US History 2: Chapter 19

Question 1

What are the major changes in American lifestyles from 1877-1890?

Answer 1

There was explosive urban growth that included immigration and movement from countryside

Question 2

What were the developments in city architecture and housing patterns in the late 19th century including tenements?

Answer 2

Steel and glass permit construction of skyscrapers; streetcars allowed growth for the suburbs

Question 3

What are tenements?

Answer 3

They house working class and were constantly overcrowded

Question 4

What were the problems with tenements?

Answer 4

Overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, poor ventilation, and polluted water

Question 5

What were the urban problems with overcrowding?

Answer 5

Poor public health and juvenile crime

Question 6

What were the social characteristics of immigrants from 1877 to 1890?

Answer 6

Young unskilled males who settled along the eastern coast, most moved for economic reasons and often knew someone in the US

Question 7

What was the population makeup of the immigrants by 1900?

Answer 7

80% of urban dwellers were immigrants

Question 8

What was Ellis Island’s place in immigration history?

Answer 8

It was a check point for all immigrants

Question 9

Where did the immigrants have to enter the US through?

Answer 9

Ellis Island

Question 10

What were the social characteristics of immigrants from 1890 to 1910?

Answer 10

They tended to be Catholics or Jews, most were unskilled and uneducated, and they stuck together in close knit communities

Question 11

Where did most of the immigrants come from in 1890 - 1910?

Answer 11

Southern and Eastern Europe

Question 12

How did the urban political machines work from 1850 to 1900?

Answer 12

They traded services for votes headed by influential leaders (“Bosses”)

Question 13

Boss Tweed

Answer 13

William M. Tweed provided a model for all of the Bosses and he was head of the Tweed Ring and he rose through the ranks of Tammany Hall and plundered New York for tens of millions of dollars

Question 14

What is “The House that Tweed Built”?

Answer 14

The New York County Courthouse

Question 15

What were the demographic changes in society?

Answer 15

There was an increase in Southern and Eastern European immigrants and a decrease in Northern and Western European immigrants and there was an extreme population growth

Question 16

How did families change during the time after reconstruction?

Answer 16

Families had more children, life expectancy increased due to improved health care, and for blacks and other minorities life expectancy was lower due to health care

Question 17

How did diets change?

Answer 17

Packaged food became more popular and commercially canned food became cheaper and safer

Question 18

What was Louis Pasteur’s contribution?

Answer 18

He discovered germs cause infection and disease and he created a new science of microbiology and led the way to develop vaccines and other preventative measure

Question 19

What were Mugwumps?

Answer 19

Mostly educated and upper class who worked to end corruption in politics

Question 20

What was the Temperance Movement?

Answer 20

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union who advocated total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages in 1874

Question 21

What were the popular types of entertainment from 1877 to 1890?

Answer 21

Organized spectator sports because popular along with cards and dominoes and classical and rag time music flourished

Question 22

What organized spectator sport became popular during this time?

Answer 22

Baseball

Question 23

How did the average American middle class family change from 1877 to 1890?

Answer 23

As many as 1/3 of families took in borders or relatives to help pay rent and remained a strong family unit; middle class families turned inward and became more self contained

Question 24

How did family roles change in middle class families?

Answer 24

Women and children became more isolated and the fathers began to move their families to the suburbs

Question 25

What were the main American education systems from 1877 to 1890?

Answer 25

The trend was toward universal education; school was the primary means to train people for life and work in industrialization

Question 26

What was the court case that established the “separate but equal” doctrine?

Answer 26

Plesy vs. Ferguson 1894 upheld the concept of segregation

Question 27

How did Plesy vs. Ferguson shape the South?

Answer 27

It made it difficult for blacks to gain prosperity in society and isolated them

Question 28

What were the factors fostering the growth in higher education to 1900?

Answer 28

The Moral Land Grant Act of 1862, private philanthropy, and they moved from classical curriculum to “reality and practicality”

Question 29

What was the Moral Land Grant of 1862?

Answer 29

Large grants of land to the states for the establishment of colleges to “teach agriculture and the mechanic arts” and established 69 land grant institutions

Question 30

What was the place of Blacks in higher education from 1860 to 1900?

Answer 30

They turned to black colleges such as the Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute in Virginia and the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Question 31

What was the goal of Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise”?

Answer 31

Rather than fighting for equal rights, blacks should acquire property and show they were worthy or their rights

Question 32

How did Henry George propose to close the gap between America’s rich and poor?

Answer 32

Tax unearned income on land which was the source of most wealth

Question 33

Jane Addams

Answer 33

Opened up Hull House in the heart of the Chicago slums

Question 34

How did the depression of 1893 impact reform?

Answer 34

It revealed insufficiency of private charity, created new professionalism in social work, new efforts to understand poverty’s resources, and increasing calls for government interventions

Question 35

What was the purpose of Hull House?

Answer 35

It established programs to help immigrants and provided practical education and medical help for the poor