Genetics Flashcards
DNA
The chemical present at the centre of living cells that controls structure and purpose
Chromosome
Any of the rod like structure found in all living cells that control what an animal it plant is like
Gene
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA
Protein
A group of amino acids strung together
Genetic code
A sequence if nucleotides in DNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence
Somatic chromosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Sex chromosome
Either a pair if chromosomes, usually designated X or Y
Mitosis
The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides
Clone
A form of genetic engineering that’s produced as a duplicate of the parent
Zygote
The cell formed by the union of two gametes
Meiosis
The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells
Diploid
Double or twofold of haploid cells
Haploid
Having the same number of sets of chromosomes as a germ cells half as many as a somatic cell
Variation
A difference or deviation
eg. In structure, form, function
Allele
One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position
Dominant allele
It’s always shows even if you only have one copy if the allele
Recessive allele
It only shows if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele
Genotype
The genetic make up as distinguished from the physical appearance
Phenotype
The observable or biochemical characteristics of an organism as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences
Homozygous
Having the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes,
Two chromosomes one of paternal origin and the other of maternal origin
Heterozygous
Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomes
Co dominance
A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed
Punnett square
A diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross
Genetic disease
An illness causes by one or more abnormalities in the genome
Mutation
A change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism
Mutagen
A physical agent that changes the genetic material usually DNA I an organism
Gamete
A reproductive cell having a haploid number of chromosomes
