U.S. History Unit 2 Flashcards
- Protective tariff
Taxes that made imported goods more expensive
- Entrepreneur
People who invest money in a product or enterprise in order to make a profit
- Laissez faire
Business’ operated under minimal government supervision
- Patent
A grant by the federal government giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time
- Thomas Edison
1876 inventor. Invented many products
- Bessemer process
Purifying iron, resulting in stronger, but more lightweight steel
- Time zone
1884, 27 countries divided the globe into 24 time zones
- Mass production
Factory owners developed systems for turning out large numbers of products quickly and in expensively
- Corporation
Group ownership of a company
- Monopoly
Complete control of a product or service
- Cartel
A group from one corporation to eliminate the other rival one.
- John D Rockefeller
An oil tycoon, made deals with railroads to increase his profit
- Horizontal integration
System of consolidation among many businesses.
- Andrew Carnegie
Steel tycoon
- Vertical integration
Reduce costs and charge high prices to competitors
- Social Darwinism
Only the fittest (wealthiest) would survive
- Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Oversee railroad operations
- Sherman anti-trust Act
Outlawed any trust that operated in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states
- Sweatshop
Small, hot, and dirty workshops
- Company town
Towns owned by the company and rented out to the employees
- Collective bargaining
Negotiating as a group for higher wages or better working conditions
- Socialism
Economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income
- Knights of Labor
A union created by Uriah Smith who included all workers, included all workers of any trade , skilled or unskilled.
- AFL (American Federation of Labor
Formed by Samuel Gompers and was a craft Union. Only allowed skilled local workers
- Haymarket riot
Riot in haymaker square where dozens of policemen were killed due to a bomb
- Homestead strike
Epidemic of steelworkers and miners strikes that took place as economic depression spread across America
- Eugene V Debs
Leader of ARU (American railway Union)
- Pullman Strike
Strike led by ARU, all railroad workers
- New immigrant
Immigrants from 1870 - WW1
- Steerage
The worst accommodations on the immigration ship
- Ellis island
New York immigration center
- Angel island
San Francisco immigration center
- Americanization
Making newcomers learn English and learn the American traditions
- Melting pot
White people of all different nations blended to make one culture
- Nativism
Belief that native born Americans were superior to the rest
- Chinese exclusion act
1882, prohibited Chinese laborer a and limited the rights of the already limited Chinese immigrants
- Urbanization
People moved to cities to live in
- Rural-to-urban migrant
The move from farm to factory
- Skyscraper
Ten story+ buildings
- Elisha Otis
Developed safety elevator
- Mass transit
Public systems that could carry large numbers of people fairly inexpensively
- Suburb
Cleaner, quieter part of the city
- Tenement
Low cost multi family housing. Designed to squeeze many families into a small area
- Gilded Age
The new lifestyle the Americans adopted. Shopping, sports, and reading popular magazines.
- Conspicuous consumerism
When people wanted and bought the many new products on the market
- Mass culture
When many items are the exact same from house to house
- Joseph Pulitzer
Hungarian immigrant who fought in the civil war
- Cash crop
Crops grown for money not own use
- Farmer’s alliance
Local organizations that combined. Wanted cheaper supplies
- Civil rights act of 1875
Guaranteed blacks the rights to ride trains and use public facilities
- Reservation
Specific areas set aside by the government for the Indians use
- Sand creek massacre
Spawned another round of warfare between Indians and Americans. Specifically Plains Indians.
- Battle of little big horn
Americans attacked Indians and lost. 250 Americans : 2,000 Indians
- Sitting bull
Hunkpapa war chief
- Wounded knee
Battle where Americans wanted to stop Indians from doing a ritual, ghost dance. Aka ghost dance war. Turning point for Americans because Americans won
- Assimilate
Forced into accepting a certain culture
- Dawes general allotment act
1887, each Indian family was given a 160 acre farmstead
- Vigilante
Self appointed law enforcers
- Transcontinental railroad
A rail link between east and west
- Land grant
Money in the forms of loans
- Open range system
Property was not fenced in
- Homestead act
Passed in 1862, the government offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone willing to live on the land for 5 years, dig a well, and build a road.
- Exoduster
Group of African Americans who planted crops in Kansas and Oklahoma and founded many all-black towns
- Jim Crowe Laws
Kept blacks and white segregated
- Poll Tax
Required voters to pay a tax to vote
- Literacy test
Tests voters were required to pass in order to vote
- Grandfather clause
Allowed people to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866
- Booker T. Washington
Famous black leader during late 19th century
- W.E.B. Du Bois
Argued that blacks should want full equality not just educational rights
- Ida B. Wells
Fought for justice. Born into slavery
- Spoils system
Awarded government jobs to loyal party workers
- Pendleton civil service act
Created a civil service exam and forced people who wanted to work for government pass the exam
- Gold standard
Government would use gold as basis for nation’s national currency
- Populist party
AKA people’s party, wanted to create a new party from the grass up
- William Jennings Bryan
Democratic Party presidential nominee, election of 1896.
