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US History 2 > Review Test > Flashcards

Review Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Magna Carta

A

A foundational document that helped develop the US government

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2
Q

1492

A

Columbus found the New World for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

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3
Q

John Cabot in 1492

A

Sailed from Bristol to England to discover modern day Canada for Henry the 7 in England

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4
Q

Who turned England from a Catholic realm to Protestant realm during the English reformation?

A

King Henry the 8

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5
Q

Who was King Henry VIII wife during the English reformation?

A

Elizabeth I

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6
Q

What was the name of the first successful English settlement?

A

Jamestown

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7
Q

Who was Jamestown named after?

A

King James I

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8
Q

What year was Jamestown established?

A

1607

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9
Q

What was the main cash crop for Jamestown?

A

Tobacco

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10
Q

What did the Mayflower Compact establish?

A

The first government of Massachusetts outside of the English king

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11
Q

When was the Mayflower Compact established?

A

1620

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12
Q

Who was the translator and friend for the American Indians during the Mayflower Compact?

A

Squanto

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13
Q

When did the Great Migration for the Puritans start?

A

1629

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14
Q

Pilgrams

A

Separate from the church

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Want to purify the church

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16
Q

Who is John Winthrop?

A

He was the Puritan leader who was a major influence of both political parties in the 20th century through his discovery of his “shining city on a hill”

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17
Q

What is the “shining city on a hill”?

A

A perfect society

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18
Q

Why did many puritans return to England in 1641?

A

To fight in the English Civil War

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19
Q

In 1649, what forever changed the English social contract?

A

King Charles I was beheaded by parliament

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20
Q

How did King Charles I beheading change the English social contract?

A

Parliament became the supreme embodiment of the state instead of the monarchy

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21
Q

Who wrote the Leviathan?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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22
Q

Who was the dictator after the beheading of King Charles I?

A

Oliver Cromwell

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23
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

Colonies are seen as both sources for raw materials and captured markets

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24
Q

What are the Navigation Acts?

A

Oliver Cromwell attempting to control trade of the mercantilist society

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25
Q

When did Oliver Cromwell die and what happened to the monarchy?

A

1658 and the monarchy was restored

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26
Q

1685

A

Catholic King James II ascended from the throne

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27
Q

Who replaced King James II in 1688 during the Glorious revolution?

A

William and Mary

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28
Q

Who was John Locke during the Glorious Revolution?

A

An important philosopher who wrote the Second Treatise on Government which would greatly influence the American founding fathers

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29
Q

What did the Second Treatise on Government propose?

A

If the government becomes abusive the people are able to fight against the government and also proposed that a central function of the government was to protect private property

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30
Q

What is Salutary Neglect?

A

Americans were able to conduct their own affairs without much interference from the crown

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31
Q

What do Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams have in common?

A

They were both kicked out of Puritan colonies because they did not practice like everyone else

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32
Q

What were the three major European powers left in North America by the late 18th century?

A

Spain, France and Britain

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33
Q

When was the French and Indian War?

A

A war between Britain and France for control of the Ohio River Valley in 1754

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34
Q

Who won the French and Indian War?

A

The British

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35
Q

What was the outcome of the French and Indian War?

A

The British chose to levy taxes for the first time on colonists to raise revenues which gave rise to “Taxation without Representation”

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36
Q

Who was Patrick Henry?

A

He coined the term “Give me liberty or give me death”

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37
Q

Who was the King during the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea party?

A

King George III

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38
Q

When was the Boston Massacre?

A

1770

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39
Q

When was the Boston Tea Party?

A

1773

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40
Q

Who was John Adams?

A

Hew defended the British officers for their role in killing Americans who had attacked them

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41
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

American dressed like Indians and threw British tea into the Boston Harbor

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42
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts of 1774? (Coercive Acts)

A

The harsh British response to the destruction of property during the British Tea Party

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43
Q

Who Sam Adams?

A

A leader of the rebel movement known as the Sons of Liberty in Boston

44
Q

When were the battles of Lexington and Concord?

A

April 19, 1775

45
Q

Who primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

46
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

A

July 4, 1776

47
Q

What is the Wealth of Nation?

A

A magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith regarding wealth

48
Q

Who wrote Common Sense?

A

Thomas Paine

49
Q

What year was Common Sense written?

A

1776

50
Q

What was the purpose of Common Sense?

A

To mobilize colonists to support the rebellion

51
Q

Who wrote the series of pamphlets The American Crisis?

A

Thomas Paine

52
Q

When was George Washington elected president?

A

1789

53
Q

Who was George Washington?

A

He was the General of the Continental Army

54
Q

What was George Washington’s first major victory?

A

In December 1776, after a surprise attack on the Hessians after crossing the Delaware River

55
Q

What is Valley Forge?

A

Where George Washington and Continental Army spent the long winter (this was a desperate period)

56
Q

What is the significance of Saratoga during the American Revolutionary War?

A

It convinced King Louis XVI of France to enter into conflict against Britain and help the Americans who were starving and short on supplies

57
Q

When was the battle of Saratoga?

A

1777

58
Q

What is the significance of the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781?

A

British General Cornwallis surrendered his troops to the Americans which would effectively end the war although some fighting would continue until the Treaty of Paris

59
Q

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

A

September 3, 1783

60
Q

Who negotiated the Treaty of Paris?

A

Founding father Ben Franklin

61
Q

After the American Revolution, what was the governing document?

A

The Articles of Confederation until 1789

62
Q

What was Shays rebellion in 1786 and 1787?

A

An uprising of farmers in Massachusetts against state and local enforcement of tax collections

63
Q

Who lead Shays rebellion?

A

Daniel Shays

64
Q

When does the US Constitution become active?

A

1789

65
Q

Who lead the federalists?

A

James Madison (father of the Constitution) and Alexander Hamilton

66
Q

What are the Federalist Papers?

A

A series of essays to help make the federalists case during the writing of the US Constitution

67
Q

What was the most cited Federalist paper?

A

10 which deals with hazards of political factions

68
Q

What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

A

The initiative of the anti federalists to protect individual liberty from the power of the federal government

69
Q

When did political parties begin?

A

During the election between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson in 1800

70
Q

What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

A

When John Marshall, Chief Justice of Supreme Court establishes judiciary review

71
Q

What is judicial review?

A

This allows courts to rule on the constitutionality of certain laws in makes the judiciary a co equal branch of US government

72
Q

What are the three branches of the US Government?

A

Executive, legislative and judiciary

73
Q

What was the first US war on foreign soil?

A

The first Barbary War

74
Q

Who was the first President of the US to enter war on foreign soil?

A

Thomas Jefferson - both G. Washington and J. Adams tried to keep the US from fighting in European conflicts

75
Q

What was the Barbary War?

A

In 1801 to 1805 it was a result of high tributes imposed by Barbary pirates on American merchant ships

76
Q

What is the Louisiana Purchase?

A

When Jefferson bought territory from France and greatly expanded the US in 1803

77
Q

When was the Lewis and Clark exploration?

A

1803

78
Q

What is impressment?

A

The act of taking men into the navy by force with or without notice (similar to a draft)

79
Q

What was the War of 1812?

A

It was fought over the impressment of American sailors and established the US as a military power that would not be pushed around

80
Q

Who was Andrew Jackson?

A

The 7th American president and the father of the Democratic party because of its appeals to the common man

81
Q

How did Andrew Jackson gain is reputation?

A

Through his bravery and victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815

82
Q

Who was Shawnee ruler, Tecumseh?

A

He created a large tribal confederacy to protect Native American interests and his death during the War of 1812 was the beginning of the Native Americans end

83
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

The belief that the fate of the United States was to stretch from sea to shining sea

84
Q

What is the Mexican American War?

A

Spanned from 1846 to 1847 and fought in part because Texas was annexed

85
Q

When was the modern Republican Party found?

A

1854

86
Q

Who was the first Republican Party president to be elected?

A

Abraham Lincoln in 1861

87
Q

Who killed Abraham Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth in 1865

88
Q

When were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

A

In 1861 after South Carolina seceded from the union on Fort Sumter from Charleston

89
Q

Who was the president of the Confederacy?

A

Jefferson Davis

90
Q

What was the first major battle of the civil war?

A

The battle of Bull Run in 1861

91
Q

How did Andrew Jackson gain the nickname “Stonewall Jackson” in the first battle of Bull Run?

A

Because he stood his ground

92
Q

When was the battle of Antietam?

A

1862 - the bloodiest stand in American History

93
Q

What is the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863?

A

Lincoln freed the slaves in rebellious states and kept European powers from allying with the South

94
Q

What was the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863?

A

Another major tuning point in the war in Pennsylvania

95
Q

Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?

A

He served as a General who marched to the sea to break the will of the Confederate people

96
Q

When did Robert E Lee surrender to the Union General?

A

1865

97
Q

Where did Robert E lee surrender?

A

The Appomattox Courthouse

98
Q

What was the years of the Civil War?

A

1865-1867

99
Q

What is the time period after the Civil War called?

A

Reconstruction

100
Q

Who was the first president to be impeached and when?

A

Andrew Johnson - 1868

101
Q

Who was the other president during reconstruction?

A

Ulysses S Grant

102
Q

When was Ulysses S Grant elected President?

A

1872

103
Q

What did the 13th amendment address in 1865?

A

Abolishing slavery

104
Q

14th amendment in 1868?

A

Adjust citizen issues important to that period and established equal protection to all citizens under the law

105
Q

15th amendment in 1870?

A

Extended the right to vote to black men

US History 2 (16 decks)

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