cold war Flashcards by Perujan Paraneetharan

when was the Yalta conference and what was agreed?

February 1945
-Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4u zones, -Germany to pay 20 million reperations (and 1/2 will go to the Soviets)

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what were the consequences of the yalta conference?

-Showed lack of agreement eg over reparation process
-showed stalin wanted lots of land

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when was the Tehran Conference and what was agreed?

-1943
-USSR could keep land in Eastern Europe if they won the war ( to make Germany weaker)
-An international organisation would be created
-USA and Britain launch another attack on Germany so German army would reduce troops in the East

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what were the consequences of the Tehran Conference?

-very good and beneficial for the USSR
-gain lots of land

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When as the Potsdam conference and what was agreed?

July 1945
-Germany would be demilitarised,
-there would be democracy,
-Soviets would gain 1/4 of goods made in Western Europe in return for supplying food and coal

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what were the consequences of the Potsdam conference?

-lots of disagreements, it highlighted the differences between capitalism and communism

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when was the atomic bomb dropped, where and how many people died?

-6th August 1945
-Truman dropped it over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-over 120,000

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what were the consequences of the atomic bomb dropping?

USSR saw the USA as a great danger to the world
-Stalin took control of more land between USSR and Germany as a ‘buffer zone’

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describe the first telegram sent out and when?

-1946
-Long telegram- Kennan sent a detailed telegram about the USSR’s attitude towards the USA (that Stalin wanted disruption of (capitalism

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what were the consequences of the Long telegram?

USA started ‘containment’
-which meant keeping communism in the USSR only

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describe the second telegram and when was it?

-1946
-Novikov telegram
-sent by soviet diplomat, shows USA didn’t trust USSR
-showed that America not afraid of war

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what were the consequences of the Novikov Telegram

-USSR felt the need to occupy more land for safety

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What was the iron curtain speech?

Winston Churchill’s speech when he said that Europe is divided by “an iron curtain” in 1946 , behind it was USSR controlled countries

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what were the consequences of the iron curtain speech

-increased tension
-both sides strengthened their forces

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why were satellite states made?

-barrier between Germany and USSR
-showed power and strength
-increase of communist influence

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name 5 satellite states and how/when

-East Germany
-Poland- 1947 as a communist government
-Czechoslovakia- 1948 a communist government
-Hungary - 1949
-Romania- voted communist after intimidation

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What was the Truman Doctrine?

12th March 1947
-Truman announced he would provide economic help to countries being threatened by communism
-promised 400 million dollars, sent US soldiers to Greece and Turkey

what followed the Truman Doctrine? describe it

-Marshall plan- gave 12.7 billion dollars between 1948-52
-economic aid to countries hit by war
-offered money to satellite states, stalin refused

What did Stalin call the Marshall Plan?

-Dollar imperialism
-he thought it was the USA trying to be more powerful and create American Empire in Europe

what were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

-friendly Grand Alliance now gone
-USA in direct opposition to USSR
-Europe divided into Western and East

What was Cominform? When?

1947- every Eastern Europe country was to follow Stalin’s ordered, every country would have a cominform office

what was Comecon? When?

1949
-no Eastern Europe country could take money from the USA
-there would be trade only between communist countries, communist party took over all industries

what were the consequences of comecon and cominform?

-increased tensions
-made divide greater

what was the Berlin Crisis and when?

-March 1948
-USA , Britain and France united their zones in Trizonia
-they created.a currency called Deutshmark

what was the Berlin Blockade?

-USSR blocked off any land route in and out of Berlin -this stopped food and essentials reaching Trizonia

when and what was the Berlin Airlift?

-June 1948 to May 1949 -America flew in food and resources instead -there was a risk the planes might have been shot but it didnt happen -over 1000 tonnes of food flown in -After a year, Stalin removed the blockade

what were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?

-made Stalin look weak -West proved they could success peacefully -3 days after, USA, Britain and France officially united

When and what was NATO?

-1949 -Western powers eg USA Britain France and 9 others united -from 1949 American troops stationed in Europe

When and what was the Warsaw Pact?

-1955 -all of Satellite States, lead by the Soviet Union -promised supoort

Describe the 6 stages of the arms race

-atomic bomb 1945 -1949 soviets made their own -1950 American Hydrogen Bomb -1957 Soviet Hydrogen Bomb -USA ballistic missiles -2 months later, Soviets also had ballistic missiles

what occurred under Khrushchev's leadership?

-he openly criticises Stalin, he suggests peace -the reasons as to why people had hope for peace: -war in Korea ended -both countries broke from arms race -Austria 1955 meeting had calmed tensions

How did the Hungarian Uprising start?

-Hungary didnt like Soviet control -they couldn't vote, food shortages, their leader was bruta;

what were the consequences of these attitudes in Hungarian Uprising?

-protested in Budapest -tore down statue of Stalin -Scoviets had lack of control

What were the long term consequences of Hungary?

- Khruschev seemed more powerful - new leader in hungary - Showed eastern Europe that America wont help them, made Usa look weak

how did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?

-sent the red army to stop the riots -tried to please them with a new leader Imre Nagy

what did Imre Nagy follow?

-wanted voting and dictatorship -asked for political prisoners to be freed -asked Khrushchev to remove politocal troops

what happened in November 1956 and the consequences?

-Nagy said that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact -Khrushchev felt that other countries might follow and copy

when and what was the soviet union invasion of Hungary?

-4th November 1956 -Khrushchev sent in the red army, Hungarians fought back and America didnt help Hungary because of their containment policy and the risk

what were the short term consequences of invasion of Hungary?

-uprising failed -20,000 Soviet troops in Hungary -20.000 Hungarians killed -Nagy and his supporters executed