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History > Cold War Crises > Flashcards

Cold War Crises Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the US refuse to recognise Castro’s government?

A
  • Didn’t want a socialist country in their sphere of influence and it had links to soviet union
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2
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs?

A

17th April 1961

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3
Q

What did the CIA tell Kennedy what was going to happen in the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • Disguised Old US planea like cuban ones and invasion will look like a cuban revolt
  • Castro’s control of Cuba is weak
  • Most Cuban’s hate Castro
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4
Q

What actually happened in the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • The planes were recognised as US planes and the information was published and the world knew it was USA that backed the invasioj
  • Castro knew the invasion in advance and 20,000 Cuban troops were met by 1,400 US troops
  • Most Cubans did not want their old leader as he was corrupt
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5
Q

What were the consquences of the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • Castro announced he was a communist
  • Ended all chances with a US and Cuban relationship
  • Millitary defence for Cuba with the help of Soviet Union
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6
Q

How did the Soviet Union see the Cuban missile crisis result as?

A
  • To place missiles in Cuba as Cuba saw this a way to prevent USA invading them again
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7
Q

What happened in September 1962?

A
  • Soviet ships carried nuclear warheads and missiles to Cuba
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8
Q

What happened in October 1962?

A

US spy planes spotted the Cuban Missile sites and the secret was out. US public was in pannic

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9
Q

What was detente?

A

The cooling period of tensions between soviet union amd USA

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10
Q

What were the short term consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis?

A
  • Kennedy assured USA would not invade Cuba again
  • The soviet union looked weak as the world did not know USA had removed missiles from Turkey. Brezhnev then replaces Khrusvhev in 1964
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11
Q

What were the long term consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis?

A
  • Hotline agreement created a direct link between Washington and Moscow
  • August 1963 both sides agreed to ban nuclear weapon testing except underground testing
  • 1963 Kennedy gave a speech on how he was working with SU to focus on common intersts
  • Soviet union catched up with USA in Arms race. MAD should be avoided at all costs
  • Signed Outer space treaty in 1967 which banned nuclear weapons in space and not share nuclear technology with other countries
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12
Q

Why sis Kennedy start to prepare for the nuclear war?

A

The four summit meetings USA and SU failed to resolve the problem in Germany

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13
Q

Why was the Berlin wall built?

A

To prevent East Burliners travel to West Berlin and if they did try they would be shot

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14
Q

When was the Berlin wall built?

A

August 12th 1961

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15
Q

What Happened on August 12 1961?

A

East German troops put barbed wire arround West Berlin wall. The fence was heavily guarded
And Soviet tanks were deployed to stop western access to the east

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16
Q

When was west Berlin completely cut off from East Germany?

A

October 1961

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17
Q

How many soldiers were shot trying to cross the wall between 1961 and 1989?

A

Over 200

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18
Q

Why was the Berlin wall built?

A
  • Khruschev knew he couldn’t win a war
  • The wall stopped East Germans crossing the border to the west and if they did they’d be shot
  • The wall made krushev look strong
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19
Q

What was the impact on Soviet Rule of Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Czechoslovakia’s economy and living standards declined
  • Communist rule became very unpopular
  • Opposition to communism was crushed
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20
Q

Who was the leader of Czechoslovakia in 1968?

A

Alexander Dubeck

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21
Q

Things about Alexander Dubeck?

A
  • Became czechoslovakian leader in 1968
  • Good friend to soviet leader Brezhnev
  • Wanted communism easier to live under
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22
Q

What was socialism with a human face?

A

He wanted to make communism easier to live under

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23
Q

What was the prague spring?

A

A period of increased political freedom. April 1968 lots of criticism resulted on communism

24
Q

What did the prague spring do?

A
  • More freedom to say and write things even criticise communism
  • More democracy alongside the communist party
  • More power was given to czechoslovakian parliment and soviet control was reduced
  • Powers of secret police were reduced
25
Q

How did czechoslovaks respond to Prague spring?

A
  • Students,intellectuals,workers and young members of communist party were happy about Dubeck’s reforms.
  • Books were written about criticising Soviet style communism
  • Secret police wern’t happy as some lost power
26
Q

How did the rest of the communism world react to Prague spring?

A
  • It horrified old czechoslovakian communists as they thought it would lead to the collapse of communism
  • Brezhnev and other communists in the east were concerned as other countries might think to do this
27
Q

When did Brezhnev invade Czechoslovakia?

A

August 1968

28
Q

How did Brezhnev react to the Prague Spring?

A
  • Brezhnev thought any weakness in control could break the warsaw pact
  • Brezhnev failed to convince Dubeck to stop the reforms
  • August 1968 Brezhnev sent tanks to Prague and Dubeck was arrested
  • Gustav Husak was in control of Czech and went back to normal
29
Q

Consequences of Brezhnev Doctorine?

A
  • Soviet union had the right to invade any eastern bloc country that was threatning every country
  • The USA did nothing about invading Prague as they were scared of war
  • Yugoslavia and Romania backed off from the soviet union which weakened Soviet union grip
30
Q

Importance of soviet union invasion on Czechoslovakia?

A

It made soviet Countries not rebel against communism and feared invasion

31
Q

What did Brezhnev think USA would do if they attacked afghanistan?

A

Not do anything but instead it revived the Cold war and put an ending to Detante

32
Q

When was afghanistan attacked?

A

1979

33
Q

What happend in 1979?

A

Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan (which was communist) as their leader got assasinated. USA reacted strongly to this

34
Q

What happened between soviet union and afghanistan?

A
  • Afghanistan was bordering Soviet union this meant they had to be communist. Taraki was communist
  • Pres Taraki was assasinated and replaced by Amin.
  • Brezhnev ordered troops to invade Afghanistan in Dec 1979. Karmal was president Amin was killed
  • SU troops had to stay in afghanistan for Karmal to stay in power. Afghan rebels resisted these troops
35
Q

Why was Jimmy Carter worried about Afghanistan?

A
  • USA was worried SU would invade middle east
  • If SU invaded Afghanistan they might invade Iran and Iran middle east oil was essential to USA
36
Q

When was the Carter Doctorine?

A

January 1980

37
Q

What was the Carter Doctorine?

A
  • He threatened to use force if SU attempted to take control of persian gulf
  • USA imposed ecenomic sanctions where USA would no longer export grain to or import oil from SU
  • USA were secretly backing Mujahideen meant they were backing a war against SU
38
Q

Things about SALT 2?

A

US began to build their own nuclear weapons and soviets respomded by creating SS20 missile

39
Q

What happened in 1980?

A

USA boycotted olympics in moscow in retaliation to Afghanistan

40
Q

How dis SU respond to boycott in 1980?

A

SU boycotted the 1984 LA olympics and this brought an end to cooperation between the two

41
Q

Consequences for USA for SU invading Afghanistan?

A
  • Persuaded many americans SU cannot be trusted
  • Helped elect Reagan in 1980 who was anti communist.
42
Q

Consequences for SU for SU invading Afghanistan?

A
  • Soviet Union troops still kept in Afghanistan to keep Karmal in power
  • Troops were attacked by Mujahideen and lots of casualties
  • Pressure was put on soviet leadership to end the unpopular war
43
Q

When was the Helesinki conference?

A

1975

44
Q

What was the Helesinki agreements?

A
  • An agreement signed by all European countries (except Albania and Andorra) as well as USA,SU and Canada and the 35 countries agreed on security issues,cooperation human rights and borders.
45
Q

What were some of the things in Helesinki agreement?

A
  • Agreement on borders east and west germany were seperated
  • trade (USA agreed to buy oil from SU and SU agreed to buy wheat from USA.)
  • All disputes to be settled peacefully through UN
  • Sharing Scientific knowledge in eg. Medicine and educational cooperation
  • Countries to respect human rights including human rights, religion and freedom of speech
46
Q

Importance of Helesinki?

A
  • Helped the USA and SU form a soviet relationship
  • Represented as a hight point for detente
47
Q

Limits to Helesinki?

A
  • SU continued to focus of Esstern bloc countries and apply Brezhnev doctorine. Protestors were treated harshly and Sakharov was arrested
  • US still continued to influence countries like Chile and El Salvador
48
Q

What is glasnost?

A

Censorship of the press to be relaxed

49
Q

What is perestroika?

A

Ecenomic reforms to make economy more efficient

50
Q

What started the end of communism?

A

Perestroika and glasnost didn’t make communism stronger it made it worse. The Baltic states wanted to leave and some army officers felt that Gorbachev failed communism

51
Q

How did Gorbachev try save communism?

A

By giving soviet communism countries more freedom but they rejected it and wanted even more freedom

52
Q

When did Gorbachev announce dissolution of SU?

A

25th December 1991

53
Q

Why did the SU lose the cold war?

A
  • Propaganda (hard for SU to sell communism when capitilsm worked better for people)
  • Afghan war (huge cost and drained SU economy)
  • 1970-1980 (SU economy stayed the same where USA forged ahead eg USA had computer Soviets didn’t
    Arms race - Catching up the USA in 1960’s crippled soviet economy
54
Q

When did SU collapse?

A

1991

55
Q

The significance of the fall of SU?

A
  • Many soviet states broke away from SU and became independant.
  • Fall of Warsaw Pact

History (13 decks)

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