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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What names are given to organ that secrete hormones?

A

Glands

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1
Q

How do hormones travel around the body?

A

Blood stream

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2
Q

How is diabetes caused?

A

Not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas

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3
Q

Why is more sweat produced when it is hot?

A

To cool you down

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4
Q

What happens in cold climates to blood flow in extremeties?

A
  • blood is restricted by the vessel supplying capillaries
  • less heat is lost
  • less blood to the surface capillaries
  • stops blood from cooling
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5
Q

What happens in warm conditions to animals

A
  • The vessels to the capillaries expand

- the capillaries become narrower so the blood does not bypass the foot

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6
Q

Widening of blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

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7
Q

Abnormally low blood sugar

A

Hypoglycemia

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8
Q

Narrowing of blood vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

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9
Q

Process of liquid becoming gas

A

Evaporation

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10
Q

Part of the brain which controls the core body temperature

A

Thermoregulatory centre

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11
Q

Disease characterised by abnormally high blood sugar

A

Diabetes

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12
Q

Movement of muscles to release energy and raise the body temp

A

Shivering

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13
Q

Storage carbohydrate in animals

A

Glycogen

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14
Q

Simple sugar main substrate for respiration

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Normal value of a variable

A

Set point

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16
Q

Corrective change that brings the variable back to normal

A

Response

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17
Q

A change in the variable

A

Stimulus

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18
Q

Scientists that isolated insulin

A

Banting and best

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19
Q

Abnormally high body temperature

A

Hyperthermia

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20
Q

Organ which senses the body surfaces temperature

A

Skin

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21
Q

Mechanism which counteracts a process

A

Negative feedback

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22
Q

Part of the brain where the thermoregulatory centre is found

A

Hypothalamus

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23
Q

Organ in the skin that secretes sweat

A

Sweat glands

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24
Q

Abnormally low body temperature

A

Hypothermia

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25
Q

Brings about the response

A

Effector

26
Q

Control centre of homeostatic mechanism

A

Integrator

27
Q

Chemical messenger that travels in the bloodstream

A

Hormone

28
Q

Hormones which acts to increase blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

29
Q

Hormone which acts to lower blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

30
Q

Organ which stores glucose as glycogen

A

Liver

31
Q

Organ which produces insulin and glucagon

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Symptoms of diabetes

A 
Loss of weight 
Intense thirst
Large urine output 
Hunger
Extreme tiredness
33
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

Develops when the pancreatic beta cells have been destroyed
Due to an autoimmune disorder
Hereditary

34
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A

When too little insulin is produces due to the malfunction if the beta cells

35
Q

How can type 1 diabetes treated

A

Diet plan
Exercise
Glucose monitoring
Insulin injection

36
Q

How is type 2 diabetes treated

A

Diet alone

Occasionally tablets that improve insulin production

37
Q

What does insulin do in the body

A

Regulates sugar
Reduces glucose
Converts to glycogen
In liver

38
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

The ability of the body to keep its temperature close to 37c

39
Q

What happens to hair when it hot

A

Hairs lie flat so more heat is lost by radiation

40
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of waste material that has not been inside cells

Fibre, feces

41
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of aware products of cell reactions from the body

Water, minerals, urea

42
Q

Where does carbon dioxide come from

A

Respiration products

43
Q

Where does urea come from

A

Made during the breakdown of protein and amino acids in the liver

44
Q

Where does salt come from

A

Food + drink all metabolism

45
Q

Where does water come from

A

Food + drink cell metabolism

46
Q

What happens to sweat glands in heat

A

Sweat glands open

The sweat evaporates as a cooling mechanism

47
Q

What behavioural changes occur when it’s hot

A

Removing clothing

Move to shade

48
Q

What happens to hair when it is cold

A

Hair erector muscles contract

Thus traps the air which is a good insulator so less heat is lost

49
Q

What happens to the arterioles when it is cold

A

Arterioles in the surface vasoconstrict
Less blood flows into the capillaries on the skin surface
Heat is lost by radiation

50
Q

What happens to sweat gland when it is cold

A

Sweat glands close

Less sweat is produced

51
Q

What fe the behavioural changes when it is cold

A

Put in more layers
Move into sun
Increase level of activity

52
Q

What is the dermis

A

Contains all nerves, blood vessels, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair roots

53
Q

What is the epidermis

A

The outside layer of skin and provides protection from dirt, germs and strong sunlight

54
Q

What is hair made from

A

Keratin

55
Q

What is a hair erector muscle

A

Pulls hair upright when muscle contracts

56
Q

What is the sebaceous layer

A

Produces oily substance called sebum which makes skin waterproof

57
Q

What is the sensory nerve

A

Helps you feel pain pressure or temperature

58
Q

What is the skin arterioles

A

Supply skin capillaries with oxygenated blood

59
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer

A

Fatty tissue

Helps keep you warm and protects your organ and bones from injury

60
Q

What is a sweat gland

A

Produces sweat that contains 99.5% water

  1. 25% urea
  2. 25% sodium chloride
61
Q

What is a sweat duct

A

Transports sweat from sweat gland to the sweat pore

62
Q

What is a sweat pore

A

Fore sweat to come out

These cover nearly all of the skin

Biology (10 decks)

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