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U.S. History (2015-16) > U.S. History Unit 2 > Flashcards

U.S. History Unit 2 Flashcards

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0
Q
  1. Protective tariff
A

Taxes that made imported goods more expensive

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1
Q
  1. Entrepreneur
A

People who invest money in a product or enterprise in order to make a profit

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2
Q
  1. Laissez faire
A

Business’ operated under minimal government supervision

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3
Q
  1. Patent
A

A grant by the federal government giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time

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4
Q
  1. Thomas Edison
A

1876 inventor. Invented many products

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5
Q
  1. Bessemer process
A

Purifying iron, resulting in stronger, but more lightweight steel

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6
Q
  1. Time zone
A

1884, 27 countries divided the globe into 24 time zones

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7
Q
  1. Mass production
A

Factory owners developed systems for turning out large numbers of products quickly and in expensively

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8
Q
  1. Corporation
A

Group ownership of a company

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9
Q
  1. Monopoly
A

Complete control of a product or service

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10
Q
  1. Cartel
A

A group from one corporation to eliminate the other rival one.

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11
Q
  1. John D Rockefeller
A

An oil tycoon, made deals with railroads to increase his profit

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12
Q
  1. Horizontal integration
A

System of consolidation among many businesses.

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13
Q
  1. Andrew Carnegie
A

Steel tycoon

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14
Q
  1. Vertical integration
A

Reduce costs and charge high prices to competitors

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15
Q
  1. Social Darwinism
A

Only the fittest (wealthiest) would survive

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16
Q
  1. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
A

Oversee railroad operations

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17
Q
  1. Sherman anti-trust Act
A

Outlawed any trust that operated in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states

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18
Q
  1. Sweatshop
A

Small, hot, and dirty workshops

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19
Q
  1. Company town
A

Towns owned by the company and rented out to the employees

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20
Q
  1. Collective bargaining
A

Negotiating as a group for higher wages or better working conditions

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21
Q
  1. Socialism
A

Economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income

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22
Q
  1. Knights of Labor
A

A union created by Uriah Smith who included all workers, included all workers of any trade , skilled or unskilled.

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23
Q
  1. AFL (American Federation of Labor
A

Formed by Samuel Gompers and was a craft Union. Only allowed skilled local workers

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24
Q
  1. Haymarket riot
A

Riot in haymaker square where dozens of policemen were killed due to a bomb

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25
Q
  1. Homestead strike
A

Epidemic of steelworkers and miners strikes that took place as economic depression spread across America

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26
Q
  1. Eugene V Debs
A

Leader of ARU (American railway Union)

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27
Q
  1. Pullman Strike
A

Strike led by ARU, all railroad workers

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28
Q
  1. New immigrant
A

Immigrants from 1870 - WW1

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29
Q
  1. Steerage
A

The worst accommodations on the immigration ship

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30
Q
  1. Ellis island
A

New York immigration center

31
Q
  1. Angel island
A

San Francisco immigration center

32
Q
  1. Americanization
A

Making newcomers learn English and learn the American traditions

33
Q
  1. Melting pot
A

White people of all different nations blended to make one culture

34
Q
  1. Nativism
A

Belief that native born Americans were superior to the rest

35
Q
  1. Chinese exclusion act
A

1882, prohibited Chinese laborer a and limited the rights of the already limited Chinese immigrants

36
Q
  1. Urbanization
A

People moved to cities to live in

37
Q
  1. Rural-to-urban migrant
A

The move from farm to factory

38
Q
  1. Skyscraper
A

Ten story+ buildings

39
Q
  1. Elisha Otis
A

Developed safety elevator

40
Q
  1. Mass transit
A

Public systems that could carry large numbers of people fairly inexpensively

41
Q
  1. Suburb
A

Cleaner, quieter part of the city

42
Q
  1. Tenement
A

Low cost multi family housing. Designed to squeeze many families into a small area

43
Q
  1. Gilded Age
A

The new lifestyle the Americans adopted. Shopping, sports, and reading popular magazines.

44
Q
  1. Conspicuous consumerism
A

When people wanted and bought the many new products on the market

45
Q
  1. Mass culture
A

When many items are the exact same from house to house

46
Q
  1. Joseph Pulitzer
A

Hungarian immigrant who fought in the civil war

47
Q
  1. Cash crop
A

Crops grown for money not own use

48
Q
  1. Farmer’s alliance
A

Local organizations that combined. Wanted cheaper supplies

49
Q
  1. Civil rights act of 1875
A

Guaranteed blacks the rights to ride trains and use public facilities

50
Q
  1. Reservation
A

Specific areas set aside by the government for the Indians use

51
Q
  1. Sand creek massacre
A

Spawned another round of warfare between Indians and Americans. Specifically Plains Indians.

52
Q
  1. Battle of little big horn
A

Americans attacked Indians and lost. 250 Americans : 2,000 Indians

53
Q
  1. Sitting bull
A

Hunkpapa war chief

54
Q
  1. Wounded knee
A

Battle where Americans wanted to stop Indians from doing a ritual, ghost dance. Aka ghost dance war. Turning point for Americans because Americans won

55
Q
  1. Assimilate
A

Forced into accepting a certain culture

56
Q
  1. Dawes general allotment act
A

1887, each Indian family was given a 160 acre farmstead

57
Q
  1. Vigilante
A

Self appointed law enforcers

58
Q
  1. Transcontinental railroad
A

A rail link between east and west

59
Q
  1. Land grant
A

Money in the forms of loans

60
Q
  1. Open range system
A

Property was not fenced in

61
Q
  1. Homestead act
A

Passed in 1862, the government offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone willing to live on the land for 5 years, dig a well, and build a road.

62
Q
  1. Exoduster
A

Group of African Americans who planted crops in Kansas and Oklahoma and founded many all-black towns

63
Q
  1. Jim Crowe Laws
A

Kept blacks and white segregated

64
Q
  1. Poll Tax
A

Required voters to pay a tax to vote

65
Q
  1. Literacy test
A

Tests voters were required to pass in order to vote

66
Q
  1. Grandfather clause
A

Allowed people to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866

67
Q
  1. Booker T. Washington
A

Famous black leader during late 19th century

68
Q
  1. W.E.B. Du Bois
A

Argued that blacks should want full equality not just educational rights

69
Q
  1. Ida B. Wells
A

Fought for justice. Born into slavery

70
Q
  1. Spoils system
A

Awarded government jobs to loyal party workers

71
Q
  1. Pendleton civil service act
A

Created a civil service exam and forced people who wanted to work for government pass the exam

72
Q
  1. Gold standard
A

Government would use gold as basis for nation’s national currency

73
Q
  1. Populist party
A

AKA people’s party, wanted to create a new party from the grass up

74
Q
  1. William Jennings Bryan
A

Democratic Party presidential nominee, election of 1896.

U.S. History (2015-16) (5 decks)

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