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Psychology 111 > Use the other one. > Flashcards

Use the other one. Flashcards

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0
Q

What did the Judeo-Christian Dead Sea Scrolls note?

A

The division of human nature into two temperaments.

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1
Q

In the 6th century AD, what did Lin Xie test?

A

He tested people’s vulnerability to distraction by asking them to draw a circle and square simultaneously.

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2
Q

Describe Plato and Aristotles arguement of human nature.

A

The nature nurture debate, Plato favoured nativism or nature while Aristotle favoured empiricism or nurture.

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3
Q

What is Tabula Rasa?

A

Blank Slate

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4
Q

What did Rene Descartes conclude about the workings of the brain and mind?

A

That they are fundamentally different and communicate through the Pineal Gland.

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5
Q

Describe Thomas Hobbes thoughts on the brain and mind.

A

He believe that the mind is what the brain does.

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6
Q

What did Franz Joseph Gall believe brains and minds were linked by?

A

He believe they were linked by size, and there was a correlation between size and intelligence.

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7
Q

Who discovered the correlation between bumps on ones head and the brain regions underneath called Phrenology?

A

Franz Joseph Gall

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8
Q

What were Galls five main principles of Phrenology as stated in Outlines of Phrenology?

A
  • Brain is an organ of the mind
  • It consists of 36 intellectual or emotional facilities
  • Each facility has a specific location
  • Different people have different sizes facilities.
  • The size difference is related to the strength of that facility.
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9
Q

What did Pierre Flourens find a relation between?

A

Between removing parts of the brain and the effects of that on the actions of that animal.

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10
Q

What did Paul Broca realize about the left half of the brain?

A

Once it was damaged like in one specific patient he has they could not produce language anymore.

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11
Q

What is the legitimate connection Physiology and Psychology?

A

Since the mind and body are obviously linked, nerve endings were immediately found as the connection between the two.

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12
Q

What did Hermann von Helmholz research?

A

He researched participants responses to stimulus in relation to nerve impulses and responses to test speed in relation to distance physically.

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13
Q

What theory did Darwin propose that relates to functionalism?

A

Natural Selection or Survival of the Fittest.

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14
Q

Who developed psychoanalytic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud.

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15
Q

What does psychoanalytical mean?

A

It is the uncovering of unconscious, repressed or early experiences in order to show their anxieties, conflicts and desires.

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16
Q

What two psychologists uncovered the new movement dubbed humanistic psychology?

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

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17
Q

What is humanistic psychology?

A

It’s an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.

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18
Q

What three schools of psychology were developed by the early 20th century?

A

Structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis.

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19
Q

Who was named the father of experimental psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt.

20
Q

What did Wilhelm Wundt focus on studying?

A

Structuralism which studies the conscious brain.

21
Q

Who brought structuralism to the United States?

A

Edward Titchener.

22
Q

Who created the idea of Functionalism and poked holes in the rational of Structuralism?

A

William James.

23
Q

What is psychoanalytic theory and the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

The 5 stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. He saw that if someone had a traumatizing experience during one of these stages, they may develop anxiety in that field.

24
Q

What was the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A 
1- Physiological
2- Safety
3- Belonging/Love
4- Self-Esteem
5- Self-Actualization
25
Q

Who developed behaviourism and believed that psychologists should restrict themselves to observable behaviour?

A

John B Watson.

26
Q

What did Gestalt propose that contradicted what was said by John Watson?

A

He believed the brain worked as one, not a collaboration of multiple parts.

27
Q

What movement deposed behaviourism?

A

Cognitive Psychology.

28
Q

What is cognitive psychology and when was the period named the “cognitive revolution”?

A

It’s a sub-discipline of psychology that explored internal mental processes and this period was from 1950-1970.

29
Q

In what two ways does cognitive psychology differ from all pervious psychological methods?

A

It legitimately uses the scientific method which is experimentation, not just introspection.
It also explicitly acknowledged internal mental states.

30
Q

What psychologist who was involved with cognitive psychology tested the limits of human multitasking?

A

Donald Broadbent.

31
Q

What did Broadbent do with his studies on multitasking?

A

Realized there is a certain human capacity for multitasking so he made sure cockpits for pilots were made correctly as not to overwhelm the pilots.

32
Q

Who studies the capacity of memory and the amount of digits the average person can memorize?

A

George Miller and 7.

33
Q

What is behavioural neuroscience and who was a main investigator of this concept?

A

It is where the mind meets the brain, Karl Lashley trained rats to run, and then removed parts of their brains to see how this would effect their actions.

34
Q

What was the previous term for behavioural neuroscience links the body and mind together through electric-chemical brain responses?

A

Physiological Psychology.

35
Q

What are three tests within cognitive neuroscience?

A

EEG, fMRI and PET.

36
Q

What is an “EEG”?

A

Electroencephalography. It is a recording of electrical activity along the scalp.

37
Q

What is a “fMRI”?

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging. This measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow.

38
Q

What is a “PET”?

A

Positron emission tomography. This is a nuclear imaging technique that creates a 3D imagine of functional processes in the brain using gamma rays.

39
Q

What is evolutionary psychology and who influenced it?

A

It is a psychological approach that explains behaviour in contrast with the problems our ancestors faced involving natural selection. It was influenced by Darwin and James.

40
Q

How does evolutionary psychology relate to casual sex?

A

Women are selective in their mating due to having to give birth while men are just looking to push forward their genetic heritage.

41
Q

What is the main difference between social psychology and other types?

A

Social psychology involves interpersonal behaviour due to how humans are social beings.

42
Q

Who developed experiments to reveal demonstrate factors of social psychology?

A

Solomon Asch and he designed experiments to observe conformity within groups. This shows the idea of “mob mentality”.

43
Q

Who investigated social psychology in the field of prejudice and what did he figure out?

A

Gordon Allport and he found the idea of out-group homogeneity bias where anyone out of an individual’s group is stereotyped.

44
Q

Who studied social psychology involving monetary reward to motivate individuals?

A

Glucksberg in 1960.

45
Q

What did Glucksberg realize about monetary motivation?

A

It motivates people in physical tasks while when it comes to any cognitive action they perform substantially worse.

46
Q

What sub-field of psychology involves how different societies have different thought patterns and what two thoughts have been made about this sub-field?

A

Cultural Psychology and Absolutism where they believe culture makes little different and Relativism where it’s believe it greatly differs psychology.

47
Q

What are some examples of cross cultural mental health disorders?

A

Windigo psychosis, Koro, Amok, Anorexia and Bulimia.

Psychology 111 (7 decks)

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