Use the other one. Flashcards
What did the Judeo-Christian Dead Sea Scrolls note?
The division of human nature into two temperaments.
In the 6th century AD, what did Lin Xie test?
He tested people’s vulnerability to distraction by asking them to draw a circle and square simultaneously.
Describe Plato and Aristotles arguement of human nature.
The nature nurture debate, Plato favoured nativism or nature while Aristotle favoured empiricism or nurture.
What is Tabula Rasa?
Blank Slate
What did Rene Descartes conclude about the workings of the brain and mind?
That they are fundamentally different and communicate through the Pineal Gland.
Describe Thomas Hobbes thoughts on the brain and mind.
He believe that the mind is what the brain does.
What did Franz Joseph Gall believe brains and minds were linked by?
He believe they were linked by size, and there was a correlation between size and intelligence.
Who discovered the correlation between bumps on ones head and the brain regions underneath called Phrenology?
Franz Joseph Gall
What were Galls five main principles of Phrenology as stated in Outlines of Phrenology?
- Brain is an organ of the mind
- It consists of 36 intellectual or emotional facilities
- Each facility has a specific location
- Different people have different sizes facilities.
- The size difference is related to the strength of that facility.
What did Pierre Flourens find a relation between?
Between removing parts of the brain and the effects of that on the actions of that animal.
What did Paul Broca realize about the left half of the brain?
Once it was damaged like in one specific patient he has they could not produce language anymore.
What is the legitimate connection Physiology and Psychology?
Since the mind and body are obviously linked, nerve endings were immediately found as the connection between the two.
What did Hermann von Helmholz research?
He researched participants responses to stimulus in relation to nerve impulses and responses to test speed in relation to distance physically.
What theory did Darwin propose that relates to functionalism?
Natural Selection or Survival of the Fittest.
Who developed psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud.
What does psychoanalytical mean?
It is the uncovering of unconscious, repressed or early experiences in order to show their anxieties, conflicts and desires.
What two psychologists uncovered the new movement dubbed humanistic psychology?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
What is humanistic psychology?
It’s an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
What three schools of psychology were developed by the early 20th century?
Structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis.
Who was named the father of experimental psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt.
What did Wilhelm Wundt focus on studying?
Structuralism which studies the conscious brain.
Who brought structuralism to the United States?
Edward Titchener.
Who created the idea of Functionalism and poked holes in the rational of Structuralism?
William James.
What is psychoanalytic theory and the 5 stages of psychosexual development?
The 5 stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. He saw that if someone had a traumatizing experience during one of these stages, they may develop anxiety in that field.
What was the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
1- Physiological 2- Safety 3- Belonging/Love 4- Self-Esteem 5- Self-Actualization
Who developed behaviourism and believed that psychologists should restrict themselves to observable behaviour?
John B Watson.
What did Gestalt propose that contradicted what was said by John Watson?
He believed the brain worked as one, not a collaboration of multiple parts.
What movement deposed behaviourism?
Cognitive Psychology.
What is cognitive psychology and when was the period named the “cognitive revolution”?
It’s a sub-discipline of psychology that explored internal mental processes and this period was from 1950-1970.
In what two ways does cognitive psychology differ from all pervious psychological methods?
It legitimately uses the scientific method which is experimentation, not just introspection.
It also explicitly acknowledged internal mental states.
What psychologist who was involved with cognitive psychology tested the limits of human multitasking?
Donald Broadbent.
What did Broadbent do with his studies on multitasking?
Realized there is a certain human capacity for multitasking so he made sure cockpits for pilots were made correctly as not to overwhelm the pilots.
Who studies the capacity of memory and the amount of digits the average person can memorize?
George Miller and 7.
What is behavioural neuroscience and who was a main investigator of this concept?
It is where the mind meets the brain, Karl Lashley trained rats to run, and then removed parts of their brains to see how this would effect their actions.
What was the previous term for behavioural neuroscience links the body and mind together through electric-chemical brain responses?
Physiological Psychology.
What are three tests within cognitive neuroscience?
EEG, fMRI and PET.
What is an “EEG”?
Electroencephalography. It is a recording of electrical activity along the scalp.
What is a “fMRI”?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging. This measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow.
What is a “PET”?
Positron emission tomography. This is a nuclear imaging technique that creates a 3D imagine of functional processes in the brain using gamma rays.
What is evolutionary psychology and who influenced it?
It is a psychological approach that explains behaviour in contrast with the problems our ancestors faced involving natural selection. It was influenced by Darwin and James.
How does evolutionary psychology relate to casual sex?
Women are selective in their mating due to having to give birth while men are just looking to push forward their genetic heritage.
What is the main difference between social psychology and other types?
Social psychology involves interpersonal behaviour due to how humans are social beings.
Who developed experiments to reveal demonstrate factors of social psychology?
Solomon Asch and he designed experiments to observe conformity within groups. This shows the idea of “mob mentality”.
Who investigated social psychology in the field of prejudice and what did he figure out?
Gordon Allport and he found the idea of out-group homogeneity bias where anyone out of an individual’s group is stereotyped.
Who studied social psychology involving monetary reward to motivate individuals?
Glucksberg in 1960.
What did Glucksberg realize about monetary motivation?
It motivates people in physical tasks while when it comes to any cognitive action they perform substantially worse.
What sub-field of psychology involves how different societies have different thought patterns and what two thoughts have been made about this sub-field?
Cultural Psychology and Absolutism where they believe culture makes little different and Relativism where it’s believe it greatly differs psychology.
What are some examples of cross cultural mental health disorders?
Windigo psychosis, Koro, Amok, Anorexia and Bulimia.
