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U.S. History (2015-16) > Quarter 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Quarter 4 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. De Facto Segregation
A

segregation by unwritten custom ortradition

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2
Q
  1. Thurgood Marshall
A

Associate of justice for the Supreme Court 1967-1991

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3
Q
  1. Earl Warren
A

Ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

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4
Q
  1. Brown V. Board of Education
A

Ended legal segregation in public schools

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5
Q
  1. Civil Rights Act of 1957
A

outlawed discrimination in publicplaces and employment based on race, religion, or nationalorigin

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6
Q
  1. Rosa Parks
A

African American civil rights activist

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7
Q
  1. Montgomery Bus Boycott
A

1955–1956 protest by AfricanAmericans in Montgomery, Alabama, against racial segregationin the bus system

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8
Q
  1. Martin Luther King Jr.
A

Leader of African American civil rights movement

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9
Q
  1. De Jure Segregation
A

segregation imposed by law

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10
Q
  1. Sit in
A

form of protest where participants sit and refuse tomove

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11
Q
  1. SNCC
A

grass-roots movement founded in 1960 by young civilrights activists

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12
Q
  1. Freedom ride
A

1961 protest by activists who rode busesthrough southern states to test their compliance with theban on segregation on interstate buses

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13
Q
  1. James Merdith
A

Civil rights movement figure

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14
Q
  1. Medgar Evers
A

Helped overturn segregation at the university of Mississippi

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15
Q
  1. March on Washington
A

1963 demonstration in which morethan 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civilrights

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16
Q
  1. Filibuster
A

tactic by which senators give long speeches to holdup legislative business

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17
Q
  1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
A

law that established a federal CivilRights Commission

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18
Q
  1. Freedom summer
A

1964 effort to register AfricanAmerican voters in Mississippi

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19
Q
  1. Voting Rights Act
A

law that banned literacy tests andempowered the federal government to oversee voter registration

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20
Q
  1. 24th Amendment
A

constitutional amendmentthat banned the poll tax as a voting requirement

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21
Q
  1. Kerner Commission
A

group set up to investigate the causesof race riots in American cities in the 1960s

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22
Q
  1. Malcolm X
A

Muslim. African American human rights activist

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23
Q
  1. Nation of Islam
A

African American religious organizationfounded in 1930 that advocated separation of the races

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24
Q
  1. Black Power
A

movement in the 1960s that urged AfricanAmericans to use their collective political and economicpower to gain equality

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25
Q
  1. Black Panthers
A

organization of militant AfricanAmericans founded in 1966

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26
Q
  1. John F. Kennedy
A

35th president of the United States

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27
Q
  1. Richard Nixon
A

37th president

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28
Q
  1. Flexible Response
A

defense policy allowing for the appropriateaction in any type of conflict

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29
Q
  1. Peace Corps
A

American government organization thatsends volunteers to provide technical, educational, andmedical services in developing countries

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30
Q
  1. Bay of Pigs
A

1961 failed invasion of Cuba by aCIA-led force of Cuban exiles

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31
Q
  1. Cuban Missile Crisis
A

1962 conflict between the U.S. and theSoviet Union resulting from the Soviet installation ofnuclear missiles in Cuba

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32
Q
  1. Nikita Kicherov
A

Led the Soviets during part of the Cold War

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33
Q
  1. Nuclear test ban treaty
A

1963 nuclear-weapons agreement,which banned aboveground nuclear tests

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34
Q
  1. Berlin Wall
A

dividing wall built by East Germany in 1961 toisolate West Berlin from Communist-controlled EastBerlin

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35
Q
  1. New frontier
A

President Kennedy’s plan aimed at improvingthe economy, fighting racial discrimination, andexploring space

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36
Q
  1. Equal pay act
A

1963 law that required both men andwomen to receive equal pay for equal work

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37
Q
  1. Deficit spending
A

practice of a nation paying out moremoney than it is receiving in revenues

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38
Q
  1. Space race
A

the competition between the United Statesand the Soviet Union to develop the technology to successfullyland on the moon

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39
Q
  1. Warren Commision
A

committee that investigated the assassinationof President Kennedy

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40
Q
  1. Ho Chi Minh
A

Vietnamese communist leader

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41
Q
  1. Domino Theory
A

idea that if a nation falls to communism, itsclosest neighbors will also fall under communist control

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42
Q
  1. SEATO
A

defensivealliance aimed at preventing communist aggressionin Asia

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43
Q
  1. Vietcong
A

South Vietnamese communist rebels that waged aguerrilla war against the government of South Vietnamthroughout the Vietnam War

44
Q
  1. Gulf on Tonkin Resolution
A

1964 congressional resolutionthat authorized President Johnson to commit U.S. troopsto South Vietnam and fight a war against North Vietnam

45
Q
  1. William Westmoreland
A

Commanded US forces during the Vietnamese war

46
Q
  1. Napalm
A

jellied gasoline dropped in canisters that explodeon impact and cover large areas in flames; dropped byU.S. planes during the Vietnam War

47
Q
  1. Hawk
A

a person who supported U.S. involvement in theVietnam War

48
Q
  1. Dove
A

person who opposed U.S. involvement in the VietnamWar

49
Q
  1. Vietnamization
A

President Nixon’s plan for gradual withdrawalof U.S. forces as South Vietnamese troopsassumed more combat duties

50
Q
  1. My Lai
A

village in South Vietnam where in 1968 Americanforces opened fire on unarmed civilians; U.S. soldierskilled between 400 and 500 Vietnamese

51
Q
  1. Pentagon Papers
A

classified U.S. government study thatrevealed American leaders intentionally involved theUnited States in Vietnam without fully informing theAmerican people; leaked to The New York Times in 1971

52
Q
  1. Paris Peace Accords
A

1973 peace agreement between theUnited States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and theVietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War

53
Q
  1. War Power Axis
A

1973 law passed by Congress restrictingthe President’s war-making powers; the law requires thePresident to consult with Congress before committingAmerican forces to a foreign conflict

54
Q
  1. Henry Kissinger
A

American diplomat and political scientist.

55
Q
  1. Realpolitik
A

a foreign policy promoted by Henry Kissingerduring the Nixon administration based on concretenational interests instead of abstract ideologies

56
Q
  1. Zhou Enlai
A

Leading figure of the Chinese communist party

57
Q
  1. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
A

1972 treatybetween the United States and the Soviet Union thatfroze the deployment of intercontinental ballistic missilesand placed limits on antiballistic missiles

58
Q
  1. Dètente
A

flexible diplomacy adopted by Richard Nixon to easetensions between the United States, the Soviet Union, andthe People’s Republic of China

59
Q
  1. Counterculture
A

movement that upheld values different fromthose of mainstream culture

60
Q
  1. Generation Gap
A

lack of understanding and communicationbetween older and younger members of society

61
Q
  1. Beatles
A

British music group

62
Q
  1. Commune
A

small communities where people share resources

63
Q
  1. Timothy Leary
A

American psychologist who liked drugs

64
Q
  1. Rachel Carson
A

Author who advanced the global warming movement

65
Q
  1. Toxic Waste
A

poisonous byproducts of human activity

66
Q
  1. Earth Day
A

annual event of environmental activism andprotest, begun in 1970

67
Q
  1. EPA
A

governmentagency committed to cleaning up and protecting the environment

68
Q
  1. Clean Air Act
A

act passed in 1970 that lessened air pollutionby limiting the emissions from factories and automobiles

69
Q
  1. Clean water Act
A

1973 law that restricted the pollution ofwater by industry and agriculture

70
Q
  1. Endangered Species Act
A

law passed in 1973 to protectendangered plants and animals

71
Q
  1. Silent Majority
A

phrase introduced by President RichardNixon to refer to a significant number of Americans whosupported his policies but chose not to express their views

72
Q
  1. Stagflation
A

term for the economic condition created in thelate 1960s and 1970s by high inflation combined with stagnanteconomic growth and high unemployment

73
Q
  1. OPEC
A

group of countries which sell oil to other nationsand cooperate to regulate the price and supply of oil

74
Q
  1. Southern Strategy
A

tactic of the Republican Party for winningpresidential elections by securing the electoral votesof southern states

75
Q
  1. Affirmative Action
A

policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination

76
Q
  1. Watergate
A

political scandal involving illegal activities thatultimately led to the resignation of President Nixon in1974

77
Q
  1. 25th Amendment
A

constitutional amendment ratifiedin 1967 that deals with presidential succession, vicepresidential vacancy, and presidential inability

78
Q
  1. Executive Privilege
A

principle that the President has theright to keep certain communications between himself andother members of the executive branch private

79
Q
  1. Helsinki Records
A

agreement made in 1975 among theUnited States, Canada, and European nations, includingthe Soviet Union, in which all nations agreed to supporthuman rights

80
Q
  1. Human Rights
A

basic rights automatically held by everyhuman being, including religious freedom, education, andequality

81
Q
  1. SALT 2
A

proposedagreement between the United States and the SovietUnion to limit certain types of nuclear arms production; itwas never ratified by the United States Senate

82
Q
  1. Boat People
A

refugees who leave their country by boat

83
Q
  1. Sanctions
A

penalties

84
Q
  1. Developing World
A

countries that are less economicallyadvanced than developed countries such as the UnitedStates

85
Q
  1. Camp David Accords
A

1978 agreement brokered byPresident Jimmy Carter between Egyptian and Israelileaders that made a peace treaty between the two nationspossible

86
Q
  1. Ayatollah Khomeini
A

Ayatollah Khomeini was the founder and supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The only leader in the Muslim world who combined political and religious authority as a head of state, he took office

87
Q
  1. Liberal
A

a person who tends to support government interventionto help the needy and favor laws protecting therights of women and minorities

88
Q
  1. Conservative
A

person who tends to support limited governmentinvolvement in the economy, community help for theneedy, and traditional values

89
Q
  1. New Right
A

political movement supported by reinvigoratedconservative groups in the latter half of the twentiethcentury

90
Q
  1. Unfounded Mandate
A

program or action required but notpaid for by the federal government

91
Q
  1. Moral Majority
A

political organization established byReverend Jerry Falwell in 1979 to advance religiousgoals

92
Q
  1. Ronald Reagan
A

40th president of the United States

93
Q
  1. Supply Side Economics
A

economic theory that held that thegovernment should increase the supply of labor andgoods to achieve long-term growth, rather than increasingdemand through government spending

94
Q
  1. Deregulation
A

reduction or removal of government controlsover an industry

95
Q
  1. Budget Deficit
A

shortfall between the amount of moneyspent and the amount taken in by the federal government

96
Q
  1. National Debt
A

total amount of money that the federal governmentowes to the owners of government bonds

97
Q
  1. Savings and Loan Crisis
A

the failure of about 1,000 savingsand loan banks as a result of risky business practices

98
Q
  1. AIDS
A

Sexually transmitted disease

99
Q
  1. European Union
A

economic and political union ofEuropean nations established in 1993

100
Q
  1. NAFTA
A

agreement signed in 1993 calling for the removal of traderestrictions among Canada, Mexico, and the UnitedStates

101
Q
  1. World Trade Organization
A

international organizationformed in 1995 to encourage the expansion ofworld trade

102
Q
  1. Ethnic Cleansing
A

systematic effort to purge an area orsociety of an ethnic group through murder or deportation

103
Q
  1. al Queda
A

Terrorist group in Middle East

104
Q
  1. Taliban
A

Islamic fundamentalist faction that controlled mostof Afghanistan from 1996–2001

105
Q
  1. Patriot Act
A

law passed following September 11, 2001, givinglaw enforcement broader powers in monitoring possibleterrorist activities

106
Q
  1. Immigration act of 1990
A

law that increased the numberof immigrants allowed in the U.S. per year

107
Q
  1. Privatize
A

to transfer from governmental ownership or controlto private interests

U.S. History (2015-16) (5 decks)

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