 a situation of great danger or distress: They need help in this extremity.
وخامت؛ بحبوحه

4 the parts of the body furthest from the middle eg the hands and feet.
دست ها؛ پاها

in the extreme
very: dangerous in the extreme.
به منتها درجه؛ بسیار زیاد

to extremes
very far, especially further than is thought to be reasonable: She can never express an opinion without going to extremes.
افراط کردن

Question 86

قرار داشتن؛ پر کردن
ساکن بودن
اشغال کردن

Answer 86

occupy

♦ verb
1 to be in or fill (time, space etc ): A table occupied the centre of the room.
قرار داشتن؛ پر کردن

2 to live in: The family occupied a small flat.
ساکن بودن

3 to capture: The soldiers occupied the town.
اشغال کردن

ˈoccupant
♦ noun
a person who occupies (a house etc ), not necessarily the owner of the house.
ساکن

ˌoccuˈpation
♦ noun
1 a person’s job or work.
شغل

2 the act of occupying (a house, town etc ).
سکونت

3 the period of time during which a town, house etc is occupied: During the occupation, there was a shortage of food.
اشغال

ˌoccuˈpational
♦ adjective
of, or caused by, a person’s job: an occupational disease.
شغلی

ˈoccupier
♦ noun
an occupant.
ساکن؛ اشغالگر

Question 87

پراکنده

Answer 87

sparse

♦ adjective
thinly scattered: sparse vegetation.
پراكنده

ˈsparsely
♦ adverb

ˈsparseness
♦ noun

Question 88

چرخاندن
گشتن
سریع پیچیدن

چرخش
جنبش
تغییر موضع
تاب بازی
تغییر ناگهانی یا بزرگ

Answer 88

swing

swing [swiŋ]– past tense, past participle swung [swaŋ] –
♦ verb
1 to (cause to) move or sway in a curve (from side to side or forwards and backwards) from a fixed point: You swing your arms when you walk; The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree; The door swung open; He swung the load on to his shoulder.
چرخاندن

2 to walk with a stride: He swung along the road.
گشتن

3 to turn suddenly: He swung round and stared at them; He is hoping to swing the voters in his favour.
سريع پيچيدن

♦ noun
1 an act, period, or manner, of swinging: He was having a swing on the rope; Most golfers would like to improve their swing.
چرخش

2 a swinging movement: the swing of the dancers’ skirts.
جنبش

3 a strong dancing rhythm: The music should be played with a swing.
سوينگ؛جاز آمريكايي

4 a change in public opinion etc : a swing away from the government.
تغيير موضع

5 a seat for swinging, hung on ropes or chains from a supporting frame etc .
تاب بازي

ˈswinging
♦ adjective
fashionable and exciting: the swinging city of London.
خوب و خوش؛گل كرده

swing bridge
a type of bridge that swings open to let ships pass.
نوعي پل

swing door
a door that swings open in both directions.
نوعي در

be in full swing
to be going ahead, or continuing, busily or vigorously: The work was in full swing.
در بحبوحه

get into the swing (of things)
to begin to fit into a routine etc .
كار روزمره را شروع كردن

go with a swing
(of an organized event etc ) to proceed or go easily and successfully.
موفق برگزار شدن

Question 89

شدید؛ سخت

خشونت‌آمیز؛

Answer 89

violent

♦ adjective
1 having, using, or showing, great force: There was a violent storm at sea; a violent earthquake; He has a violent temper.
شدید؛ سخت

2 caused by force: a violent death.
خشونت آمیز؛ خشن

ˈviolently
♦ adverb
با خشونت

ˈviolence
♦ noun
great roughness and force, often causing severe physical injury or damage: I was amazed at the violence of his temper; She was terrified by the violence of the storm.
شدت

Question 90

شدید؛ فوق‌العاده
منتهی‌الیه؛ دورترین
غیرعادی؛ افراطآمیز

Answer 90

extreme

♦ adjective
1 very great, especially much more than usual: extreme pleasure; He is in extreme pain.
شدید؛ فوق العاده

2 very far or furthest in any direction, especially out from the centre: the extreme south-western tip of England; Politically, he belongs to the extreme left.
منتهی الیه؛ دورترین

3 very violent or strong; not ordinary or usual: He holds extreme views on education.
غیرعادی؛ افراط آمیز

♦ noun
1 something as far, or as different, as possible from something else: the extremes of sadness and joy.
دو نقطه متقابل؛ چیز کاملاً متفاوت

2 the greatest degree of any state, especially if unpleasant: The extremes of heat in the desert make life uncomfortable.
بیشترین میزان؛ بالاترین حد

exˈtremely
♦ adverb
very: extremely kind.
بسیار

exˈtremism
♦ noun
the holding of views which are as far from being moderate as possible.
افراط گرایی

exˈtremist
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
افراط گرا

exˈtremity [-ˈstre-]– plural exˈtremities –
♦ noun
1 the farthest point: The two poles represent the extremities of the earth’s axis.
دورترین مکان

2 an extreme degree; the quality of being extreme: Their suffering reached such extremities that many died.
حد نهایی؛ بالاترین درجه

3 a situation of great danger or distress: They need help in this extremity.
وخامت؛ بحبوحه

4 the parts of the body furthest from the middle eg the hands and feet.
دست ها؛ پاها

in the extreme
very: dangerous in the extreme.
به منتها درجه؛ بسیار زیاد

to extremes
very far, especially further than is thought to be reasonable: She can never express an opinion without going to extremes.
افراط کردن

Question 91

focus

Answer 91

verb
center attention on one particular object

plurals ˈfocuses ~foci [ˈfousai] –
♦ noun
1 the point at which rays of light meet after passing through a lens.
کانون

2 a point to which light, a look, attention etc is directed: She was the focus of everyone’s attention.
مورد؛ مرکز

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈfocus(s)ed –
1 to adjust (a camera, binoculars etc ) in order to get a clear picture: Remember to focus the camera / the picture before taking the photograph.
تنظیم کردن

2 to direct (attention etc ) to one point: The accident focussed public attention on the danger.
متمرکز کردن

ˈfocal
♦ adjective
کانونی؛ اصلی

in, *out of focus
giving or not giving a clear picture: These photographs are out of focus.
واضح؛ مبهم

Question 92

indistinct

Answer 92

adj
unclear

♦ adjective
not clear to the eye, ear or mind; not distinct: an indistinct outline of a ship; His speech is rather indistinct.
مبهم

ˌindiˈstinctly
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

ˌindiˈstinctness
♦ noun
ابهام

Question 93

blur

Answer 93

noun
something not seen clearly

♦ noun
something not clearly seen: Everything is just a blur when I take my spectacles off.
مات؛ کدر

♦ verb– past tense, past participle blurred –
to make or become unclear: The rain blurred my vision.
نامشخص شدن؛ کدر کردن

Question 94

unconsciously

Answer 94

adv
without thinking; automatically

adverb
in an unconscious manner, without being aware, instinctively, automatically, involuntarily
ناآگاه

Question 95

peripheral

Answer 95

adj
at the edge

adjective
1 formal not as important as other things or people in a particular activity, idea, or situation

2 formal in the outer area of something, or relating to this area

3 peripheral vision your ability to see things to the side of you when you look straight ahead

4 technical peripheral equipment can be connected to a computer and used with it

—peripherally adverb

noun
a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer and used with it, for example a PRINTER

پیرامونی
جنبی
خارجی
ثانوی
وابسته به محیط

Question 96

tolerate

Answer 96

verb
to accept; allow

♦ verb
to bear or endure; to put up with: I couldn’t tolerate his rudeness.
تحمل کردن

ˈtolerable
♦ adjective
1 able to be borne or endured: The heat was barely tolerable.
قابل تحمل

2 quite good: The food was tolerable.
نسبتاً خوب

ˈtolerance
♦ noun
1 the ability to be fair and understanding to people whose ways, opinions etc are different from one’s own: We should always try to show tolerance to other people.
بردباری

2 the ability to resist the effects of eg a drug: If you take a drug regularly, your body gradually acquires a tolerance of it.
سازگاری

ˈtolerant
♦ adjective
showing tolerance: He’s very tolerant towards his neighbours.
بردبار

ˈtolerantly
♦ adverb
با شکیبایی

ˌtoleˈration
♦ noun
1 the act of tolerating: His toleration of her behaviour amazed me.
بردباری؛ تحمل

2 tolerance, especially in religious matters: The government passed a law of religious toleration.
جایز شماری؛ پذیرش

Question 97

vision

Answer 97

noun
the ability to see; sight

♦ noun
1 something seen in the imagination or in a dream: God appeared to him in a vision.
رویا

2 the ability to see or plan into the future: Politicians should be men of vision.
بصیرت

3 the ability to see or the sense of sight: He is slowly losing his vision.
بینایی

Question 98

athlete

Answer 98

noun
a person who plays sports

♦ noun
a person who is good at sport, especially running, jumping etc : Hundreds of athletes took part in the games.
ورزشکار

athˈletic [-ˈle-]
♦ adjective
1 of athletics: He is taking part in the athletic events.
ورزشی

2 good at athletics; strong and able to move easily and quickly: He looks very athletic.
ورزیده

athˈletics [-ˈle-]
♦ noun singular
the sports of running, jumping etc or competitions in these: Athletics was my favourite activity at school.
ورزش

Question 99

demonstrate

Answer 99

verb
to show; model

♦ verb
1 to show clearly: This demonstrates his ignorance of the situation.
نشان دادن؛ آشکار کردن

2 to show how something works or is done: He demonstrated how the new vacuum cleaner worked.
نشان دادن

3 to express an opinion (usually political) by marching, showing banners etc in public: A crowd collected to demonstrate against the new taxes.
تظاهرات کردن

ˌdemonˈstration
♦ noun
1 a display or exhibition (of how something works etc ): I’d like a demonstration of this dishwasher.
نمایش طرز کار

2 (also ˈdemo [ˈdemou] – plural ˈdemos ) a public expression of opinion by holding meetings and processions, showing placards etc .
تظاهرات

ˈdemonstrator
♦ noun
1 a person who takes part in a public demonstration.
تظاهر کننده

2 a teacher or assistant who helps students with practical work.
دستیار

demonstrative
♦ adjective,
♦ pronounany one of the words this, *that, *these or those
اشاره

Question 100

range

Answer 100

noun
area

♦ noun
1 a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.
وسعت؛ محدوده؛ دامنه

2 the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc : What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.
برد

3 the amount between certain limits: I’m hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person’s voice between his highest and lowest notes.
دامنه تغییرات

4 a row or series: a mountain range.
سلسله جبال؛ رشته کوه

5 in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.
مرتع؛ چراگاه

6 a place where a person can practise shooting etc ; a rifle-range .
میدان تیر

7 a large kitchen stove with a flat top.
اجاق با برق یا گاز

♦ verb
1 to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.
ردیف کردن؛ رده بندی کردن

2 to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.
تغییر کردن

3 to go, move, extend etc : His talk ranged over a number of topics.
گسترش یافتن

ˈranger
♦ noun
1 a person who looks after a forest or park.
جنگلبان

2 (American ) a soldier who is a member of a specially trained force; a commando.
تکاور

Question 101

کانون
مورد؛ مرکز

تنظیم کردن
متمرکز کردن

Answer 101

focus

♦ noun
1 the point at which rays of light meet after passing through a lens.
کانون

2 a point to which light, a look, attention etc is directed: She was the focus of everyone’s attention.
مورد؛ مرکز

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈfocus(s)ed –
1 to adjust (a camera, binoculars etc ) in order to get a clear picture: Remember to focus the camera / the picture before taking the photograph.
تنظیم کردن

2 to direct (attention etc ) to one point: The accident focussed public attention on the danger.
متمرکز کردن

ˈfocal
♦ adjective
کانونی؛ اصلی

in, *out of focus
giving or not giving a clear picture: These photographs are out of focus.
واضح؛ مبهم

Question 102

مبهم

Answer 102

indistinct

♦ adjective
not clear to the eye, ear or mind; not distinct: an indistinct outline of a ship; His speech is rather indistinct.
مبهم

ˌindiˈstinctly
♦ adverb
بطور مبهم

ˌindiˈstinctness
♦ noun
ابهام

Question 103

مات؛ کدر

نامشخص شدن؛ کدر کردن

Answer 103

blur

♦ noun
something not clearly seen: Everything is just a blur when I take my spectacles off.
مات؛ کدر

♦ verb– past tense, past participle blurred –
to make or become unclear: The rain blurred my vision.
نامشخص شدن؛ کدر کردن

Question 104

(ضمیر) ناخودآگاه

ناآگاه

Answer 104

unconsciously

adv
without thinking; automatically

adverb
in an unconscious manner, without being aware, instinctively, automatically, involuntarily
ناآگاه

Question 105

پیرامونی
جنبی
خارجی
ثانوی
وابسته به محیط

Answer 105

peripheral

adj
at the edge

adjective
1 formal not as important as other things or people in a particular activity, idea, or situation

2 formal in the outer area of something, or relating to this area

3 peripheral vision your ability to see things to the side of you when you look straight ahead

4 technical peripheral equipment can be connected to a computer and used with it

—peripherally adverb

noun
a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer and used with it, for example a PRINTER

پیرامونی
جنبی
خارجی
ثانوی
وابسته به محیط

Question 106

تحمل کردن

Answer 106

tolerate

♦ verb
to bear or endure; to put up with: I couldn’t tolerate his rudeness.
تحمل کردن

ˈtolerable
♦ adjective
1 able to be borne or endured: The heat was barely tolerable.
قابل تحمل

2 quite good: The food was tolerable.
نسبتاً خوب

ˈtolerance
♦ noun
1 the ability to be fair and understanding to people whose ways, opinions etc are different from one’s own: We should always try to show tolerance to other people.
بردباری

2 the ability to resist the effects of eg a drug: If you take a drug regularly, your body gradually acquires a tolerance of it.
سازگاری

ˈtolerant
♦ adjective
showing tolerance: He’s very tolerant towards his neighbours.
بردبار

ˈtolerantly
♦ adverb
با شکیبایی

ˌtoleˈration
♦ noun
1 the act of tolerating: His toleration of her behaviour amazed me.
بردباری؛ تحمل

2 tolerance, especially in religious matters: The government passed a law of religious toleration.
جایز شماری؛ پذیرش

Question 107

رویا
بصیرت
بینایی

Answer 107

vision

♦ noun
1 something seen in the imagination or in a dream: God appeared to him in a vision.
رویا

2 the ability to see or plan into the future: Politicians should be men of vision.
بصیرت

3 the ability to see or the sense of sight: He is slowly losing his vision.
بینایی

Question 108

ورزشکار

Answer 108

athlete

♦ noun
a person who is good at sport, especially running, jumping etc : Hundreds of athletes took part in the games.
ورزشکار

athˈletic [-ˈle-]
♦ adjective
1 of athletics: He is taking part in the athletic events.
ورزشی

2 good at athletics; strong and able to move easily and quickly: He looks very athletic.
ورزیده

athˈletics [-ˈle-]
♦ noun singular
the sports of running, jumping etc or competitions in these: Athletics was my favourite activity at school.
ورزش

Question 109

نشان دادن؛ آشکار کردن
نشان دادن
تظاهرات کردن

Answer 109

demonstrate

♦ verb
1 to show clearly: This demonstrates his ignorance of the situation.
نشان دادن؛ آشکار کردن

2 to show how something works or is done: He demonstrated how the new vacuum cleaner worked.
نشان دادن

3 to express an opinion (usually political) by marching, showing banners etc in public: A crowd collected to demonstrate against the new taxes.
تظاهرات کردن

ˌdemonˈstration
♦ noun
1 a display or exhibition (of how something works etc ): I’d like a demonstration of this dishwasher.
نمایش طرز کار

2 (also ˈdemo [ˈdemou] – plural ˈdemos ) a public expression of opinion by holding meetings and processions, showing placards etc .
تظاهرات

ˈdemonstrator
♦ noun
1 a person who takes part in a public demonstration.
تظاهر کننده

2 a teacher or assistant who helps students with practical work.
دستیار

demonstrative
♦ adjective,
♦ pronounany one of the words this, *that, *these or those
اشاره

Question 110

وسعت؛ محدوده؛ دامنه
برد
دامنه تغییرات
سلسله جبال؛ رشته کوه
مرتع چراگاه
اجاق با برق یا گاز

ردیف کردن؛ رده‌ بندی کردن
تغییر کردن
گسترش یافتن

Answer 110

range

♦ noun
1 a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.
وسعت؛ محدوده؛ دامنه

2 the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc : What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.
برد

3 the amount between certain limits: I’m hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person’s voice between his highest and lowest notes.
دامنه تغییرات

4 a row or series: a mountain range.
سلسله جبال؛ رشته کوه

5 in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.
مرتع؛ چراگاه

6 a place where a person can practise shooting etc ; a rifle-range .
میدان تیر

7 a large kitchen stove with a flat top.
اجاق با برق یا گاز

♦ verb
1 to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.
ردیف کردن؛ رده بندی کردن

2 to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.
تغییر کردن

3 to go, move, extend etc : His talk ranged over a number of topics.
گسترش یافتن

ˈranger
♦ noun
1 a person who looks after a forest or park.
جنگلبان

2 (American ) a soldier who is a member of a specially trained force; a commando.
تکاور

Question 111

performance

Answer 111

noun
how well a person or machine does something
کارایی
انجام
اجرا؛ نمایش
ایفا
شاهکار

1 a : the execution of an action
b : something accomplished : deed, feat

2 : the fulfillment of a claim, promise, or request : implementation

3 a : the action of representing a character in a play
b : a public presentation or exhibition a benefit performance

4 a : the ability to perform : efficiency
b : the manner in which a mechanism performs engine performance

5 : the manner of reacting to stimuli : behavior

6 : the linguistic behavior of an individual : parole; also : the ability to speak a certain language — compare competence

Question 112

detect

Answer 112

verb
to notice; become aware of

♦ verb
to notice or discover: She thought she could detect a smell of gas.
پی بردن به؛ کشف کردن

deˈtective [-tiv]
♦ noun
a person who tries to find criminals or watches suspected persons: She was questioned by detectives.
کارآگاه

Question 113

maneuver

Answer 113

noun
a movement
مانور
تمرین نظامی

مانور دادن
عملیات نظامی و جنگی را تمرین کردن

NOUN
1 [countable] a skilful or careful movement that you make, for example in order to avoid something or go through a narrow space

2 [countable, uncountable] a skilful or carefully planned action intended to gain an advantage for yourself

3 maneuvers [plural] military activities, such as pretending to fight a battle, which are done as practice or training
SYN exercises

4 room for manoeuvre/freedom of manoeuvre the possibility of changing your plans or decisions in order to achieve what you want

VERB
1 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to move or turn skilfully or to move or turn something skilfully, especially something large and heavy

2 [intransitive, transitive] to use cleverly planned and often dishonest methods to get the result that you want

Question 114

distracting

Answer 114

adj
taking attention away from something

distract
♦ verb
to draw aside (the mind or attention of): He was constantly being distracted from his work by the noisy conversation of his colleagues.
حواس کسی را پرت کردن

diˈstracted
♦ adjective
1 turned aside (from what one is doing or thinking): He had slipped out while her attention was distracted.
منحرف شده

2 out of one’s mind; mad: a distracted old woman.
دیوانه؛ دچار اختلال حواس

3 distressed: The distracted mother couldn’t reach her child in the burning house.
پریشان؛ آشفته

diˈstraction [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 something that takes the mind off other especially more serious affairs: There are too many distractions here to allow one to work properly.
موجب حواس پرتی

2 anxiety and confusion: in a state of complete distraction.
گیجی؛ پریشانی

Question 115

anticipate

Answer 115

verb
to expect; be ready for something to happen

♦ verb
1 to expect (something): I’m not anticipating any trouble.
انتظار داشتن

2 to see what is going to be wanted, required etc in the future and do what is necessary: A businessman must try to anticipate what his customers will want.
پیش بینی کردن

anˌticiˈpation
♦ noun
I’m looking forward to the concert with anticipation (= expectancy, excitement).
انتظار؛ چشم به راهی

Question 116

کارایی
انجام
اجرا
نمایش
ایفا
شاهکار
ساخت

Answer 116

performance

noun
how well a person or machine does something

1 a : the execution of an action
b : something accomplished : deed, feat

2 : the fulfillment of a claim, promise, or request : implementation

3 a : the action of representing a character in a play
b : a public presentation or exhibition a benefit performance

4 a : the ability to perform : efficiency
b : the manner in which a mechanism performs engine performance

5 : the manner of reacting to stimuli : behavior

6 : the linguistic behavior of an individual : parole; also : the ability to speak a certain language — compare competence

Question 117

پی بردن به؛ کشف کردن

Answer 117

detect

♦ verb
to notice or discover: She thought she could detect a smell of gas.
پی بردن به؛ کشف کردن

deˈtective [-tiv]
♦ noun
a person who tries to find criminals or watches suspected persons: She was questioned by detectives.
کارآگاه

Question 118

مانور
تمرین نظامی

مانور دادن
عملیات نظامی و جنگی را تمرین کردن

Answer 118

maneuver

noun
a movement

NOUN
1 [countable] a skilful or careful movement that you make, for example in order to avoid something or go through a narrow space

2 [countable, uncountable] a skilful or carefully planned action intended to gain an advantage for yourself

3 maneuvers [plural] military activities, such as pretending to fight a battle, which are done as practice or training
SYN exercises

4 room for manoeuvre/freedom of manoeuvre the possibility of changing your plans or decisions in order to achieve what you want

VERB
1 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to move or turn skilfully or to move or turn something skilfully, especially something large and heavy

2 [intransitive, transitive] to use cleverly planned and often dishonest methods to get the result that you want

Question 119

حواس پرت کن

Answer 119

distracting

distract
♦ verb
to draw aside (the mind or attention of): He was constantly being distracted from his work by the noisy conversation of his colleagues.
حواس کسی را پرت کردن

diˈstracted
♦ adjective
1 turned aside (from what one is doing or thinking): He had slipped out while her attention was distracted.
منحرف شده

2 out of one’s mind; mad: a distracted old woman.
دیوانه؛ دچار اختلال حواس

3 distressed: The distracted mother couldn’t reach her child in the burning house.
پریشان؛ آشفته

diˈstraction [-ʃən]
♦ noun
1 something that takes the mind off other especially more serious affairs: There are too many distractions here to allow one to work properly.
موجب حواس پرتی

2 anxiety and confusion: in a state of complete distraction.
گیجی؛ پریشانی

Question 120

انتظار داشتن

پیش‌بینی کردن

Answer 120

anticipate

♦ verb
1 to expect (something): I’m not anticipating any trouble.
انتظار داشتن

2 to see what is going to be wanted, required etc in the future and do what is necessary: A businessman must try to anticipate what his customers will want.
پیش بینی کردن

anˌticiˈpation
♦ noun
I’m looking forward to the concert with anticipation (= expectancy, excitement).
انتظار؛ چشم به راهی

Question 121

scan

Answer 121

verb
to look over

past tense, past participle scanned –
♦ verb
1 to examine carefully: He scanned the horizon for any sign of a ship.
دقيق شدن

2 to look at quickly but not in detail: She scanned the newspaper for news of the murder.
نگاه اجمالي انداختن

3 to pass radar beams etc over: The area was scanned for signs of enemy aircraft.
پوييدن

4 to pass an electronic or laser beam over a text or picture in order to store it in the memory of a computer.
پويش و پيمايش كردن

5 to examine and get an image of what is inside a person’s body or an object by using ultra-sound and x-ray: They scanned his luggage at the airport to see if he was carrying drugs.
با اسكنر چيزي را بررسي كردن

6 to fit into a particular rhythm or metre: The second line of that verse doesn’t scan properly.
با وزن خواندن

♦ noun
She had an ultrasound scan to see whether the baby was a boy or a girl; a brain scan; a quick scan through the report.
پويش؛پيمايش

ˈscanner
♦ noun
a machine etc that scans: Scanners are machines that show the contents of your luggage on a scereen; an ultrasound scanner; an optical scanner.
پويشگر

Question 122

complicate

Answer 122

verb
to cause to be more difficult

♦ verb
to make difficult: His illness will complicate matters.
مشکل کردن؛ پیچیده کردن

ˈcomplicated
♦ adjective
(negative uncomplicated ) difficult to understand: complicated instructions.
پیچیده؛ بغرنج

ˌcompliˈcation
♦ noun
1 something making a situation etc more difficult: Taking the dog with us on holiday will be an added complication.
پیچیدگی

2 a development (in an illness etc ) which makes things worse.
عارضه؛ اشکال

Question 123

coordinate

Answer 123

verb
to organize; make work together

♦ verb
to adjust (a movement or action) so that it fits in or works smoothly (with other movements or actions): In swimming the movement of one’s arms and legs must be co-ordinated.
هماهنگ کردن یا شدن

co-ordiˈnation
♦ noun
هماهنگی

Question 124

boundary

Answer 124

noun
an edge; border

plural ˈboundaries –
♦ noun
1 an often imaginary line separating one thing from another: the boundary between two towns.
مرز

2 (in cricket) a hit which crosses the boundary line round the field, scoring four runs or six runs.
سرحد

Question 125

indiscernibly

Answer 125

Adverb
in a way that is impossible to see or notice

Adjective
1. difficult or impossible to perceive or discern; “an indiscernible increase in temperature”

2. barely able to be perceived; “the transition was almost indiscernible”; “an almost insensible change”

غیرقابل تشخیص
تمیز ندادنی
ناپیدا

Question 126

دقیق شدن
نگاه اجمالی انداختن
پوییدن
پویش و پیمایش کردن
با اسکنر چیزی را بررسی کردن

پویش؛ پیمایش

Answer 126

scan

past tense, past participle scanned –
♦ verb
1 to examine carefully: He scanned the horizon for any sign of a ship.
دقيق شدن

2 to look at quickly but not in detail: She scanned the newspaper for news of the murder.
نگاه اجمالي انداختن

3 to pass radar beams etc over: The area was scanned for signs of enemy aircraft.
پوييدن

4 to pass an electronic or laser beam over a text or picture in order to store it in the memory of a computer.
پويش و پيمايش كردن

5 to examine and get an image of what is inside a person’s body or an object by using ultra-sound and x-ray: They scanned his luggage at the airport to see if he was carrying drugs.
با اسكنر چيزي را بررسي كردن

6 to fit into a particular rhythm or metre: The second line of that verse doesn’t scan properly.
با وزن خواندن

♦ noun
She had an ultrasound scan to see whether the baby was a boy or a girl; a brain scan; a quick scan through the report.
پويش؛پيمايش

ˈscanner
♦ noun
a machine etc that scans: Scanners are machines that show the contents of your luggage on a scereen; an ultrasound scanner; an optical scanner.
پويشگر

Question 127

مشکل کردن؛ پیچیده کر‌دن

Answer 127

complicate

♦ verb
to make difficult: His illness will complicate matters.
مشکل کردن؛ پیچیده کردن

ˈcomplicated
♦ adjective
(negative uncomplicated ) difficult to understand: complicated instructions.
پیچیده؛ بغرنج

ˌcompliˈcation
♦ noun
1 something making a situation etc more difficult: Taking the dog with us on holiday will be an added complication.
پیچیدگی

2 a development (in an illness etc ) which makes things worse.
عارضه؛ اشکال

Question 128

هماهنگ کردن یا شدن

Answer 128

coordinate

♦ verb
to adjust (a movement or action) so that it fits in or works smoothly (with other movements or actions): In swimming the movement of one’s arms and legs must be co-ordinated.
هماهنگ کردن یا شدن

co-ordiˈnation
♦ noun
هماهنگی

Question 129

مرز

سرحد

Answer 129

boundary

plural ˈboundaries –
♦ noun
1 an often imaginary line separating one thing from another: the boundary between two towns.
مرز

2 (in cricket) a hit which crosses the boundary line round the field, scoring four runs or six runs.
سرحد

Question 130

غیرقابل تشخیص
تمیز ندادنی
ناپیدا

Answer 130

indiscernibly

Adverb: indiscernibly
in a way that is impossible to see or notice

Adjective: indiscernible
1. difficult or impossible to perceive or discern; “an indiscernible increase in temperature”

2. barely able to be perceived; “the transition was almost indiscernible”; “an almost insensible change”

Question 131

transitional

Answer 131

adj
relating to change from one type to another

Adjective
1. of or relating to or characterized by transition; “adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood”

انتقالی
وابسته به مرحله تغییر یا انتقال

Question 132

fringe

Answer 132

noun
the edge of something

♦ noun
1 a border of loose threads on a carpet, shawl etc : Her red shawl has a black fringe.
حاشیه تزئینی؛ ریشه

2 hair cut to hang over the forehead: You should have your fringe cut before it covers your eyes.
چتری

3 the outer area; the edge; the part farthest from the main part or centre of something: on the fringe of the city.
حاشیه

♦ verb
to make or be a border around: Trees fringed the pond.
بصورت حاشیه قرار گرفتن

Question 133

diverse

Answer 133

adj
varied; of many kinds

♦ adjective
different; of various kinds.
ناهمگون؛ متنوع

diˈversely
♦ adverb
بطور متنوع

diˈverseness
♦ noun
تنوع؛ گوناگونی

diˈversify [-fai]
♦ verb
to make or become varied or different.
گوناگون کردن؛ متنوع کردن

diˈversity
♦ noun
variety.
تنوع؛ گوناگونی

Question 134

adapt

Answer 134

verb
to change to fit a situation or environment

♦ verb
1 to take (a child of other parents) as one’s own: Since they had no children of their own they decided to adopt a little girl.
به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفتن

2 to take (something) as one’s own: After going to France he adopted the French way of life.
اتخاذ کردن

aˈdoption [-ʃən]
♦ noun
انتخاب؛ اتخاذ

aˈdoptive [-tiv]
♦ adjective
his adoptive father.
پذیرفته شده

Question 135

thrive

Answer 135

verb
to grow well

♦ verb
to grow strong and healthy: Children thrive on milk; The business is thriving.
رشد کردن؛ رونق یافتن

ˈthriving
♦ adjective
successful: a thriving industry.
موفق؛ شکوفا

Question 136

انتقالی

وابسته به مرحله تغییر یا انتقال

Answer 136

transitional

adj
relating to change from one type to another

Adjective
1. of or relating to or characterized by transition; “adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood”

انتقالی
وابسته به مرحله تغییر یا انتقال

Question 137

حاشیه تزیینی؛ ریشه
چتری
حاشیه

به صورت حاشیه قرار گرفتن

Answer 137

fringe

♦ noun
1 a border of loose threads on a carpet, shawl etc : Her red shawl has a black fringe.
حاشیه تزئینی؛ ریشه

2 hair cut to hang over the forehead: You should have your fringe cut before it covers your eyes.
چتری

3 the outer area; the edge; the part farthest from the main part or centre of something: on the fringe of the city.
حاشیه

♦ verb
to make or be a border around: Trees fringed the pond.
بصورت حاشیه قرار گرفتن

Question 138

ناهمگون؛ متنوع

Answer 138

diverse

♦ adjective
different; of various kinds.
ناهمگون؛ متنوع

diˈversely
♦ adverb
بطور متنوع

diˈverseness
♦ noun
تنوع؛ گوناگونی

diˈversify [-fai]
♦ verb
to make or become varied or different.
گوناگون کردن؛ متنوع کردن

diˈversity
♦ noun
variety.
تنوع؛ گوناگونی

Question 139

به فرزندخواندگی پذیرفتن

اتخاذ کردن

Answer 139

adopt

♦ verb
1 to take (a child of other parents) as one’s own: Since they had no children of their own they decided to adopt a little girl.
به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفتن

2 to take (something) as one’s own: After going to France he adopted the French way of life.
اتخاذ کردن

aˈdoption [-ʃən]
♦ noun
انتخاب؛ اتخاذ

aˈdoptive [-tiv]
♦ adjective
his adoptive father.
پذیرفته شده

Question 140

رشد کردن؛ رونق یافتن

Answer 140

thrive

♦ verb
to grow strong and healthy: Children thrive on milk; The business is thriving.
رشد کردن؛ رونق یافتن

ˈthriving
♦ adjective
successful: a thriving industry.
موفق؛ شکوفا

Question 141

resilient

Answer 141

adj
tough; able to endure difficult conditions

: characterized or marked by resilience: such as
a : capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture

b : tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change

re·sil·ient·ly adverb

ارتجاعی

Question 142

stressor

Answer 142

noun
something that causes great difficulties

Noun
1. any agent that causes stress to an organism

Question 143

minimize

Answer 143

verb
to reduce to the least possible amount
به حداقل رساندن
دست کم گرفتن
کوچک شمردن

1 : to reduce or keep to a minimum minimize costs minimize delays

2 : to underestimate intentionally : play down, soft-pedal minimizing losses in our own forces while maximizing those of the enemy

3 : to replace (a window) on a computer display with a small button or icon which will restore the window when selected

minimization

minimizer

Question 144

moisture

Answer 144

noun
wetness or water

: liquid diffused or condensed in relatively small quantity

رطوبت؛ نم

Question 145

prolific

Answer 145

Adjective 
producing a lot of something 
بارور
فراوان
نیرومند
حاصلخیز
زایا
پرزا

1 : producing young or fruit especially freely : fruitful

2 archaic : causing abundant growth, generation, or reproduction

3 : marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity a prolific composer

prolificacy noun

prolifically adverb

prolificness noun

Question 146

mechanisms

Answer 146

Noun
methods
مکانیزم
دستگاه
ماشین
طرز کار
ساختمان
اجزا متشکله چیزی
اجزا و عوامل مکانیکی

1 a : a piece of machinery (see machinery) The camera’s shutter mechanism is broken.

b : a process, technique, or system for achieving a result the mechanisms of peace — F. D. Roosevelt

2 : mechanical operation or action : working he acknowledges nothing besides matter and motion; so that all must be performed either by mechanism or by accident — Richard Bentley

3 : a doctrine that holds natural processes (as of life) to be mechanically determined and capable of complete explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry

4 : the fundamental processes involved in or responsible for an action, reaction, or other natural phenomenon meteorologists believe that this pressure jump is the mechanism responsible for storms and tornadoes — Think — compare defense mechanism

Question 147

ارتجاعی

Answer 147

resilient

adj
tough; able to endure difficult conditions

: characterized or marked by resilience: such as
a : capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture

b : tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change

re·sil·ient·ly adverb

ارتجاعی

Question 148

استرس‌زا

تشدید کننده

Answer 148

stressor

noun
something that causes great difficulties

Noun
1. any agent that causes stress to an organism

Question 149

به حداقل رساندن
کمینه کردن
کمینه ساختن
دست کم گرفتن
کوچک شمردن

Answer 149

minimize

verb
to reduce to the least possible amount
به حداقل رساندن
دست کم گرفتن
کوچک شمردن

1 : to reduce or keep to a minimum minimize costs minimize delays

2 : to underestimate intentionally : play down, soft-pedal minimizing losses in our own forces while maximizing those of the enemy

3 : to replace (a window) on a computer display with a small button or icon which will restore the window when selected

minimization

minimizer

Question 150

رطوبت؛ نم

Answer 150

moisture

noun
wetness or water

: liquid diffused or condensed in relatively small quantity

رطوبت؛ نم

Question 151

بارور
فراوان
نیرومند
حاصلخیز
زایا پرزا

Answer 151

prolific

Adjective 
producing a lot of something 
بارور
فراوان
نیرومند
حاصلخیز
زایا
پرزا

1 : producing young or fruit especially freely : fruitful

2 archaic : causing abundant growth, generation, or reproduction

3 : marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity a prolific composer

prolificacy noun

prolifically adverb

prolificness noun

Question 152

مکانیزم
دستگاه
ماشین
طرز کار
ساختمان
اجزا متشکله چیزی
اجزا و عوامل مکانیکی

Answer 152

mechanisms

Noun
methods
مکانیزم
دستگاه
ماشین
طرز کار
ساختمان
اجزا متشکله چیزی
اجزا و عوامل مکانیکی

1 a : a piece of machinery (see machinery) The camera’s shutter mechanism is broken.

b : a process, technique, or system for achieving a result the mechanisms of peace — F. D. Roosevelt

2 : mechanical operation or action : working he acknowledges nothing besides matter and motion; so that all must be performed either by mechanism or by accident — Richard Bentley

3 : a doctrine that holds natural processes (as of life) to be mechanically determined and capable of complete explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry

4 : the fundamental processes involved in or responsible for an action, reaction, or other natural phenomenon meteorologists believe that this pressure jump is the mechanism responsible for storms and tornadoes — Think — compare defense mechanism

Question 153

evaporation

Answer 153

Noun
the change from liquid to gas; loss of water to the air
تبخیر

: the act or process of evaporating:
a : change from a liquid to a vapor evaporation of water But warming increases the evaporation of ocean water, which could increase the snowfall on the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, remove water from the ocean, and lower sea level. — Jack M. Hollander
b : the vanishing or disappearance of something The pope’s attempt to arrest the evaporation of the Christian tradition in Europe was also unsuccessful.

Question 154

dilute

Answer 154

Verb
to make weaker by mixing with water

♦ verb
to lessen the strength etc of by mixing especially with water: You are supposed to dilute that lime juice with water.
رقیق کردن

♦ adjective
reduced in strength; weak: dilute acid.
رقیق؛ آبناک

diˈlution
♦ noun
رقیق سازی

Question 155

determine

Answer 155

Verb
to decide

♦ verb
1 to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action.
معیین کردن؛ مشخص کردن

2 to find out exactly: He tried to determine what had gone wrong.
دقیقاً مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن

deˌtermiˈnation
♦ noun
1 firmness of character or stubbornness: She showed her determination by refusing to give way.
عزم راسخ؛ ارادۀ محکم

2 the act of determining.
تعیین؛ معیین سازی

deˈtermined
♦ adjective
1 having one’s mind made up: She is determined to succeed.
مصمم؛ قاطع

2 stubborn: He’s very determined.
سمج؛ قد

3 fixed or settled: Our route has already been determined.
مشخص؛ معیین

Question 156

accumulate

Answer 156

Verb
to gradually increase over time

♦ verb
(usually of things) to gather or be gathered together in a large quantity: Rubbish accumulates very quickly in our house.
انباشته شدن

acˈcumulation
♦ noun
انباشتگی؛ تجمع

acˈcumulator
♦ noun
a type of electric battery.
باطری انباری

Question 157

تبخیر

Answer 157

evaporation

Noun
the change from liquid to gas; loss of water to the air
تبخیر

: the act or process of evaporating:
a : change from a liquid to a vapor evaporation of water But warming increases the evaporation of ocean water, which could increase the snowfall on the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, remove water from the ocean, and lower sea level. — Jack M. Hollander
b : the vanishing or disappearance of something The pope’s attempt to arrest the evaporation of the Christian tradition in Europe was also unsuccessful.

Question 158

رقیق کردن

رقیق؛ آبناک

Answer 158

dilute

♦ verb
to lessen the strength etc of by mixing especially with water: You are supposed to dilute that lime juice with water.
رقیق کردن

♦ adjective
reduced in strength; weak: dilute acid.
رقیق؛ آبناک

diˈlution
♦ noun
رقیق سازی

Question 159

معین کردن؛ مشخص کردن

دقیقا مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن

Answer 159

determine

♦ verb
1 to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action.
معیین کردن؛ مشخص کردن

2 to find out exactly: He tried to determine what had gone wrong.
دقیقاً مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن

deˌtermiˈnation
♦ noun
1 firmness of character or stubbornness: She showed her determination by refusing to give way.
عزم راسخ؛ ارادۀ محکم

2 the act of determining.
تعیین؛ معیین سازی

deˈtermined
♦ adjective
1 having one’s mind made up: She is determined to succeed.
مصمم؛ قاطع

2 stubborn: He’s very determined.
سمج؛ قد

3 fixed or settled: Our route has already been determined.
مشخص؛ معیین

Question 160

انباشته شدن

Answer 160

accumulate

♦ verb
(usually of things) to gather or be gathered together in a large quantity: Rubbish accumulates very quickly in our house.
انباشته شدن

acˈcumulation
♦ noun
انباشتگی؛ تجمع

acˈcumulator
♦ noun
a type of electric battery.
باطری انباری

Question 161

entertainment

Answer 161

Noun
a performance or show

1 a : amusement or diversion provided especially by performers hired a band to provide entertainment

b : something diverting or engaging: such as (1) : a public performance (2) : a usually light comic or adventure novel

2 : the act of entertaining

3 a archaic : maintenance, provision

b obsolete : employment

Question 162

century

Answer 162

Noun
a period of 100 years

♦ noun– plural ˈcenturies –
1 a (period of a) hundred years: the 19th century; for more than a century.
قرن

2 in cricket, a hundred runs: He has just made his second century this year.
تلاش صد امتیازی

Question 163

ancient

Answer 163

Adjective
very old; of the distant past

♦ adjective
1 relating to times long ago, especially before the collapse of Rome: ancient history.
باستانی؛ کهن

2 very old: an ancient sweater.
کهنه

Question 164

found

Answer 164

Verb
to start or establish an institution

found·ed; found·ing; founds
transitive verb
1 : to take the first steps in building

2 : to set or ground on something solid : base

3 : to establish (something) often with provision for future maintenance found an institution

Question 165

venue

Answer 165

Noun
place where an event is held

1 a : locale; also : a place where events of a specific type are held music venues

b : outlet

2 a : the place from which a jury is drawn and in which trial is held requested a change of venue

b : the place or county in which take place the alleged events from which a legal action arises

c : a statement showing that a case is brought to the proper court or authority

Question 166

popular

Answer 166

Adj
liked by many people

♦ adjective
1 liked by most people: a popular holiday resort; a popular person; She is very popular with children.
محبوب؛ پر طرفدار

2 believed by most people: a popular theory.
عمومی

3 of the people in general: popular rejoicing.
مردمی

4 easily read, understood etc by most people: a popular history of Britain.
غیر تخصصی

ˈpopularly
♦ adverb
amongst, or by, most people: He was popularly believed to have magical powers.
بطور همگانی

ˈpopuˈlarity [-ˈlӕ-]
♦ noun
the state of being well liked.
محبوبیت

ˈpopularize, *ˈpopularise
♦ verb
to make popular or widely known: She did much to popularize women’s sport.
شناساندن؛ رایج کردن

Question 167

spectator

Answer 167

Noun
a person who watches an event

♦ noun
a person who watches (an event): Fifty thousand spectators came to the match.
تماشاچي

specˈtate
♦ verb
to be a spectator (at an event).

Question 168

exhibit

Answer 168

Noun
something shown to the public; a display

♦ verb
1 to show; to display to the public: My picture is to be exhibited in the art gallery.
به نمایش گذاشتن؛ نشان دادن

2 to show (a quality etc ): He exhibited a complete lack of concern for others.
بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

♦ noun
1 an object displayed publicly (eg in a museum): One of the exhibits is missing.
کالای نمایشی؛ کار عرضه شده

2 an object or document produced in court as part of the evidence: The blood-stained scarf was exhibit number one in the murder trial.
مدرک؛ سند

exhibition [eksiˈbiʃən]
♦ noun
1 a public display (eg of works of art, industrial goods etc ): an exhibition of children’s books.
به نمایش گذاری؛ عرضه

2 an act of showing or revealing: What an exhibition of bad temper!
نمود؛ عرضه

exˈhibitor
♦ noun
a person who provides an exhibit for a display etc : He is one of the exhibitors at the flower show.
عرضه کننده؛ نشان دهنده

Question 169

exotic

Answer 169

Adj.
unusual; from a foreign place

♦ adjective
1 unusual or colourful: exotic clothes.
عجیب غریب

2 brought or introduced from a foreign country: exotic plants.
خارجی؛ بیگانه

Question 170

renovation

Answer 170

Noun
repair or rebuilding

ren·o·vat·ed; ren·o·vat·ing

1 : to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)

2 : to restore to life, vigor, or activity : revive the church was renovated by a new ecumenical spirit

ren·o·va·tion noun
ren·o·va·tive adjective
ren·o·va·tor noun

Question 171

massive

Answer 171

Adj
very big

♦ adjective
huge or heavy: a massive building; a massive burden of taxation.
حجیم وسنگین

ˈmassively
♦ adverb
به صورت گسترده

ˈmassiveness
♦ noun
حجیم

Question 172

سرگرمی

Answer 172

entertainment

Noun
a performance or show

1 a : amusement or diversion provided especially by performers hired a band to provide entertainment

b : something diverting or engaging: such as (1) : a public performance (2) : a usually light comic or adventure novel

2 : the act of entertaining

3 a archaic : maintenance, provision

b obsolete : employment

Question 173

قرن

Answer 173

century

♦ noun– plural ˈcenturies –

1 a (period of a) hundred years: the 19th century; for more than a century.
قرن

2 in cricket, a hundred runs: He has just made his second century this year.
تلاش صد امتیازی

Question 174

باستانی؛ کهن

کهنه

Answer 174

ancient

Adj.
very old; of the distant past

♦ adjective
1 relating to times long ago, especially before the collapse of Rome: ancient history.
باستانی؛ کهن

2 very old: an ancient sweater.
کهنه

Question 175

تاسیس کردن
بنیاد نهادن
ریختن
قالب کردن
پایه زدن

Answer 175

found

Verb
to start or establish an institution

found·ed; found·ing; founds
transitive verb
1 : to take the first steps in building

2 : to set or ground on something solid : base

3 : to establish (something) often with provision for future maintenance found an institution

Question 176

محل وقوع (حادثه)

Answer 176

venue

Noun
place where an event is held

1 a : locale; also : a place where events of a specific type are held music venues

b : outlet

2 a : the place from which a jury is drawn and in which trial is held requested a change of venue

b : the place or county in which take place the alleged events from which a legal action arises

c : a statement showing that a case is brought to the proper court or authority

Question 177

محبوب؛ پرطرفدار
عمومی
مردمی
غیرتخصصی

Answer 177

popular

Adj.
liked by many people

♦ adjective
1 liked by most people: a popular holiday resort; a popular person; She is very popular with children.
محبوب؛ پر طرفدار

2 believed by most people: a popular theory.
عمومی

3 of the people in general: popular rejoicing.
مردمی

4 easily read, understood etc by most people: a popular history of Britain.
غیر تخصصی

ˈpopularly
♦ adverb
amongst, or by, most people: He was popularly believed to have magical powers.
بطور همگانی

ˈpopuˈlarity [-ˈlӕ-]
♦ noun
the state of being well liked.
محبوبیت

ˈpopularize, *ˈpopularise
♦ verb
to make popular or widely known: She did much to popularize women’s sport.
شناساندن؛ رایج کردن

Question 178

تماشاچی

Answer 178

spectator

Noun
a person who watches an event

♦ noun
a person who watches (an event): Fifty thousand spectators came to the match.
تماشاچي

specˈtate
♦ verb
to be a spectator (at an event).

Question 179

به نمایش گذاشتن؛ نشان دادن

بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

Answer 179

exhibit

Noun
something shown to the public; a display

♦ verb
1 to show; to display to the public: My picture is to be exhibited in the art gallery.
به نمایش گذاشتن؛ نشان دادن

2 to show (a quality etc ): He exhibited a complete lack of concern for others.
بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

♦ noun
1 an object displayed publicly (eg in a museum): One of the exhibits is missing.
کالای نمایشی؛ کار عرضه شده

2 an object or document produced in court as part of the evidence: The blood-stained scarf was exhibit number one in the murder trial.
مدرک؛ سند

exhibition [eksiˈbiʃən]
♦ noun
1 a public display (eg of works of art, industrial goods etc ): an exhibition of children’s books.
به نمایش گذاری؛ عرضه

2 an act of showing or revealing: What an exhibition of bad temper!
نمود؛ عرضه

exˈhibitor
♦ noun
a person who provides an exhibit for a display etc : He is one of the exhibitors at the flower show.
عرضه کننده؛ نشان دهنده

Question 180

عجیب و غریب

خارجی و بیگانه

Answer 180

exotic

Adj.
unusual; from a foreign place

♦ adjective
1 unusual or colourful: exotic clothes.
عجیب غریب

2 brought or introduced from a foreign country: exotic plants.
خارجی؛ بیگانه

Question 181

نوسازی
تعمیر
اصلاح
باز نوساخت

Answer 181

renovation

Noun
repair or rebuilding

ren·o·vat·ed; ren·o·vat·ing

1 : to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)

2 : to restore to life, vigor, or activity : revive the church was renovated by a new ecumenical spirit

ren·o·va·tion noun
ren·o·va·tive adjective
ren·o·va·tor noun

Question 182

حجیم و سنگین

Answer 182

massive

♦ adjective
huge or heavy: a massive building; a massive burden of taxation.
حجیم وسنگین

ˈmassively
♦ adverb
به صورت گسترده

ˈmassiveness
♦ noun
حجیم

Question 183

بقیه
پس مانده
Noun
a small leftover piece

Answer 183

remnant

♦ noun
a small piece or amount or a small number left over from a larger piece, amount or number: The shop is selling remnants of cloth at half price; the remnant of the army.
بقیه؛ پس مانده

Question 184

Adv.
for always

به طور همیشگی
به طور دائمی
به طور ثابت

Answer 184

permanently

Adverb
1. for a long time without essential change; “he is permanently disabled”

Question 185

Verb
to make something smaller

کاهش دادن؛ پایین آوردن
لاغر شدن؛ وزن کم کردن
تبدیل کردن

Answer 185

reduce

♦ verb
1 to make less, smaller etc : The shop reduced its prices; The train reduced speed.
کاهش دادن؛ پایین آوردن

2 to lose weight by dieting: I must reduce to get into that dress.
لاغر شدن؛ وزن کم کردن

3 to drive, or put, into a particular (bad) state: The bombs reduced the city to ruins; She was so angry, she was almost reduced to tears; During the famine, many people were reduced to eating grass and leaves.
تبدیل کردن

reˈducible
♦ adjective
ساده شدنی؛ تقلیل پذیر

reˈduction [-ˈdak-]
♦ noun
The government promised a reduction in prices later; price reductions.
کاهش

Question 186

Noun
a small group

بند؛ تسمه
نوار
باند

Answer 186

band

♦ noun
1 a strip of material to put round something: a rubber band.
بند؛ تسمه

2 a stripe of a colour etc : a skirt with a band of red in it.
نوار

3 in radio etc , a group of frequencies or wavelengths: the medium waveband.
باند

Question 187

Verb
to grow and change

توسعه یافتن؛ گسترش دادن
به تدریج کسب کردن؛ گرفتن
نمایان شدن؛ بروز کردن
ظاهر کردن (عکس)

Answer 187

develop

past tense, past participle developed –

♦ verb
1 to (cause to) grow bigger or to a more advanced state: The plan developed slowly in his mind; It has developed into a very large city.
توسعه یافتن؛ گسترش دادن

2 to acquire gradually: He developed the habit of getting up early.
به تدریج کسب کردن؛ گرفتن

3 to become active, visible etc : Spots developed on her face.
نمایان شدن؛ بروز کردن

4 to use chemicals to make (a photograph) visible: My brother develops all his own films.
ظاهر کردن

deˈvelopment
♦ noun
1 the process or act of developing: a crucial stage in the development of a child.
رشد؛ گسترش

2 something new which is the result of developing: important new developments in science.
رویداد

Question 188

Noun
a special ability

استعداد

Answer 188

talent

♦ noun
a special ability or cleverness; a skill: a talent for drawing.
استعداد

ˈtalented
♦ adjective
(negative untalented ) naturally clever or skilful; having or showing great ability: a talented pianist.
با استعداد

Question 189

Verb
to continue; stay alive

زنده ماندن
بیشتر عمر کردن

Answer 189

survive

♦ verb
1 to remain alive in spite of (a disaster etc ): Few birds managed to survive the bad winter; He didn’t survive long after the accident.
زنده ماندن

2 to live longer than: He died in 1940 but his wife survived him by another twenty years; He is survived by his wife and two sons.
بيشتر عمر كردن

surˈvival
♦ noun
the state of surviving: the problem of survival in sub-zero temperatures; (also adjective ) survival equipment.
بقا

surˈviving
♦ adjective
remaining alive: She has no surviving relatives.
زنده ماندن

surˈvivor
♦ noun
a person who survives a disaster etc : There were no survivors of the air crash.
كسيكه خطر مرگ از سر گذرانده

Question 190

Noun
greatness

شکوه

Answer 190

grandeur

♦ noun
great and impressive beauty: the grandeur of the Alps.
شکوه

Question 191

Noun
the condition of being very overweight
مرض چاقی
فربهی

Answer 191

obesity

Noun
more than average fatness

Question 192

Adj. 
related to the body
جسمی
مادی
وابسته به علوم طبیعی

Answer 192

physical

♦ adjective
1 of the body: Playing football is one form of physical fitness.
جسمی

2 of things that can be seen or felt: the physical world.
مادی

3 of the laws of nature: It’s a physical impossibility for a man to fly like a bird.
وابسته به علوم طبیعی

4 relating to the natural features of the surface of the Earth: physical geography.
چهری

5 relating to physics: physical chemistry.
فیزیکی

ˈphysically
♦ adverb
فیزیکی؛ از نظر جسمانی

physical ˈeducation
♦ noun(abbreviation )
PE; physical training (gymnastics) and sport taught as a subject at school.
ورزش

Question 193

Adj.
very important
حیاتی؛ سرنوشت‌ساز

Answer 193

crucial

♦ adjective
involving a big decision; of the greatest importance: He took the crucial step of asking her to marry him; The next game is crucial – if we lose it we lose the match.
حیاتی؛ سرنوشت ساز

Question 194

Adj.
related to thinking

فکری
عقلانی
ذهنی

خردمند
روشن

Answer 194

intellectual

فکری
عقلانی
ذهنی

خردمند
روشن‌فکر

1 a : of or relating to the intellect or its use

b : developed or chiefly guided by the intellect rather than by emotion or experience : rational

c : requiring use of the intellect intellectual games

2 a : given to study, reflection, and speculation

b : engaged in activity requiring the creative use of the intellect intellectual playwrights

in·tel·lec·tu·al·i·ty noun
in·tel·lec·tu·al·ly adverb
in·tel·lec·tu·al·ness noun

Question 195

Adj.
overpowering; very large

فشارآور
مقاومت‌ناپذیر
سخت
زیاد

Answer 195

overwhelming

فشارآور
مقاومت‌ناپذیر
سخت
زیاد

: tending or serving to overwhelm overwhelming force overwhelming evidence; also : extreme, great overwhelming indifference an overwhelming majority

Question 196

v. 
to experience something difficult or painful
درد کشیدن
تجربه‌ی شکست کردن
از سر گذراندن
رنج کشیدن

Answer 196

suffer

♦ verb
1 to undergo, endure or bear pain, misery etc : He suffered terrible pain from his injuries; The crash killed him instantly – he didn’t suffer at all; I’ll make you suffer for this insolence.
درد كشيدن

2 to undergo or experience: The army suffered enormous losses.
تجربه شكست كردن

3 to be neglected: I like to see you enjoying yourself, but you mustn’t let your work suffer.
از سر گذراندن

4 (with from ) to have or to have often (a particular illness etc ): She suffers from stomach-aches.
رنج كشيدن

ˈsuffering
♦ noun
(a feeling of) pain or misery: The shortage of food caused widespread suffering; She keeps complaining about her sufferings.
رنج

Question 197

Adv. 
Only
تنها
فقط
محضا

Answer 197

merely

and nothing more; “I was merely asking”

Question 198

n.
a feeling such as anger or love
احساس؛
شور؛ هیجان

Answer 198

emotion

♦ noun
1 a (strong) feeling of any kind: Fear, joy, anger, love, jealousy are all emotions.
احساس

2 the moving or upsetting of the mind or feelings: He was overcome by/with emotion.
شور؛ هیجان

eˈmotional
♦ adjective
1 of the emotions: Emotional problems are affecting her work.
احساسی؛ عاطفی

2 (negative unemotional ) causing or showing emotion: an emotional farewell.
پرشور؛ هیجان زده

3 (negative unemotional ) (of a person) easily affected by joy, anger, grief etc : She is a very emotional person; She is very emotional.
احساساتی

eˈmotionally
♦ adverb
از نظر احساسی

Question 199

V.
to refresh; restore
دوباره جوان کردن
جوان ‌سازی؛ نوسازی؛ احیا

Answer 199

rejuvenate

♦ verb
to make young again.
دوباره جوان کردن

reˌjuveˈnation
♦ noun
جوان سازی؛ احیا

Question 200

Adv.
intentionally; on purpose
عمداً

Answer 200

deliberately
عمداً

: in a deliberate manner: such as
a : with full awareness of what one is doing : in a way that is intended or planned trying deliberately to mislead us a deliberately harsh review It’s very clear, however, that organizations funded in part by the fossil fuel industry have deliberately tried to undermine the public’s understanding of the scientific consensus by promoting a few skeptics. — Joel Achenbach

b : in a way that is not hurried : slowly and carefully speaking clearly and deliberately He moves deliberately, almost cautiously, and he speaks with the assurance of someone who is accustomed to being listened to. — Alec Wilkinson

Question 201

Adj.
not active
بی‌تفاوت؛ آرام
مجهول

Answer 201

passive

♦ adjective
1 showing no interest, emotion etc , or not resisting an attack etc : The villagers showed passive resistance to the enemy
بی تفاوت؛ آرام

2 of the form of the verb used when the subject receives the action of the verb: The boy was bitten by the dog.
مجهول

ˈpassively
♦ adverb
با بی تفاوتی

ˈpassiveness
♦ noun
بی تفاوتی

pasˈsivity
♦ noun
عدم فعالیت

Question 202

N.
a free time activity
سرگرمی

Answer 202

pastime

♦ noun
an occupation which one enjoys and takes part in during one’s spare time; a hobby: Playing chess is his favourite pastime.
سرگرمی

Question 203

Adj.
not wanting to do something; unwilling
بی‌میل

Answer 203

reluctant

♦ adjective
unwilling: He was reluctant to accept the medal for his bravery.
بی میل

reˈluctantly
♦ adverb
با بی میلی

reˈluctance
♦ noun
I don’t understand his reluctance to go.
اکراه؛ بیزاری

Question 204

N.

constant sadness

Answer 204

depression

1 : an act of depressing or a state of being depressed: such as
a (1) : a state of feeling sad : dejection anger, anxiety, and depression (2) : a mood disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies bouts of depression suffering from clinical depression

b (1) : a reduction in activity, amount, quality, or force a depression in trade (2) biology : a lowering of physical or mental vitality or of functional activity

c : a pressing down : lowering a depression of the tab key

2 economics : a period of low general economic activity marked especially by rising levels of unemployment heading towards a depression periods of economic depression

3 : a place or part that is lower than the surrounding area : a depressed place or part : hollow The chicken pox left several depressions in her skin.

4 meteorology : 4low a tropical depression

5 a astronomy : the angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon
b mathematics : the size of an angle of depression

Question 205

N.
a person with power or special knowledge

اختیار؛ حق
کارشناس؛ مرجع
مسئولان امور
اقتدار

Answer 205

authority

plural auˈthorities –
♦ noun
1 the power or right to do something: He gave me authority to act on his behalf.
اختیار؛ حق

2 a person who is an expert, or a book that can be referred to, on a particular subject: He is an authority on Roman history.
کارشناس؛ مرجع

3 (usually in plural ) the person or people who have power in an administration etc : The authorities would not allow public meetings.
مسئولان امور

4 a natural quality in a person which makes him able to control and influence people: a man of authority.
اقتدار

auˌthoriˈtarian
♦ adjective
considering obedience to authority more important than personal freedom: an authoritarian government.
دیکتاتور؛ مستبد

auˈthoritative [-tətiv, (American) -teitiv]
♦ adjective
said or written by an expert or a person in authority: an authoritative opinion.
قابل اطمینان؛ موثق

Question 206

V. 
to admit, accept as true
اعتراف کردن
اعلام کردن
قدردانی کردن
محل گذاشتن؛ جواب سلام دادن

Answer 206

acknowledge

♦ verb
1 to admit as being fact: He acknowledged defeat; He acknowledged that I was right.
اعتراف کردن

2 to say (usually in writing) that one has received (something): He acknowledged the letter.
اعلام کردن

3 to give thanks for: He acknowledged their help.
قدردانی کردن

4 to greet someone: He acknowledged her by waving.
محل گذاشتن؛ جواب سلام دادن

acknowledg(e)ment
♦ noun
اعتراف؛ قدردانی

Question 207

Adj.
easy to see, clear
واضح؛ بدیهی

Answer 207

obvious

♦ adjective
easily seen or understood; evident: It was obvious that she was ill; an obvious improvement.
واضح؛ بدیهی

ˈobviously
♦ adverb
it is clear (that something is the case): Obviously, I’ll need some help.
بدیهی است که؛ بطور واضح

Question 208

N.
a large piece
تکه‌ی کلفت

Answer 208

chunk

♦ noun
a thick piece of anything, as wood, bread etc : chunks of meat.
تکۀ کلفت

ˈchunky
♦ adjective
1 solid and strong: a chunky body.
ستبر و عضلانی

2 containing chunks.
دارای تکه های بزرگ؛ قلمبه سلمبه

Question 209

Adj.

hardworking

Answer 209

industrious

1 : constantly, regularly, or habitually active or occupied : diligent an industrious worker

2 obsolete : skillful, ingenious

in·dus·tri·ous·ly adverb

in·dus·tri·ous·ness noun

Question 210

V.
to participate in something

استخدام کردن
رزرو کردن
جلب کردن؛ به سوی خود کشیدن
درگیر شدن
جا افتادن؛ تو دنده افتادن

Answer 210

engage

♦ verb
1 to begin to employ (a workman etc ): He engaged him as his assistant.
استخدام کردن

2 to book; to reserve: He has engaged an entertainer for the children’s party.
رزرو کردن

3 to take hold of or hold fast; to occupy: to engage someone’s attention.
جلب کردن؛ به سوی خود کشیدن

4 to join battle with: The two armies were fiercely engaged.
درگیر شدن

5 to (cause part of a machine etc to) fit into and lock with another part: The driver engaged second gear.
جا افتادن؛ تو دنده افتادن

enˈgaged
♦ adjective
1 bound by promise (especially to marry): She became engaged to John.
نامزد

2 (with in ) employed or occupied: She is engaged in social work.
شاغل

3 busy; not free; occupied: Please come if you are not already engaged for that evening; The room / telephone line is engaged.
مشغول

enˈgagement
♦ noun
the engagement of three new assistants; When shall we announce our engagement?; Have you any engagements tomorrow?; a naval engagement (= battle); (also adjective ) an engagement ring.
نامزدی؛ مشغولیت؛ وعده؛ نبرد

enˈgaging
♦ adjective
attractive: an engaging smile.
جذاب؛ دلنشین

Question 211

Adj.

difficult

Answer 211

tricky

trickier; trickiest
1 : inclined to or marked by trickery

2 a : giving a deceptive impression of easiness, simplicity, or order : ticklish a tricky path through the swamp

b : trick

3 : requiring skill, knack, or caution (as in doing or handling) : difficult a tricky problem; also : ingenious a tricky rhythm

trickily adverb

trickiness noun

Question 212

V.

to throw light on something

Answer 212

cast

past tense past participle cast –

♦ verb
1 to throw: The angler cast his line into the river; These facts cast new light on the matter; She cast him a look of hatred.
انداختن

2 to get rid of; to take off: Some snakes cast their skins.
ریختن؛ انداختن

3 to shape (metal etc ) by pouring into a mould: Metal is melted before it is cast.
قالب گیری کردن

4 to give a part in a play etc to: She was cast as Lady Macbeth.
نقش تعیین کردن

5 to select the actors for (a film etc ): The director is casting (the film) tomorrow.
هنرپیشه برگزیدن

6 to give (a vote): I cast my vote for the younger candidate.
دادن

♦ noun
1 a throw: At his third cast he caught a fish.

2 something made by moulding: The doctor put a plaster cast on his broken leg.

3 a mould: The hot metal is poured into a cast.

4 the complete set of actors in a play, opera etc : the whole cast of the play.

5 something that is ejected by certain animals, eg the earthworm: worm casts all over the grass.

ˈcastaway
♦ noun
a shipwrecked person.
درمانده؛ بی پناه

casting vote
the deciding vote of the chairman of a meeting when the other votes are equally divided.
رأی سرنوشت ساز

cast iron
unpurified iron melted and shaped in a mould.
چدن

ˈcast-iron
♦ adjective
1 made of cast iron: a cast-iron frying-pan.
چدنی

2 very strong: cast-iron muscles.
قوی؛ نیرومند

ˈcast-off
♦ noun,
♦ adjective
(a piece of clothing etc ) no longer needed: cast-off clothes; I don't want my sister's cast-offs.
دور انداختنی؛ بدرد نخور

cast off
1 to untie (the mooring lines of a boat).
باز کردن

2 (also cast aside ) to reject as unwanted.
دور انداختن؛ ول کردن

3 in knitting, to finish (the final row of stitches).
آخرین ردیف بافتنی را بافتن

cast on
in knitting, to make the first row of stitches.
اولین ردیف بافتنی را بافتن

Question 213

Adj.
weak; without defense
آسیب‌پذیر

Answer 213

vulnerable

♦ adjective
unprotected against attack; liable to be hurt or damaged: Small animals are often vulnerable to attack.
آسیب پذیر

ˌvulneraˈbility
♦ noun
آسیب پذیری

Question 214

N.
a terrible event
مصیبت؛ فاجعه

Answer 214

disaster

♦ noun
a terrible event, especially one that causes great damage, loss etc : The earthquake was the greatest disaster the country had ever experienced.
مصیبت؛ فاجعه

diˈsastrous
♦ adjective
مصیبت بار؛ فاجعه آمیز

diˈsastrously
♦ adverb
بطور مصیبت بار

Question 215

Adj.
easy to carry
قابل حمل

Answer 215

portable

♦ adjective
able to be carried, or moved easily from place to place: a portable radio.
قابل حمل

portable computer
♦ noun
کامپیوتر کوچک و قابل حمل

Question 216

N.
cargo carried by a train, truck, or ship
بار
کرایه بار

Answer 216

freight

♦ noun
1 goods being carried from place to place: air-freight; (also adjective ) a freight train.
بار

2 the money charged for carrying such goods: He charged me $100 freight.
کرایه بار

ˈfreighter
♦ noun
a ship (or aircraft) that carries freight rather than passengers.
کشتی یا هواپیمای باری

Question 217

n.
a new idea or product
نوآوری

Answer 217

innovation

♦ noun
(the act of making) a change or a new arrangement etc : The new system in the school canteen was a welcome innovation.
نوآوری

ˈinnovator
♦ noun
مبتکر

Question 218

N.
an object that produces light
(شخص یا چیز) روشن کننده، نور افکن، فروغ افکن

Answer 218

illuminator

noun
person or thing that illuminates; source of light; illustrator

Question 219

N.
a hard bump in wood

گره (طناب)
گره (چوب)
گروه
گره (سرعت کشتی)

گره زدن

Answer 219

knot

♦ noun
1 a lump or join made in string, rope etc by twisting the ends together and drawing tight the loops formed: She fastened the string round the parcel, tying it with a knot.
گره

2 a lump in wood at the join between a branch and the trunk: This wood is full of knots.
گره

3 a group or gathering: a small knot of people
گروه

4 a measure of speed for ships (about 1.85 km per hour).
گره

♦ verb– past tense, past particple ˈknotted –
to tie in a knot: He knotted the rope around the post.
گره زدن

ˈknotty
♦ adjective
1 containing knots.
پر گره

2 (of a problem etc ) difficult: a knotty problem.
دشوار

Question 220

N.

the engine of a train

Answer 220

locomotive

♦ noun
a railway engine.
لوکوموتیو

ˌlocoˈmotion [-ˈməuʃən]
♦ noun
the process of moving from place to place.
نقل و انتقال

Question 221

N.
an object that sends light back or makes it stronger
بازتابنده
جسم منعکس‌کننده/صیقلی

Answer 221

reflector

1 : one that reflects; especially : a polished surface for reflecting light or other radiation

2 : a telescope in which the principal focusing element is a mirror

Question 222

V.
to make or produce
تولید کردن؛ ایجاد کردن

Answer 222

generate

♦ verb
to cause or produce: This machine generates electricity; His suggestions generated a lot of ill-feeling.
تولید کردن؛ ایجاد کردن

ˌgeneˈration
♦ noun
1 one stage in the descent of a family: All three generations – children, parents and grandparents – lived together quite happily.
نسل

2 people born at about the same time: People of my generation all think the same way about this.
نسل

the generation gap
♦ noun
the difference in views and the lack of understanding between younger and older people.
اختلاف نسل ها

ˈgenerator
♦ noun
a machine which produces electricity, gas etc : The hospital has an emergency generator.
ژنراتور

Question 223

V.
to show or exhibit
آشکار کردن؛ به معرض نمایش گذاشتن
بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

نمایش؛ عیان‌سازی
نمایش
نمایش‌دهنده
صفحه‌ی نمایش

Answer 223

display

♦ verb
1 to set out for show: The china was displayed in a special cabinet.
آشکار کردن؛ به معرض نمایش گذاشتن

2 to show: She displayed a talent for mimicry.
بروز دادن؛ نشان دادن

♦ noun
1 (an) act of showing or making clear: a display of military strength.
نمایش؛ عیان سازی

2 an entertainment etc intended to show the ability etc of those taking part: a dancing display.
نمایش

3 something which shows or sets out something else: an advertising display.
شی مورد نمایش

4 the part of a video recorder, calculator, digital watch etc that shows numbers, the date, time, or other information.
صفحه نمایش

Question 224

Adj.

very strong

Answer 224

intense

♦ adjective
very great: intense heat; intense hatred.
شدید

inˈtensely
♦ adverb
very much: I dislike that sort of behaviour intensely.
به شدت؛ زیاد

inˈtenseness
♦ noun
شدت

inˈtensity
♦ noun
the quality of being intense: the intensity of the heat.
شدت

inˈtensive [-siv]
♦ adjective
very great; showing or having great care etc : The police began an intensive search for the murderer; The hospital has just opened a new intensive care unit.
شدید؛ فشرده

inˈtensively
♦ adverb
بطور شدید

inˈtensiveness
♦ noun
شدت

Question 225

N. 
a problem; disadvantage 
اشکال
مانع
زیان
بی‌فایدگی

Answer 225

drawback

1 : a refund of duties especially on an imported product subsequently exported or used to produce a product for export

2 : an objectionable feature : disadvantage The plan’s only drawback is its cost.

Question 226

V.
to provide with something
مجهز کردن

Answer 226

equip

♦ verb– past tense, past participle eˈquipped –

to fit out or provide with everything needed: He was fully equipped for the journey; The school is equipped with four computers.
مجهز کردن

eˈquipment
♦ noun
1 the clothes, machines, tools etc necessary for a particular kind of work, activity etc : The mechanic could not repair the car because he did not have the right equipment; The boy could not afford the equipment necessary for mountaineering.
وسایل؛ تجهیز

2 the act of equipping.
مجهز سازی

Question 227

Adj.
able to work without waste
لایق؛ کارآمد
موثر؛ ثمربخش

Answer 227

efficient

♦ adjective
1 (of a person) capable; skilful: a very efficient secretary.
لایق؛ کارامد

2 (of an action, tool etc ) producing (quick and) satisfactory results: The new lawn mower is much more efficient than the old one.
موثر؛ ثمربخش

efˈficiently
♦ adverb
بطور موثر

efˈficiency
♦ noun
کارآیی؛ بازده

Question 228

N.

method

Answer 228

mode

♦ noun
1 a manner of doing something: an unusual mode of expression.
طریقه

2 a kind or type: modes of transport.
طرز

3 a fashion: Large hats are the latest mode.
مد

ˈmodish
♦ adjective
fashionable and smart.
شیک

ˈmodishly
♦ adverb
مد وار

Question 229

Adj. 
strict; firm
دقیق
سخت
تند و تیز
محکم بسته شده

Answer 229

stringent

1 : tight, constricted

2 : marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standard stringent decontamination procedures

3 : marked by money scarcity and credit strictness a stringent budget

stringently adverb

Question 230

Adj.
strong; able to stand rough treatment
صخره‌ای
سخت؛ تنومند؛ سختگیر

Answer 230

rugged

♦ adjective
1 rocky; uneven: rugged mountains.
صخره ای

2 strong; tough: a rugged character; He had rugged good looks; He is tall and rugged.
سخت؛ تنومند؛ سخت گیر

ˈruggedly
♦ adverb
به شدت؛ با ناهمواری

ˈruggedness
♦ noun
شدت؛ سختی

Question 231

Adj. 
basic
ذاتی
باطنی
حقیقی
طبیعی
ذهنی
اصلی

Answer 231

intrinsic

1 a : belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing the intrinsic worth of a gem the intrinsic brightness of a star
b : being or relating to a semiconductor in which the concentration of charge carriers is characteristic of the material itself instead of the content of any impurities it contains
2 a : originating or due to causes within a body, organ, or part an intrinsic metabolic disease
b : originating and included wholly within an organ or part intrinsic muscles — compare extrinsic

Question 232

Adj.

below the ground

Answer 232

underground

♦ adjective
below the surface of the ground: underground railways; underground streams.
زیرزمینی

♦ adverb
1 (to a position) under the surface of the ground: Rabbits live underground.
در زیر زمین

2 into hiding: He will go underground if the police start looking for him.
بطور پنهانی؛ مخفیانه

[ˈandəgraund]noun
(American ˈsubway ) an underground railway: She hates travelling by/on the underground.
مترو

Question 233

N.
the main or most important feature
بخش عمده

Answer 233

centerpiece

1 : an object occupying a central position; especially : an adornment in the center of a table

2 : one that is of central importance or interest in a larger whole the centerpiece of a political agenda

Question 234

N.
a person traveling on foot
عابر پیاده
بی‌روح؛ پیش پا افتاده

Answer 234

pedestrian

♦ noun
a person who travels on foot: Three pedestrians were hit by the car.
عابر پیاده

♦ adjective
ordinary; rather boring or unexciting: a pedestrian account.
بی روح؛ پیش پا افتاده

Question 235

V. 
to fill so much as to make movement difficult 
کفش چوبی
مسدود کردن
زیادی پر کردن

Answer 235

clog

♦ noun
1 a shoe made entirely of wood: Dutch clogs.
کفش چوبی

2 a shoe with a wooden sole.
کفشی با کفه چوبی

verb
1 a : to impede with a clog : hinder

b : to halt or retard the progress, operation, or growth of : encumber restraints that have been clogging the market — T. W. Arnold

2 a : to fill beyond capacity : overload cars clogged the main street — often used with up petty cases clogging up the courts

b : to cause blockage in — often used with up arteries clogged up by cholesterol
intransitive verb

1 : to become filled with extraneous matter — often used with up

2 : to unite in a mass : clot

3 : to dance a clog dance

clogger noun

Question 236

Adj. 
stopping the usual course of activity 
نفاق افکن
درهم گسیخته
مختل‌کننده

Answer 236

disruptive

: disrupting or tending to disrupt some process, activity, condition, etc. : causing or tending to cause disruption a disruptive weather pattern It is hoped that, if the child learns that disruptive behavior brings no rewards, his tantrums will diminish and perhaps stop. — Susan Sheehan In recent years, airlines began to carry plastic handcuffs as a way to restrain disruptive passengers. — Erik Holm Other teammates marvel at how easily he morphs from a mild-mannered family man in the locker room into a disruptive force on the field. — Jefri Chadiha

dis·rup·tive·ly adverb acting disruptively

dis·rup·tive·ness noun … the disruptiveness of climatic change will depend strongly on the rate of change. — Roger Revelle

Question 237

V. 
to let something out
رها کردن؛ آزاد کردن
خلاص کر‌دن
منتشر کردن
عرضه کر‌دن

آزادی
انتشار

Answer 237

release

♦ verb
1 to set free; to allow to leave: He was released from prison yesterday; I am willing to release him from his promise to me.
رها کردن؛ آزاد کردن

2 to stop holding etc ; to allow to move, fall etc : He released (his hold on) the rope.
رها کردن

3 to move (a catch, brake etc ) which prevents something else from moving, operating etc : He released the handbrake and drove off.
خلاص کردن

4 to allow (news etc ) to be made known publicly: The list of winners has just been released.
منتشر کردن

5 to offer (a film, record etc ) to the general public: Their latest record will be released next week.
عرضه کردن

♦ noun
1 the act of releasing or being released: After his release, the prisoner returned to his home town; the release of a new film; (also adjective ) the release catch.
آزادی

2 something that is released: This record is their latest release; The Government issued a press release (= a statement giving information about something, sent or given to newspapers, reporters etc ).
انتشار

Question 238

N.
an opening to let air, steam, or smoke out
هواکش؛ منفذ

خالی کردن

Answer 238

vent

♦ noun
a hole to allow air, smoke etc to pass out or in: an air-vent.
هواکش؛ منفذ

♦ verb
to give expression or an outlet to (an emotion etc ): He was angry with himself and vented his rage on his son by beating him violently.
خالی کردن

give vent to
to express (an emotion etc ) freely: He gave vent to his anger in a furious letter to the newspaper.
بیرون ریختن؛ آشکار کردن

Question 239

N. 
the working of something; being used
عمل
عمل جراحی
بهره‌برداری
عملکرد
ساخت

Answer 239

operation

1 : performance of a practical work or of something involving the practical application of principles or processes Practice until you can go through the whole operation without hesitation or thinking.

2 a : an exertion of power or influence the operation of a drug

b : the quality or state of being functional or operative The plant is now in operation.

c : a method or manner of functioning a machine of very simple operation

3 : efficacy, potency — archaic except in legal usage

4 : a procedure performed on a living body usually with instruments especially for the repair of damage or defect or the restoration of health needed an operation to remove his appendix

5 : any of various mathematical or logical processes (such as addition) of deriving one entity from others according to a rule Multiplication is one mathematical operation.

6 a : a usually military action, mission, or maneuver including its planning and execution military operations for a large-scale invasion

b op·er·a·tions plural : the office on the flight line of an airfield where pilots file clearance for flights and where flying from the field is controlled

c operations plural : the agency of an organization charged with carrying on the principal planning and operating functions of a headquarters and its subordinate units

7 : a business transaction especially when speculative continued his operations in cotton futures

8 : a single step performed by a computer in the execution of a program (see 1program)

9 : a usually small business or establishment ran a struggling operation

Question 240

N.
the act of ruining something

تخریب؛ انهدام
نابودی؛ تباهی

Answer 240

destruction

♦ noun
1 the act or process of destroying or being destroyed: the destruction of the city.
تخریب؛ انهدام

2 the state of being destroyed; ruin: a scene of destruction.
نابودی؛ تباهی

desˈtructive [-tiv]
♦ adjective
1 causing or able to cause destruction: Small children can be very destructive.
ویرانگر؛ خراب کننده

2 (of criticism etc ) pointing out faults etc without suggesting improvements.
غیرسازنده؛ منفی

deˈstructively
♦ adverb
بطور مخرب

deˈstructiveness
♦ noun
ویرانگری

Question 241

V.
to make bigger
گسترده کردن؛ پهن کردن

Answer 241

expand

♦ verb
to make or grow larger; to spread out wider: Metals expand when heated; He does exercises to expand his chest; The school’s activities have been expanded to include climbing and mountaineering.
گسترده کردن؛ پهن کردن

exˈpanse [-s]
♦ noun
a wide area or extent: an expanse of water.
گستره

exˈpansion [-ʃən]
♦ noun
the act or state of expanding: the expansion of metals.
گسترش؛ انبساط

Question 242

N. 
something that serves as protection 
پوشش
حامی
سپر

حفاظت کردن
پوشش دادن

Answer 242

shield

♦ noun
1 a broad piece of metal, wood etc carried as a protection against weapons.
پوشش

2 something or someone that protects: A thick steel plate acted as a heat shield.
حامي

3 a trophy shaped like a shield won in a sporting competition etc : My son has won the archery shield.
سپر

♦ verb
(often with from )
1 to protect: The goggles shielded the motorcyclist’s eyes from dust.
حفاظت كردن

2 to prevent from being seen clearly: That group of trees shields the house from the road.
پوشش دادن

Question 243

N. the outer part or top of something
سطح
ظاهر

رویه کشیدن
روی آب آمدن

Answer 243

surface

♦ noun
1 the outside part (of anything): Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water; This road has a very uneven surface.
سطح

2 the outward appearance of, or first impression made by, a person or thing: On the surface he seems cold and unfriendly, but he’s really a kind person.
ظاهر

♦ verb
1 to put a surface on (a road etc ): The road has been damaged by frost and will have to be surfaced again.
رويه كشيدن

2 (of a submarine, diver etc ) to come to the surface.
روي آب آمدن

surface mail
mail sent by ship, train etc and not by aeroplane.
پست زميني

Question 244

V.
to compete with
رقیب

رقابت کردن

Answer 244

rival

♦ noun
a person etc who tries to compete with another; a person who wants the same thing as someone else: For students of English, this dictionary is without a rival; The two brothers are rivals for the girl next door – they both want to marry her; (also adjective ) rival companies; rival teams.
رقیب

♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈrivalled , (American ) ˈrivaled –
to (try to) be as good as someone or something else: He rivals his brother as a chess-player; Nothing rivals football for excitement and entertainment.
رقابت کردن

ˈrivalry– plural ˈrivalries –
♦ noun
the state of or an instance of being rivals: the rivalry/rivalries between business companies.
رقابت؛ همچشمی

Question 245

N.
the style of a building
معماری
سبک معماری

Answer 245

architecture

1 : the art or science of building; specifically : the art or practice of designing and building structures and especially habitable ones

2 a : formation or construction resulting from or as if from a conscious act the architecture of the garden

b : a unifying or coherent form or structure a novel that lacks architecture

3 : architectural product or work buildings that comprise the architecture of the square

4 : a method or style of building Gothic architecture

5 : the manner in which the components of a computer or computer system are organized and integrated different program architectures

Question 246

V. 
to make an object or place beautiful 
تزیین کردن؛ آراستن
رنگ زدن؛ کاغذدیواری کردن
مدال دادن؛ نشان افتخار دادن

Answer 246

decorate

♦ verb
1 to add some kind of ornament etc to (something) to make more beautiful, striking etc : We decorated the Christmas tree with glass balls.
تزئین کردن؛ آراستن

2 to put paint, paper etc on the walls, ceiling and woodwork of (a room): He spent a week decorating the living-room.
رنگ زدن؛ کاغذ دیواری کردن

3 to give a medal or badge to (someone) as a mark of honour: He was decorated for his bravery.
مدال دادن؛ نشان افتخار دادن

ˌdecoˈration
♦ noun
1 something used to decorate: Christmas decorations.
وسیلۀ تزئین؛ آذین

2 the act of decorating: The decoration of the house will be a long job.
تزئین کردن

ˈdecorative [-rətiv]
♦ adjective
ornamental or beautiful (especially if not useful): a decorative arrangement of flowers.
تزئینی

ˈdecorator
♦ noun
a person who decorates rooms, houses etc : He was a painter and decorator.
دکوراتور؛ طراح داخلی

Question 247

N.
a setting in which to present something

ویترین
جعبه

در ویترین نمایش دادن

Answer 247

showcase

1 : a glazed case, box, or cabinet for displaying and protecting wares in a store or articles in a museum

2 : a setting, occasion, or medium for exhibiting something or someone especially in an attractive or favorable aspect

Question 248

V.
to use
به کار گرفتن

Answer 248

utilize

♦ verb
to find a useful purpose for (something): The extra money is being utilized to buy books for the school library.
به کار گرفتن

ˌutiliˈzation, *ˌutiliˈsation
♦ noun
به کارگیری

Question 249

N. 
central office for a military commander 
مرکز فرماندهی
مرکز کار
برج نظارت

Answer 249

headquarters

1 : a place from which a commander performs the functions of command

2 : the administrative center of an enterprise

Question 250

V.
to appear
پدید آمدن

Answer 250

spring up

to start to exist suddenly:

Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.

Question 251

V.
to cross
وجب‌ کردن

Answer 251

span

♦ noun
1 the length between the supports of a bridge or arch: The first span of the bridge is one hundred metres long.
دهانه

2 the full time for which anything lasts: Seventy or eighty years is the normal span of a man’s life.
دوره

♦ verb– past tense, past participle spanned –
to stretch across: A bridge spans the river.
پل زدن

Question 252

Adj.
related to the city
شهری

Answer 252

urban

♦ adjective
of, consisting of, or living in, a city or town: He dislikes urban life; urban traffic.
شهری

Question 253

Adj.
related to the countryside
روستایی؛ رعیتی

Answer 253

rural

♦ adjective
of the countryside: a rural area.
روستایی؛ رعیتی