Use Of Force

Question 1

What is a reasonable person?

Answer 1

A reasonable person would be an individual who can RELATE to the officer and make an informed judgment after listening to the articulation of the incident. Similar training or background.

Question 2

What are the use of force principles?
(Verbatim)

Answer 2

1) Public Safety
2) Officer Safety
3) Continuous Risk Assessment
4) Best Strategy steps to decrease the death/ injuries and property damage.

Question 3

Use of Force sections CCC of Legal Authority?

Answer 3

1) Section 25 1(b). Authorizes a peace officer to use as much force as is reasonably necessary.

2) Section 26. holds ppl accountable for using excessive force.

3) Section 27. authorizes anyone to use as much force as is reasonable necessary to stop the commission of an offence.

Where our powers come from.

4) Section 34. authorizes use of force to protect a person.

5) Section 35. authorizes use of force to protect property.

Question 4

What are the five different subject behaviours?

Answer 4

• Cooperative
• Passive resistor
• Active resistor
• Assaultive
• Grievous bodily harm (GBH) or Death

Question 5

What are the impact factors that help determine an officer’s response options?

Answer 5

1) Subject factors.
2) Environmental factors.
3) Officer Factors.
- (Subject factors: Age, size, gender, mental state).
- (Environmental factors: time of day, weather, footing, cover, concealment, lighting).
- (Officer factors: back up, gender, Size, exhaustion injurtes, equipment).

Question 6

What does AIM stand for?

Answer 6

• Ability: Does the subject have or appear to have the ability to cause injury or death?
• Intent: Do the subject’s words/actions lead you to believe they had the intent to cause injury or death?
• Means (Verbal - Physical) Threats, or physical actions the present intent to harm.

Question 7

What is the reactionary gap?

Answer 7

The reactionary gap is an officers “safety zone” . The average distance is approximately 6 feet.

your reaction time within the reactionary gap under non-stressful situation is between 0.5 and 2 seconds

Question 8

What are the common types of resistance?

Answer 8

1) Resistance during handcuffing.
2) Resistance during escort.
3) Passive actions.
4) Assaultive actions.

Question 9

What are the 5 areas of risk for an officer to consider?

Answer 9

1) Hands.
2) Weapons,
3) Friend and associates,
4) Escape routes.
5) Environment.

Question 10

What are the 7 tactical principles?

Answer 10

1) Winning mentality.
2) Cover and concealment.
3) Time:/distance ratio.
4) One plus one rule.
5) Threat cues.
6) De-escalation.
7) Verbal commands.

Question 11

What is PTSD and what are the symptoms?

Answer 11

Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder

Symptoms:
-Recurrent and intrusive memories
-Reliving the event
-Intense psychological distress when exposed to trigger cues
-Psychological reaction to cues resembling the traumatic event

Question 12

SNS burnout

Answer 12

The average officer will have between 0-15 seconds of peak performance to control a threat. Once this burn time has elapsed, the officer will experience a dramatic decrease in strength and energy.

Question 13

What are the PNS backlash symptoms?

Answer 13

PNS backlash symptoms can be very overwhelming and can happen quickly after the perception of threat has been minimized.

-Dizziness
-Excessive bleeding
-Shock (pale, nauseous, excessive sweating)
-Exhaustion
-Muscle tremors

Question 14

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

• Sympathetic Nervous system ( SNS)
  -Parasympathetic Nervous system (PNS)

Question 15

What are the ANS or Autonomic Nervous Systems responsible for?
(Automatic body functions, that happen without thinking about it)

Answer 15

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the regulation of our organs. It also regulated certain bodily processes such as:

-Blood pressure
-Digestion
-Saliva, sweat, tears
-Urination and Defecation
-Temperature

Question 16

What are the symptoms of SNS activation?

Answer 16

-Rapid breathing
-cotton mouth
-sweaty palms
-Visual difficulty
-muscular tremors
-loss of concentration
-increased heart rate
- loss of bowel control

Question 17

What physiological changes can you expect from SNS activation?

Answer 17

-Adrenal Activity
-Vascular Activity
-Perceptual Narrowing (tunnel vision)
-Auditory Exclusion
-Cognitive Processing
-Hypervigilance (freezing, fixating, submissive behaviour)

Question 18

What are the 4 situations that are known to activate the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

1) objective threat perception
2) objective fear perception
3) physical exhaustion (cotton mouth, muscular tremors)
4) startle response (shock)

Question 19

What are the 5 subjects behaviours?

Answer 19

1) cooperative -responds appropriately w/ commands
2) passive resister ( no muscle resistance)
3) active resister ( resisting efforts of physical control
4) assaultive- being physical with the officer
5) grievous bodily harm or death

Question 20

PNS BACKLASH SYMPTOMS

Answer 20

1. Dizziness
2. Excessive bleeding
3. Shock (pale, nauseous, excessive sweating
4. Exhaustion
5. Muscle tremors

Question 21

What is the definition of prisoner escort?

Answer 21

The movement of an inmate by any means, including by foot, motor vehicle, or aircraft.

Question 22

What are the 5 P’s of a successful escort?

Answer 22

• prisoner
•paperwork
•property
•pistol
•partner

Question 23

What are some exceptions to being restrained?

Answer 23

• Pregnant —> still get handcuffed
•Amputee
•Casts
•PCHAD’s (Protection of Children Abusing Drugs/Alcohol)..

Question 24

What are the 3 C’s of escort theory?

Answer 24

1) Care for prisoners
2) Custody for prisoners
3) control for prisoners

Question 25

What are some reasons to terminate an escort?

Answer 25

•Security breach
•Safety concern
•Inclement weather

If any of these occur. The escort may be terminated.

Question 26

What 3 documents/forms are required when escorting a prisoner?

Answer 26

•Form 8 - Warrant for Committal.

•Form 19 - Warranting Remanding a prisoner.

•Form 21 - Warrant of Committal on Conviction (pay or stay).

• You always need a valid holding document to transport a prisoner

Question 27

What are the escorting procedures?

Answer 27

1) Preparation.
2) Searching.
3) Loading/ Unloading inmates.
4) Escorting officer duties.

Question 28

If an inmate is successful in an escape attempt, the officer should:

Answer 28

• Immediately report the incident via radio to the other sheriff, the supervisor, and SOCC

• Contact the police of jurisdiction

• Provide all identifying information related to the inmate and last known direction of travel to the police and other sheriff

Question 29

Tactical consideration for handcuffing:

Answer 29

1. Approach to contact.
2. Control on first touch.
3. Speed of application.

Question 30

What are the 4 Use of Force Principles?

Answer 30

1. Officer’s safety.
2. Public safety.
3. Continuos risk assessment.
4. Best strategy: stop the undesirable behaviour with the least likelihood of dead, injuries and property damage.

Question 31

What are the RICE factors?

Answer 31

R- Repeat of the offence is probable
I- Identity, the person does not have proof of theirs
C- Court, the person is unlikely to attend
E, Evidence, you need to preserve it

Question 32

Edged Weapon attacks five common characteristics:

Answer 32

• Typically begin at close range
• Weapon is not shown prior to attack.
• Majority of people are right handed.
• Off-hand used to grab and gauge distance.
• Repetitive motions, not a single thrust.

Question 33

Knife-stopping power. Knives have stopping power through:

Answer 33

• Psychological effect.
• Pain.
• Damage to major organs.
• Blood loss.
• Damage to the nervous system.
• Structural damage.