U.S. History Unit 4 Flashcards
- Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR’s wife ; First Lady
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd president of the United States
- New Deal
The plans FDR set in place to heal America
- Fireside Chats
Informal radio speeches
- FDIC
Federal deposit insurance corporation. Insured bank deposits of up to $5,000
- TVA
Tennessee valley authority. Built a series of dams to control floods in the Tennessee river and to generate electricity
- CCC
Civilian conservation corps. Provided jobs to nearly 2 million young men
- NRA
National recovery administration. Developed codes of fair competition to drive businesses
- PWA
Public works administration. Built bridges dams power plants and government buildings
- Huey Long
The main critic of FDR. Was assassinated
- Second New Deal
Addressed the problems of the elderly, poor, and unemployed
- WPA
Work progress administration. Created new jobs and cost $5 billion
- Pump Priming
A theory thought up by John Maynard Keynes who said the allowing people the work on projects would put money in the hand of the consumers
- Social Security Act
Provides unemployment insurance for people who lost their jobs
- Collective Bargaining
process in which employers negotiatewith labor unions about hours, wages, and other workingconditions
- Fair Labor Standards Act
1938 law that set a minimumwage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawedchild labor
- CIO
labor organizationfounded in the 1930s that represented industrialworkers
- Sit Down Strikes
labor protest in which workers stop workingand occupy the workplace until their demands aremet
- Black Cabinet
Unofficial black advisors to FDR
- Mary McLeod Bethune
Founded school for black girls in 1904
- Indian New Deal
1930s legislation that gave Indiansgreater control over their affairs and provided fundingfor schools and hospitals
- New Deal Coalition
political force formed by diversegroups who united to support Franklin D. Roosevelt andhis New Deal
- Welfare State
government that assumes responsibility forproviding for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, andunemployed
- Totalitarianism
a theory of government in which a singleparty or leader controls the economic, social, and culturallives of its people
- Joseph Stalin
Russian dictator
- Benito Mussolini
Italian dictator
- Adolf hitler
German dictator
- Anti Semitic
prejudice and discrimination against Jewishpeople
- Anschluss
union of Germany and Austria in 1933
- Blitzkrieg
“lightning war” that emphasized the use of speedand firepower to penetrate deep into the enemy’s territory
- Axis powers
group of countries led by Germany, Italy, andJapan that fought the Allies in World War II
- Allies
group of countries led by Britain, France, the UnitedStates, and the Soviet Union that fought the Axis Powersin World War II
- Neutrality act of 1939
act that allowed nations at war tobuy goods and arms in the United States if they paidcash and carried the merchandise on their own ships
- Lend lease act
act passed in 1941 that allowed PresidentRoosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any countrywhose defense he considered vital to the safety of theUnited States
- Atlantic charter
joint declaration made by Great Britainand the United States during World War II that endorsednational self-determination and an international systemof general security
- WAC
U.S. Army group establishedduring World War II so that women could serve in noncombatroles
- Douglass MacArthur
World War II 5 star general
- Bataan death march
during World War II, the forcedmarch of American and Filipino prisoners of war underbrutal conditions by the Japanese military
- Battle of coral sea
World War II battle that took placebetween Japanese and American aircraft carriers
- George S. Patton Jr.
a senior officer of the United States Army, who commanded the U.S. Seventh Army in the Mediterranean and European Theaters of World War II
- Unconditional surrender
giving up completely withoutany concessions
- Saturation bombing
tactic of dropping massive amountsof bombs in order to inflict maximum damage
- Strategic bombing
tactic of dropping bombs on key politicaland industrial targets
- Tuskegee airmen
African American squadron that escortedbombers in the air war over Europe during World WarII
- Battle of midway
turning point of World War II in thePacific, in which the Japanese advance was stopped
- A. Phillip Randolph
a leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the American labor movement, and socialist political parties.
- Executive order 8802
World War II measure that assuredfair hiring practices in any job funded by the government
- Bracero program
plan that brought laborers from Mexicoto work on American farms
- Interment
temporary imprisonment of members of a specificgroup
- 442nd regimental chat team
World War II unitmade up of Japanese American volunteers
- Rationing
government-controlled limits on the amount of certaingoods that civilians could buy during wartime
- OWI
government agencythat encouraged support of the war effort during WorldWar II
- D-day
June 6, 1944, the day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France
- Battle of the bulge
in December 1944, Hitler ordered acounterattack on Allied troops in Belgium, but it crippledGermany by using up reserves and demoralizing itstroops
- Harry S. Truman
33rd president
- Island hopping
World War II strategy that involved seizingselected Japanese-held islands in the Pacific whilebypassing others
- Kamikaze
Japanese pilots who deliberately crashedplanes into American ships during World War II
- Albert Einstein
German physicist
- Manhattan project
code name of the project that developedthe atomic bomb
- Robert J. Oppenheimer
Inventor of atom bomb
- Holocaust
name now used to describe the systematic murderby the Nazis of Jews and others
- Anti-semitism
prejudice and discrimination against Jewishpeople
- Nuremberg laws
laws enacted by Hitler that deniedGerman citizenship to Jews
- Kristallnacht
“Night of the Broken Glass,” organizedattacks on Jewish communities in Germany onNovember 9, 1938
- Genocide
Mass killing of one race or religion
- Concentration camp
camps used by the Nazis to imprison“undesirable” members of society
- Death camp
Nazi camp designed for the extermination ofprisoners
- War refugee board
U.S. government agency founded in1944 to save Eastern European Jews
- Satellite state
independent nation under the control of amore powerful nation
- Cold War
worldwide rivalry between the United States andthe Soviet Union
- Iron curtain
term coined by Winston Churchill to describethe border between the Soviet satellite states andWestern Europe
- Truman Doctrine
President Truman’s promise to helpnations struggling against communist movements
- George F. Kennan
foreign officer who formulated the “containment doctrine” which stated that Russia was relentlessly expansionary, cautious and the flow of the soviet power could be stemmed by firm and vigilant containment. he wrote “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” which argued this containment policy
- Containment
policy of keeping communism contained withinits existing borders
- Marshall plan
foreign policy that offered economic aid toWestern European countries after World War II
- Berlin Airlift
program in which U.S. and British pilots flewsupplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade
- NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; (1949) an alliance made to defend one another (militarily) if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Iceland.
- Warsaw Pact
military alliance of the Soviet Union and itssatellite states
- Jiang Jieshi
Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975. He is known as Chiang Chung-cheng or Chiang Chieh-shih in Standard Chinese.
- Mao Zedong
Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People’s Republic of China
- 38th parallel
dividing line between North and South Korea
- Douglas MacArthur
American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army
- Limited war
war fought to achieve only specific goals
- SEATO
defensivealliance aimed at preventing communist aggressionin Asia
- Arms Race
contest in which nations compete to build morepowerful weapons
- Mutually Assured Destruction
policy in which theUnited States and the Soviet Union hoped to deternuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroyone another
- Massive Retaliation
policy of threatening to use massiveforce in response to aggression
- Brinkmanship
belief that only by going to the brink of warcould the United States protect itself against communistaggression
- NASA
government agency that coordinates U.S. effortsin space
- Red scare
fear that communists were working to destroythe American way of life
- HUAC
congressionalcommittee that investigated possible subversiveactivities within the United States
- Blacklist
list of persons who were not hired because of suspectedcommunist ties
- Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
Couple that was convicted for conspiracy to commit espionage. They were killed by electric chair
- Joseph R. McCarthy
Republican senator who accused hundreds of Democrats as being Communists
- McCarthyism
negative catchword for extreme, recklesscharges of disloyalty
- GI Bill of Rights
eased the return of World War II veteransby providing education and employment aid
- Baby Boom
increase in births between 1945 and 1964
- Productivity
the rate at which goods are produced or servicesperformed
- Taft-Hartley Act
a law that restricted the power of laborunions
- Interstate Highway Act
1956 law that authorized thespending of $32 billion to build 41,000 miles of highway
- Service Sector
businesses that provide services rather thanmanufactured goods
- Information Industries
businesses that provide informationalservices
- Franchise Businesses
to allow a company to distribute itsproducts or services through retail outlets owned byindependent operators
- Multinational Corporations
companies that produce andsell their goods and services all over the world
- Elvis Presley
Father of rock and roll. Very flamboyant and changed the world of music
- Rock and roll
music originated in the gospel and blues traditionsof African Americans
- Benjamin Spock
With or of th book baby care. Helped teach young parents about caring for their child
- Nuclear family
ideal or typical household with a father,mother, and children
- Median family income
measure of average family income
- Consumerism
large-scale buying, much of it on credit
