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Y2 DERMATOLOGY > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name 3 important structural proteins found in the keratin layer and epidermis of skin

A

Filaggrin
Involucrin
Keratin

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2
Q

What is the alternative name for the keratin layer of skin?

A

Stratum corneum

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3
Q

Keratinocytes produce antimicrobial peptides (AMP) that can directly kill pathogens. True/False?

A

True

Act like antibiotics (non-cell-mediated immunity)

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4
Q

Can keratinocytes produce cytokines and chemokines?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Where are Langerhans cells located in the epidermis?

A

Prickle cell layer

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6
Q

Langerhans cells are the main skin immune cell. True/False?

A

True

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7
Q

How do Langerhans cells aid the immune response?

A

Produce liquid antigen/microbial fragments and present them to T-cells

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8
Q

What characterises Langerhans cells?

A

Birbeck granule (tennis racket shape)

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9
Q

Healthy skin contains a large number of T-cells. The epidermis mainly contains CD4 T-cells. True/False?

A

False

Epidermis mainly contains CD8 cells

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10
Q

CD4 Th_ cells are associated with psoriasis
CD4 Th_ cells are associated with atopic dermatitis
CD4 Th_ cells are associated with psoriasis + atopic dermatitis

A

CD4 Th1 cells are associated with psoriasis
CD4 Th2 cells are associated with atopic dermatitis
CD4 Th17 cells are associated with psoriasis + atopic dermatitis

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11
Q

What is the function of TH1 cells?

A

Activate macrophages to destroy microorganisms

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12
Q

What is the function of TH2 cells?

A

Help B cells to make antibodies

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13
Q

What is the function of dermal dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting

Cyto/chemo -kine secretion

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14
Q

What is the function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells?

A

Produce IFN-alpha

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15
Q

MHC I present exogenous antigen to CD8 cells. True/False?

A

False

They present endogenous antigen to CD8 cells

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16
Q

MHC II present exogenous antigen to CD4 cells. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

Psoraisis is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. True/False?

A

True

18
Q

Psoraisis lesions can be restored to normal state following effective therapy, even though there is chronic inflammation. True/False?

A

True

19
Q

It is common for psoraisis plaques to become squamous cell carcinoma. True/False?

A

False

20
Q

In psoraisis, the keratinocytes are stressed. Activated T-cells produce cytokines and IL-17A. What is the significance/function of IL-17A?

A

Stimulates keratinocyte proliferation, AMP release and neutrophilic killing
Basically acts as a synapsis between skin and immune system

21
Q

People with atopic eczema always have dry skin. True/False?

A

True

22
Q

How does a broken down skin barrier cause eczema?

A

Exposed skin is sensitised to allergen and promotes colonisation by microorganisms

23
Q

Allergic type 1 hypersentivity reactions typically occurs within minutes up to hours. What are the principle skin reactions that occur?

A

Urticaria

Angioedema

24
Q

List step-up therapy for allergic reactions

A

Antihistamine
Prednisolone
Adrenaline

25
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type IV

26
Q

What is the time period for type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A

24-48hrs

27
Q

What investigations are used in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Specific IgE (RAST)
Skin prick
Challenge test
Serum MC tryptase

28
Q

What investigations are used in type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Patch testing

29
Q

What management is used in type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Allergen avoidance
Emollients, topical CCS, immunosuppressants
UV phototherapy

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (12 decks)

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