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Y2 DERMATOLOGY > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the outermost layer of skin called?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Which type of epithelium makes up epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Which layer of skin is deep to epidermis?

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Which tissue type makes up dermis?

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

Which germ layer forms epidermis?

A

Ectoderm (forms periderm)

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7
Q

Which germ layer forms dermis?

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

In foetal skin development, which layers are formed after 16 weeks?

A

Keratin layer + granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal layer
Dermis

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9
Q

Which cell makes up 95% of epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

The basal layer of skin is highly metabolically active. True/False?

A

True

Lots of intermediate filaments

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11
Q

Name 3 other epidermal cells (other than keratinocytes)

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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12
Q

Where do melanocytes derive from?

A

Neuronal cell crest

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13
Q

What are melanocytes? Which layer of skin are they found?

A

Pigment-producing dendritic cells

Basal layer

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14
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin pigment and load colour onto adjacent keratinocytes

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15
Q

Eumelanin is brown/red

A

Brown

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16
Q

Phaeomelanin is brown/red

A

Red

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17
Q

Which disease results due to loss of melanocytes?
What disease is the genetic partial loss of pigment production?
What disease involves excess melanin due to pituitary?

A

Vitiligo
Albinism
Nelson’s syndrome

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18
Q

Where do Langerhans cells derive from?

A

Bone marrow

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19
Q

What are Langerhans cells? Which layer of skin are they found?

A

Antigen-presenting cells

Prickle cell layer

20
Q

What are Merkel cells? Where are they found?

A

Mechanoreceptors that aid sensation

Between keratinocytes + nerve fibres

21
Q

What are the 3 phases of growth of a hair follicle?

A

Anagen (growing)
Catagen (curve inwards)
Telogen (resting)

22
Q

What is the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ)?

A

The interface between the dermis and epidermis

23
Q

List 2 key roles of the DEJ

A

Support, anchoring, adhesion and growth of epidermal cells

Semi-permeable membrane acts as a filter/barrier

24
Q

Give an example of inherited skin fragility as a result of mutation to one of the proteins in the DEJ

A

Epidermolysis bullosa complex in young infants

25
Q

Give an example of acquired skin fragility

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Bullous pemphigoid

26
Q

What do fibroblasts in the dermis produce?

A

Procollagen (becomes collagen)

Elastin

27
Q

The blood vessel supply to skin is greater than its metabolic need. True/False?

A

True

28
Q

Which nerve receptors sense pressure in skin?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

29
Q

Which nerve receptors sense vibration in skin?

A

Meissners corpuscles

30
Q

What do free nerve endings provide sense for in skin?

A

Temperature

Pain

31
Q

Which inherited condition arises due to overgrowth of nerve endings?

A

Neurofibromatosis

32
Q

List the 3 main secretory glands in skin

A

Eccrine
Apocrine
Sebaceous

33
Q

Eccrine glands secrete ?Apocrine glands secrete ?Sebaceous glands secrete ?

A

Eccrine glands secrete sweat
Apocrine glands secrete odourous fluid
Sebaceous glands secrete moisturiser

34
Q

Which areas of the body have a high concn of sebaceous glands?

A

Head, neck and chest (areas common in acne)

35
Q

What is the significance of the melanin cap on basal cells?

A

Absorbs UV rays to protect DNA in the cells’ nuclei

36
Q

Which vitamin does skin metabolise?

A

Vitamin D

37
Q

Which cells help protect skin from UV rays?

A

Melanocytes

38
Q

Ratio of melanocytes : basal cells = ?

A

1:10

39
Q

Where is the papillary dermis found?

A

Uppermost layer of the dermis

40
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom

A 
Keratin (Kez)
Granular (Grafts)
Prickle cell (People)
Basal (Buying)
Dermis (Drinks)
41
Q

What are Blashkos lines?

A

Developmental growth patter of the skin

Used to show congenital defects

42
Q

What is alopecia areata? What is the classical sign?

A

Autoimmune hair loss

Exclamation mark patches

43
Q

Which areas of the body have a high concn of apocrine glands?

A

Axilla

Perineum

44
Q

Which areas of the body have a high concn of eccrine glands?

A

Palms
Soles
Axilla

45
Q

Which sweat glands are involved in thermoregulation?

A

Eccrine sweat glands

46
Q

What is the main component of the PCL?

A

Desmesomes

47
Q

What is the main component of the granular layer?

A

Keratohyalin granules

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (12 decks)

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