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Y2 DERMATOLOGY > Urticaria > Flashcards

Urticaria Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name the term that means “increased thickness of keratin layer”

A

Hyperkeratosis

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2
Q

Name the term that means “increased turnover of keratinocytes/persistence of keratin nuclei”

A

Parakeratosis

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3
Q

Name the term that means “increased thickness of epithelium”

A

Acanthosis

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4
Q

Define “papillomatosis” and name a condition it is present in

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

Acanthosis nigricans

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5
Q

Define “spongiosis”

A

Oedema between keratinocytes

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6
Q

In psoriasis, what is the basic pathology that is occuring?

A

Parakeratosis in the corneal layer

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7
Q

What is meant by the Koebner phenomenon?

A

Trauma to a site of the body can stimulate skin lesions in that particular area

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8
Q

Neutrophils are present in the corneal layer in psoriasis. True/False?

A

True

Unusual but true

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9
Q

What is Auspitz sign in psoriasis?

A

Bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off

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10
Q

Where does acne vulgaris tend to affect?

A

Sites of high sebaceous gland concn

face, neck, upper back, chest

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11
Q

How does sebum, produced by sebaceous glands, lead to acne?

A

Sebum builds up in the hair follicle, increasing pressure to cause rupture

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12
Q

What are comedones?

A

Keratin and sebum build up in hair follicles, producing whiteheads and blackheads

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13
Q

Rosacea is commoner in males. True/False?

A

False

Commoner in females (typically middle age)

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14
Q

What are the facial features of rosacea?

A

Flushing
Visible blood vessels
Pustules
Thickened skin (rhinophyma)

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15
Q

List some triggers of rosacea

A

Alcohol
Sunlight
Spicy food
Stress

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16
Q

Which mites are often present in rosacea?

A

Demodex mites

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17
Q

Name 3 examples of immunobullous diseases

A

Pemphigus
Bullous pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis

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18
Q

What is the most common subtype of pemphigus?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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19
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune condition. What happens?

A

IgG antibodies made in response to desmoglein 3 - this is the glue that maintains desmosomal attachments

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20
Q

In bullous pemphigoid, where does the blistering develop?

A

Underneath the epidermis

Split is Deeper through the DEJ

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21
Q

Acantholysis (loss of desmosomal attachments in epidermis) occurs in bullous pemphigoid. True/False?

A

False

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22
Q

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune condition. What happens?

A

IgG produces antibodies against hemidesmosomes

Causes epidermis to separate from basement membrane (at the DEJ)

23
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis is linked to which GI disease?

A

Coeliac disease

24
Q

How is dermatitis herpetiformis produced in coeliac patients?

A

IgA against wheat cross-reacts against connective tissue matrix proteins

25
Q

What is the commonest form of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris)

26
Q

Psoriasis usually affects flexor surfaces. True/False?

A

False, affect extensor surfaces

27
Q

List treatment for psoriasis

A 
Vitamin D analogue
Coal tar
Dithranol
Steroid ointment
Emollients
Phototherapy
Immunosupression
Biological ointment
28
Q

Give examples of vitamin D analogues

A

Calcipotrol (Dovonex)

Calcitrol (Silkis)

29
Q

What is the basic function of retinoids in psoriasis?

A

Reduces skin turnover (reduces parakeratosis)

30
Q

Which organism can colonise the hair follicle duct, causing acnes?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

31
Q

Open comedones are called blackheads/whiteheads

Closed comedones are called blackheads/whiteheads

A

Open comedones are called blackheads, closed comedones are called whiteheads

32
Q

List topical treatment for acne

A

Benzoyl peroxide
Adapalene
Topical antibiotic (Duac)

33
Q

What does benzoyl peroxide do?

A

Keratolytic + antibacterial

34
Q

What type of drug is adapalene?

A

Topical retinoid (dries skin)

35
Q

Name an oral retinoid that can be used for systemic treatment of acne

A

Isotretinoin

36
Q

Comedones are present in rosacea. True/False?

A

False

37
Q

Outline treatment for rosacea

A 
Reduce triggers
Topical metronidazole
Low dose isotretinoin if severe
Vascular laser fro telangectasia
Rhinoplasty
38
Q

Bullous pemphigoid is a deep blister; pemphigus is a superficial blister. True/False?

A

True

BP goes through DEJ; pemphigus is intra-epidermal between keratinocytes (more fragile blisters)

39
Q

What is Nikolsky sign?

A

Top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when slightly rubbed; i.e., popped blister

40
Q

Which disease - bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris - is Nikolsky positive?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

41
Q

Outline treatment for pemphigus and pemphigoid

A

Steroids
Immunosuppressives
Tetracyline in pemphigus

42
Q

What are the most common causes of psoriasis?

A

Stress
Infection
Drugs - B blockers, lithium

43
Q

What are the characteristics of psoriasis?

A

Symmetrical
Sharply demarcated
Scaly, erythematous plaques

44
Q

What is guttate psoriases?

A

Widespread psoriasis, small dots, presents acutely

45
Q

What is erythrodermic psoriasis?

A

Top-toe red psoriasis, inflammation, presents as sheets

46
Q

What are the features of psoriatic nail disease?

A

Onchyolysis (lifting of plate from bed)
Nail pitting
Dystrophy
Subungal hyperkeratosis (thickening under nail)

47
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for acne

A

Wash face 2x a day
OTC scrubs (Clearasil)
Reduce sun exposure to skin

48
Q

What are the side effects of isotrentoin

A 
Nose bleeds
Dry lips
Hair loss
Depression
Teratogenic (MUST BE ON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE)
49
Q

What are the features of lichen planus and how is it treated?

A

Violaceous, flat topped shiny papules - commonly on limbs - fine lacy pattern
Intensely itchy

Topical or oral steroids

50
Q

What is the difference between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris?

A

PEMPHIGOID: Large tense bullae on normal skin or erythematous base; typically in elderly
PEMPHIGUS: Flaccid vesicles, thin-roofed, prone to rupture; typically younger people

51
Q

How are bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris investigated and what are the results?

A

Skin biopsy with immunofluorescence
PEMPHIGOID: straight lines
PEMPHIGUS: mesh-like appearance

52
Q

What are the features of dermatitis herpitiformes?

A

Itchy, symmetrical lesions found on the elbows, knees +/- buttocks

53
Q

How is dermatitis herpitiformes treated?

A

Dapsone cream

Coeliac management

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (12 decks)

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