Dermatitis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by hyperkeratosis?

A

Increased thickness of the keratin layer

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2
Q

What is meant by parakeratosis?

A

Epidermal cell turnover occurs more frequently

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3
Q

What is meant by acanthosis?

A

Increased thickness of epidermis

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4
Q

What is meant by papillomatosis?

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

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5
Q

What is meant by spongiosis?

A

Oedema between keratinocytes

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6
Q

Dermatitis is synonymous with eczema. True/False?

A

True

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7
Q

List some features of the acute phase of dermatitis

A

Red, erythematous lesions
Oedema
Ooze, scaling, crusting

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8
Q

List some features of the chronic phase of dermatitis

A

Thickening (lichenification)
Elevated plaques
Scaling

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9
Q

What symptom is always experienced with eczema?

A

Itch

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10
Q

Name the 7 classifications of dermatitis

A
Contact allergic
Contact irritant
Atopic
Drug-induced
Photosensitive
Lichen simplex
Stasis dermatitis
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11
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis behind contact allergic dermatitis?

A

Type 4 (delayed) hypersensitivity

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12
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis behind lichen simplex dermatitis?

A

Physical trauma to skin, e.g. persistent scratching

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13
Q

List some common causes of contact allergic dermatitis

A

Nickel
Latex
Topical therapies
Plants

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14
Q

What causes “weeping” in eczema?

A

Oedema between keratocytes (spongiosis) spills out onto skin surface

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15
Q

What investigation can be used to identify substances causing contact allergic dermatitis?

A

Patch testing

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16
Q

What is involved in patch testing?

A

Wells containing allergen applied to skin on back and left for 48-96hrs

17
Q

Which dermatitis - contact allergic or irritant - is a non-specific reaction?

A

Contact irritant dermatitis

18
Q

List examples of things that cause contact irritant dermatitis

A

Soap
Detergent
Oil
Nappy rash

19
Q

Contact allergic and irritant dermatitis are easy to distinguish. True/False?

A

False

Often need to patch test

20
Q

List some symptoms and signs of atopic eczema/ dermatitis

A
Pruritis
Scaling
Poorly defined erythema
Dry skin
Flexural distribution
21
Q

Atopic dermatitis is associated with other atopic diseases. True/False?
Give some examples

A

True

Asthma, food allergy, allergic rhinitis

22
Q

Secondary infection of atopic eczema is common and occurs due to which organism?

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

Which virus causes eczema herpeticum?

A

Herpes simplex virus

24
Q

What does eczema herpeticum look like? (buzzword!)

A

Monomorphic, punched-out lesions

25
Q

What is the UK diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema?

A
Itch + at least 3 of:
Flexural rash
History of atopy
Dry skin
Onset before the age of 2
26
Q

List step up therapy for eczema

A

Emollients + topical steroid;
if infection add antibiotics/antiviral;
phototherapy;
immunosuppressants if systemic upset

27
Q

What is another name for photosensitive dermatitis? What is a classical sign?

A

Chronic actinic dermatitis

Cut-off at collar

28
Q

What name describes the sudden onset of acute eczema?

A

Pompholyx eczema