U.S. History Unit 1 Flashcards
- Free Soil Party
The people who supported the Wilmot Proviso
- Wilmington Proviso
David Wilmot proposed a law saying “neither slaver nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any lands won from Mexico.
- Popular Sovereignty
A policy stating that voters in a territory, not congress, have the right to choose if slavery would be allowed there or not.
- Secede
Break away from the union
- Compromise of 1850
A way to keep the North and South together.
- Fugitive Slave Act
Citizens who help slaves runaway can be fined or imprisoned
- Personal Liberty Laws
Nullified fugitive slave act and allowed for the arrests of people who catch slaves for kidnapping.
- Underground Railroad
A loosely organized path that helped slaves escape captivity.
- Harriet Tubman
A conductor of the Underground Railroad. The main face of the Underground Railroad.
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
The author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, a condemnation of slavery.
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
The official splitting of Kansas and Nebraska
- John Brown
New York abolitionist
- Bleeding Kansas
The common known name of Kansas because of all of the fights going on.
- Know-Nothings
Anti-immigrant movement, whenever asked about nativist organization, they responded with “we know nothing”
- Republican Party
The rise of a new party as a collection of old parties. Mostly represented opposition to slavery.
- Dred Scott
Missouri slave who sued for his freedom.
- Roger B. Taney
Chief Justice while Dred Scott sued.
- Abraham Lincoln
16th president of US
- Stephen A. Douglas
Illinois politician who ran for president against Lincoln
- Harper’s Ferry
Place in Virginia where John brown and friends went to destroy slavery.
- Jefferson Davis
Convinced congress to adopt resolutions restricting federal control over slavery in the territories.
- John C. Beckonridge
Committed to spreading slavery.
- Confederate States of America
7 seceding states Texas Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida South Carolina
- Crittenden Compromise
John Crittenden proposed a compromise of allowing all states south of the Missouri compromise to be slave states.
- Fort Sumter
1 of 4 remaining forts in control of the Union.
- Blockade
Military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s ports
- Robert E. Lee
Confederate war leader
- Anaconda Plan
Union war strategy. Coil around enemies like a snake.
- Border State
Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland
Part of union. Allow slavery,but fight for north.
- Stonewall Jackson
Won first battle for confederates. Won the battle of bull run/mannassa
- George B. McClellan
The replacement for General Irvin McDowell
- Ulysses S. Grant
Union army general
- Shiloh
Southwest Tennessee and home of huge civil war battle
- Contraband
Captured war supplies
- Antietam
Battle of Antietam was called the bloodiest single day of the civil war
- Emancipation Proclamation
Military decree, freed enslaved people in states that are still in rebellion. Did not apply to the union or loyal border states. September 22, 1862.
- 54th Massachusetts Regiment
Full black Union army. Not slaves
- 13th Amendment
Outlaw slavery in the United States
- John Wilkes Booth
The man who assassinated Abe Lincoln on April 14th
- Matthew Brady
A photographer and journalist who pictured “The Dead at Anitetam”
- Land Grant College Act
Gave money from the sale of public lands to states for the establishment of universities that taught “agricultural and mechanical arts”
- Reconstruction
Program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair civil war damage and restore southern states to the union.
- Radical Republican
Congressmen who advocated full citizenship for African Americans along with a harsh reconstruction policy for the South.
- Freedman’s Bureau
Federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers in the south after the Civil War
- Black Code
Laws that restricted African Americans’ rights and opportunities
- Civil Rights Act of 1866
Law that established federal guarantees of civil rights for all citizens
- 14th Amendment
1868 constitutional amendment which defined citizenship and guaranteed citizens equal protection under the law
- Impeach
Accusation against a public official of wrong doing in office.
- 15th Amendment
1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude. Still NO women vote.
- Scalawag
Negative term for a white who supported the Republican Party after the civil war
- Carpetbaggers
Negative term for northerners who moved to south after the civil war
- Segregation
Forced separation, most of the times by race
- Integration
Process of bringing people of different races, religions, and social classes together.
- Sharecropping
System in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter’s land in return for a share of the crop
- Tenant farming
System when farmer pays a landowner to use his land for crops.
- Ku Klux Klan
Extreme racist group towards African Americans
- Enforcement acts
1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with w citizens right to vote.
- Redeemer
Politicians who aimed to repair/redeem the South
- Rutherford B. Hayes
1876 election candidate, Ohio native, republican
- Compromise of 1877
Hayes was elected president, in return for removing troops from the south, appoint a southern congressman to a powerful cabinet position, and south was guaranteed subsidies to repair railroads and improve ports.
- Entrepreneur
.
- Protective tariff
.
- Laissez faire
.
- Patent
.
- Thomas Edison
.
- Bessemer process
.
- Time zone
.
- Mass production
.
