USA 1954-75

Question 1

Why was the Montgomery boycott a thing?.

Answer 1

1st December 1955 Rosa park broke segregation rules in Montgomery by refusing to give her seat for a white person. She was arresten and fined and people boycotted the buses

Question 2

Long term causes of Montgomery boycott?

Answer 2

• The WPC had focused on bus dicrimination since 1950
• The bus compamy forced black people to sit at the back of the bus and not give up seat
• Requests were made to change the rules of the bus but they were not listened to

Question 3

Short term causes of Montgomery boycott?

Answer 3

Police arrested and charged Rosa Parks

Question 4

Events of montgomery boycott?

Answer 4

5 december 1955 -Civil rights activist met to boycott city buses. Formed MIA and Martin luther was chairman
8 December - MIA met bus company. They refused to change so all black people boycotted until change
12 December - Over 300 carpools were done
MIA also negotiated reduced bus fares
30 December 1956 - Kings home was bombed. He responded by peaceful protests

Question 5

What was the significance of rosa parks?

Answer 5

• Parks was married middle ages woman hard to criticise her
• She understood the principles of non violent action
• She had already been in campaigns
• She was secretary of NAACP

Question 6

When was the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 6

1954

Question 7

Key features of Brown vs Topeka?

Answer 7

• Linda Brown who was a black american became famous after her experiences of segregated school education.
• Made her feel seperate to white kids

Question 8

What was the case in Brown vs Topeka?

Answer 8

• It argued that that schools were seperate but equal. This cass damaged black people

Question 9

What did the supreme court say about segregation?

Answer 9

• Racial segregation was fair as long as they were seperate but equal
  Black schools were more underfunded than white schools

Question 10

Short term significance of Brown vs Topeka?

Answer 10

• Brown rullings overturned Plessy v Ferguson decision which allowed public faccilities and schools to be desegregated
• Members of KKK increased
• Black students and teachers received threats
• Some good schools were shut down for black americans
• South states avoided following the rules

Question 11

Long term significance of Brown Vs Topeka?

Answer 11

• Awareness of civil rights issues in southern states increased
• white americans moved out of areas where black people stayed

Question 12

Brown vs Topeka timeline?

Answer 12

1952 - NAACP took school segregation to court as they brok 14th ammendment
Dec 1952 - Judges asked for more legal advice
May 1954 - Supreme court ruled that segregated education was good but no time limit on how long it would take
July 1954 - white citizens were prepared to use violence to stop desegregation
1955 - Desegregation should happen immediately
1957n- 723 school districts desegregated

Question 13

How were black people treated in 1950’s?

Answer 13

• Second class citizens and prevented from voting

Question 14

How was life like for black people in early 1950’s?

Answer 14

• Wern’t allowed to mix in schools,public transport or resteraunts

Question 15

What laws were used to seperate black and white people?

Answer 15

Jim crow laws

Question 16

What was the Jim crow law?

Answer 16

It was legal to segregate as long as services were seperate but equal

Question 17

How was discrimination like in the southern states?

Answer 17

• White people viewed black people as racially inferior
• police and white officials were apart of KKK
• Assults and murders of black people were not investigated or prosecuted
• Black people were not allowed to sit on juries

Question 18

Voting rights for black people in 1950’s?

Answer 18

• White gangs stopped black people voting
• Some states made it harder for black people to vote by making unfair literacy tests
• Grandfather law was brang in which meant people forefathers had to have voted
• Employers sacked workers if they registered to vote

Question 19

Some civil rights orginisations in 1950’s?

Answer 19

NAACP
- 1909
- Defended black people who were unfairly convicted
- Fought in court

CORE
- 1942
- Used non violent techniques
- Operated in northern states

Question 20

When was little rock?

Answer 20

1957

Question 21

What happened in little rock?

Answer 21

9 black students entered a new desegregated high school and were very badly treated by white americans

Question 22

What was the little rock 9?

Answer 22

75 black students applied to join little rock but only 25 were accepted. However famalies got threats so some backed out and 9 still registered (little rock 9)

Question 23

Who was govener orval faubus?

Answer 23

• He was against integration and Faubus closed every school in little rock in attempt to stop interegation taking place. Lasted a year but reopened due to parents complaining

Question 24

What were the events at little rock?

Answer 24

NAACP aranged so black people could arrive together at school 4th September. Faubus sent 250 troops to surround the school to “keep peace” but this blocked black students entering the school. Elizabeth did not get the message and was targeted and racially abused. 24th september eisenhower sent federal troops to allow black people to enter school

Question 25

What did the president do in little rock?

Answer 25

• USA’S image was getting destroyed abroad so Eisenhower sent 1000 troops to little rock. Eisenhower wanted to improve civil rights but keep the violent under rest