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PY352 > Use of Hormones for Fertility Control > Flashcards

Use of Hormones for Fertility Control Flashcards

1
Q

What causes LH and FSH secretion?

A

Pulsatile GnRH stimulates gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

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2
Q

What do FSH and LH do?

A

They stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce testosterone and oestrogen, which inhibit further release of FSH and LH

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3
Q

What do ovaries and testes release in order to inhibit FSH secretion?

A

inhibin

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4
Q

Why do ovaries and testes release activin?

A

To selectively promote FSH secretion.

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5
Q

What other structure releases activin to stimulate FSH in a paracrine fashion?

A

Pituitary gland.

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6
Q

Testosterone secretion is stimulated by?

A

LH

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7
Q

Sperm production is stimulated by?

A

Testosterone and FSH

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8
Q

In males, the LH receptor is on the ______ cell, where ______ is synthesised.

A

leydig

testosterone

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9
Q

In females, the LH receptor is on the ______ cell, where ______ is synthesised and so is ______

A

thecal
androgen
progesterone

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10
Q

In males, the FSH receptor is on the ______ cell, where _______ is produced

A

sertoli

sperm

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11
Q

In females, the FSH receptor is on the ______ cell, where _______ is produced by using _______ to convert _______ to estrogen

A

granulosa
oestrogen
aromatase
androgen

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12
Q

What enzyme converts Androgen to Estrogen?

A

Aromatase

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13
Q

What are some effects of androgenic hormones in males

A
  • aggressiveness and libido
  • enlargement of larynx
  • maturation of male genitalia
  • muscle development
  • male pubic hair
  • bone growth
  • sperm production
  • acne
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14
Q

What are some effects of female sex hormones on females?

A
  • Ovulation and menstruation
  • Subcutaneous fat deposition
  • Female patter pubic hair
  • Breast growth
  • Maturation of female genitalia
  • Widening of pelvis
  • Fair complex
  • Bone growth
  • Female psyche
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15
Q

What is true precocious puberty in males caused by?

A

Testicular stimulation by gonadotrophins as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary tumour –> leading to excessive secretion of androgens

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16
Q

What is psuedoprecocious in males puberty caused by?

A

Ingestion of exogenous androgens, adrenal cortex disorders or an androgen secreting tumour.

17
Q

What is the difference between true precocious and psuedoprecocious puberty in males?

A

preco leads to development of secondary sexual characteristic WITH enlargement of the testes and sperm production; pseudo is WITHOUT testicular development or sperm production

18
Q

How is male precocious puberty (<9 years) treated?

A

androgen receptor antagonist (e.g. cyproterone acetate) and by removal of the source of hormone secretion

19
Q

What is true precocious puberty in females caused by?

A

pulsatile secretion of GnRH from a tumour, resulting in secretion of LH and FSH –> thus oestrogens and progesterone

20
Q

What is psuedoprecocious in males puberty caused by?

A

tumour or ingestion of exogenous oestrogens

21
Q

What is the difference between true precocious and psuedoprecocious puberty in females?

A

Prec is development of secondary sexual characteristic with menstruation; psuedo is WITHOUT initiation of menstrual cycle.

22
Q

How is female precocious puberty treated?

A

Treatment is by removal of the source of the oestrogens.

23
Q

Name 2 oral female contraceptives

A

Emergency contraception

Induced abortion

24
Q

Name 3 non oral female contraceptives

A

IUD
Vaginal
Implants

25
Q

what are 3 things you can do to improve fertility

A
  • induce ovulation
  • thin the cervical mucus
  • support implantation
26
Q

Menstrual phase in ovarian cycle?

Menstrual phase in endometrial cycle?

A

0-4

1-5

27
Q

Profilerative phase in ovarian cycle?

Profilerative phase in endometrial cycle?

A

4-14

5-15

28
Q

Secretory phase in ovarian cycle?

Secretory phase in endometrial cycle?

A

14-28

15-28

29
Q

Oestradiol levels are high during days

A

0 - 14 (7 is peak)

30
Q

Progesterone levels are high during days

A

14-28 (21 is peak)

31
Q

LH hormone is highest at day

A

14

PY352 (25 decks)

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