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US History 2 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Potsdam Conference?

A

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam

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2
Q

When was the Postdam conference held?

A

July 1945

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3
Q

What was the result of the Potsdam Conference?

A

They were unable to agree about the future of Europe and it led to the Cold War

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4
Q

McCarthysim

A

A senationalist campaign by Senator Joseph McCarthy against supposed communists in government that began in 1950 and ended when the Senate censured him in 1954

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5
Q

Taft - Hartley Act

A

This 1947 anti - union legislation outlawed the closed shop and secondary boycotts. It also authorized the president to seek injunctions to prevent strikes that threatened national security

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6
Q

NSC-68

A

National Security Council planning paper No. 68 redefined America’s national defense policy.

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7
Q

What did the NSC-68 do?

A

It committed the US to a massive military buildup to meet the challenge posed by the Soviet Union

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8
Q

National Security Act

A

Congress passed the National Security Act in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after World War 2

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9
Q

What did the National Security Act establish?

A

The Department of Defense and created the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council

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10
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

In 1948, in response to a Soviet land blockade of Berlin, the US carried out massive effort to supply the 2 million Berlin citizens by air

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11
Q

North Atlantic Treat Organization

A

In 1949, the US, Canada, and then European nations formed this military mutual defense pact

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12
Q

Marshall Plan

A

In 1947, a massive aid program to rebuild the war-torn economies of Western Europe

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13
Q

What was the Marshall Plan motivated by?

A

Both humanitarian concerns and fear of communism

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14
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

In 1947, President Truman asked Congress for money to aid the Greek and Turkish governments that were then threatened by communist rebels

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15
Q

Containment

A

The basic strategy of the US throughout the Cold War

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16
Q

Who proposed containment?

A

George Kenman

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17
Q

Baruch Plan

A

Bernard Baruch presented a plan to control and eventually outlaw nuclear weapons

18
Q

Describe events in Europe after its division between the free world and communist camps

A

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19
Q

Explain how the Soviets rebuilt their economy after World War 2?

A

Loans and lend-lease

20
Q

Name the supporters of the containment policy

A

George C. Marshall, Dean Acheson and George Kennan

21
Q

What were the results of Russia’s land blockade in West Berlin?

A

It marked the end of the initial phase of the Cold War, it cut Europe in two, the rivalry that began in Europe would spread into a worldwide contest among super powers

22
Q

What were the key elements of the US defense policy from 1945 to 1960?

A

The National Security Act, the air force, the nuclear bomb, and the hydrogen bomb

23
Q

What happened to China in 1949?

A

The Chinese Revolution

24
Q

Who were the key players in the Chinese Revolution?

A

Chiang Kai-shek and Mao

25
Q

What were the results of China’s fall to the communists?

A

A Japanese - American security pact led to the end of American occupation by 1952

26
Q

Where did the showdown between Russia and the US happen?

A

Korea

27
Q

Who did the Russians occupy the North Korea under?

A

Kim Il Sung

28
Q

What was Truman’s political weakness?

A

He failed to pursue a coherent legislative program on his own

29
Q

Who were the candidates of the 1948 election?

A

Harry S. Truman, Thomas E. Dewey, and J. Strom Thrumond

30
Q

Who won the 1948 election?

A

Truman

31
Q

Why was Truman’s election a surprise?

A

No one liked his plans

32
Q

What were the events that encouraged the rise of McCarthyism?

A

He randomly called people a communist and it scared everybody

33
Q

What were the events that caused the downfall of McCarthyism?

A

McCarthy v Army

34
Q

What happened with the French and Ho Chi Minh in Indochina during the Eisenhower administration?

A

Ho Chi Minh wanted Vietnam to be independent but Eisenhower and the French stopped that

35
Q

Formosa Resolution

A

Eissenhower promised to protect the territories in the west pacific under the jurisdiction of the republic of china”

36
Q

How did the Cold War begin?

A

The United States and the Soviet Union discovered that their interests in Europe conflicted

37
Q

What was containment?

A

It was the American policy of preventing Soviet power and influence from expanding

38
Q

Why was containment adopted?

A

To preserve American interests without excessively risking war

39
Q

How did the Cold War expand to Europe?

A

The US and the Soviet Union took opposite sides in the Chinese civil war

40
Q

How did the Cold War affect life in America?

A

It spawned fears of Communist subversion and it led to a campaign to ensure loyalty and fostered McCarthyism

41
Q

How successful was Eisenhower at dealing with the foreign policy issues facing the US?

A

He was experienced

US History 2 (16 decks)

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