Use of biological resources

Question 1

What is selective breeding

Answer 1

Mating the best organisms to get good offspring

Question 2

What features are animals normally bred for

Answer 2

Maximum yield
Good Health
Temperament
Speed, fertility
Attractive flowers

Question 3

Basic process of Selective breeding

Answer 3

Select the ones from the existing stock and breed them
Then select the best of the offspring and breed them
As this process continues the trait will become stronger

Question 4

Why is selective breeding useful

Answer 4

Can increase productivity of cows
Can increase number of offspring in sheep
Can increase crop yield

Question 5

Genetic Engineering using enzymes

Answer 5

They are used to cut up or join pieces of DNA

Question 6

Process of genetic engineering using enzymes

Answer 6

Restriction enzymes recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut at these points. Ligase enzymes are used to join.

Question 7

Recombinant DNA

Answer 7

When two different pieces of DNA are stuck together

Question 8

Genetic engineering using vectors

Answer 8

Used to insert DNA into other organisms

Transfers DNA into a cell

Question 9

Two types of vectors

Answer 9

Plasmids and viruses

Question 10

How does Genetic engineering work

Answer 10

Use the restriction enzyme to cut out the DNA you want
The vector DNA and selected DNA are mixed using ligase - producing recombinant DNA
This is then inserted into another cell
Cells then use the gene you inserted to make protein

Question 11

Transgenic

Answer 11

Bacteria containing genes transferred from another species

Question 12

How can GM plants improve food production

Answer 12

Make resistant to insects so they won’t be damaged by insect repellant
Herbicide resistant so farmers can spray the weeds without affecting the plant

Question 13

What is used to clone plants

Answer 13

Micropropagation

Planta can be cloned from existing plants

Question 14

How does micropropagation take place

Answer 14

Small pieces are taken from the chosen plant (explants) then they are sterilised to kill any microorganisms
The explants are then grown in vitro using nutrient medium
Cells int the explants grow into a small plant that is then planted in the soil

Question 15

First mammal to be successfully cloned

Answer 15

Dolly the sheep in 1996

Question 16

Process used to clone a sheep

Answer 16

Nucleus of the sheep’s egg is removed creating an enucleated egg
A diploid nucleus from another cell was inserted in its place
The cell was stimulated to begin mitosis
The dividing cell is then implanted into the uterus of another sheep

Question 17

Advantages and disadvantages of cloning

Answer 17

Produces medicine and can be used for transplanting organs
Infertile animals can be cloned
However cloned animals may not be healthy
It is a difficult and time consuming method