Depression Flashcards
1
Q
What can cause depression?
A
- Stress
- Bereavement
- Divorce
- Illness
- Redundancy
- Financial concerns
- Postnatal
- Physical disorders
- Thyroid dyfunction
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Heart and lung disease
- Kidney disease
- Liver disease
2
Q
Outline the pathophysiology of depression
A
- Not clearly defined
- Disturbance in CNS serotonin (5-HT) activity and noradrenaline
3
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of depression?
A
- Continual for >2 weeks
- Anhedonia
- Decreased concentration
- Low mood
- Lack of appetite
- Decreased sleep
- Decreased libido
- Weight loss
- Suicidal thoughts
- Self-harm
- Worthlessness/hopelessness
- Psychomotor retardation
4
Q
How should depression be investigated?
A
- Patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)
- 9 item depression scale
- Beck depression Inventory (BDI) for primary care
- 7 question scale
- Zung self rating depression scale
- Centre for epidemiology studies - depression scale (CES-D)
- 20 items
5
Q
How is depression best managed?
A
- Conservative
- Sick note
- Counselling, CBT
- Famiy and friend support
- Hobbies/enjoyments
- Medication
- SSRI - Sertraline, Citalopram
- SNRI - Duloxetine
- Mirtazepine
- TCAs - amitryptiline
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
6
Q
What are the complications of depression?
A
- Suicide
- Self-harm
- Risky behaviour - drug/alcohol abuse
7
Q
What is the role fo serotonin in the brain and where is it produced?
A
- Produced in the brain stem - raphe nuclei
- Sleep
- Impulse control
- Appetite
- Mood