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GP Block > URTI > Flashcards

URTI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of tonsilitis?

A
  • Viral - adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, respiratory syncitial virus
  • Bacterial - Group A Beta Haemolytic Streptococcus
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2
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of tonsilitis

A
  • Microbial infection of the tonsils caused by invasion of the mucosal membrane by microorganisms
  • Subtype of pharyngitis
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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tonsilitis?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Painful swallowing
  • Painful/stiff neck
  • swollen tonsils
  • Purulent tonsils
  • Fever
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Scratchy, muffled or throaty voice
  • Halitosis
  • Stomach ache in children
  • Headache
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4
Q

How should tonsilitis be investigated?

A
  • Throat exam
  • Throat swabs
  • FeverPain Score
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5
Q

How is tonsilitis best managed?

A
  • Rest
  • Hydration
  • Saltwater gargle
  • Lozenges
  • Avoid irritants
  • Ibuprofen/paracetamol
  • If its bacterial:
    • Phenyoxymethylpenicilin for 7 or 10 days
  • Surgery
    • Tonsillectomy
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6
Q

Outline the possible complications of tonsillitis

A
  • Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy)
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Obstructive sleep apnoea
  • Tonsillar cellulitis
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7
Q

Outline the aetiology of pharyngitis

A
  • Viral
    • Adenovirus
    • Influenza
    • EBV
  • Bacterial
    • Group A haemolytic strep (Strep pyogenes)
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8
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the pharnyx due to infection

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pharyngitis?

A
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
  • Runny nose
  • Headache
  • Hoarse voice
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10
Q

How should pharyngitis be investigated?

A
  • Throat exam
  • Throat swabs
  • Fever pain score
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11
Q

How should pharyngitis be managed?

A
  • Supportive management
  • Abx = amoxicilin
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12
Q

What are the complications of pharyngitis?

A
  • Sinusitis
  • Acute otitis media
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13
Q

What are the causes of laryngitis?

A
  • Acute:
    • Viral
      • Rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus
    • Bacterial
      • Group A strep
    • Fungal
      • Histoplasma
      • Candida
    • Trauma
      • Excessive shouting
  • Chronic
    • Smoking
    • TB
    • Allergies
    • Acid reflux
    • RA
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Polyps
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14
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of laryngitis

A
  • Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the larnyx caused by infection
  • Acute
    • less than 3 weeks
  • Chronic
    • more than 3 weeks
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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of laryngitis?

A
  • Hoarse voice
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Pain
  • Dysphagia
  • Sensation of swelling int he larynx
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • SOB - predominantly in children
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16
Q

How should laryngitis be investigated?

A
  • Throat exam
  • Throat swab
  • FeverPAIN score
  • Laryngoscopy
    • If stridor, radiation therapy, dysphagia, smoking history
17
Q

When should laryngitis be investigated with a laryngoscopy?

A
  • Smoking history
  • Radiation therpay
  • Stridor
  • Dysphagia
18
Q

Outline the best management for laryngitis

A
  • Manage reflux
    • PPI
    • Antacds
    • H” blockers
  • Antihistamines
  • Oral antifungal
  • Abx = if bacterial and chronic
  • Autoimmune
    • Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone
19
Q

Outline the causes of the common cold

A
  • Viral - rhinovirus
20
Q

What is the pathophysiology of the common cold?

A
  • Viral infection of the URT
  • Transmitted via airborne droplets
21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of the common cold?

A
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal congestion
  • Sore throat
  • Muscle ache
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
22
Q

What are the investigations of the common cold?

A
  • FeverPAIN score
  • Clinical diagnosis
23
Q

How is the common cold managed?

A
  • Ibuprofen
  • Rest
  • Hydration
  • Salt water gargle
24
Q

What are the complications of the the common cold?

A
  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis

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