Eye Infections Flashcards
1
Q
What are the causes of Meibomian cyst?
A
Staph aureus
2
Q
Outline the pathophysiology of a meibomian cyst?
A
- Chronic inflammation/blockage of the meibomian gland which is within the tarsal plate
- The gland secretes a lipid-rich substance that helps prevent the evaporation of the tear film
3
Q
How should a meibomian cyst be investigated?
A
- Examine lids and conjunctiva with a white light
- Clinical diagnosis
4
Q
List the signs and symptoms of a meibomian cyst
A
- Eyelid swelling or lump
- Eyelid tenderness
- If inflamed the eye can be red, watering and sore
- Heaviness of the eyelid
5
Q
How should meibomian cyst be managed?
A
- Warm compress to aid drainage
- Gentle massage
- Chloramphenicol ointment TDS 1-2 weeks
- Surgical incision
6
Q
What are the complications of a meibomian cyst?
A
- Haemorrhage
- Canalicular trauma
- Globe perforation
7
Q
What causes a stye?
A
- Staph Aureus
- Staph epidermidis
8
Q
What is a stye?
A
- Blocked eyelash follicles
9
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of a stye?
A
- Tender to palpation
- Localised swelling
- Crusting of eyelid margins
- Burning
- Droopiness of eyelid
10
Q
How should a stye be investigated?
A
- Eye exam
- Clinical diagnosis
11
Q
How is a stye best managed?
A
- Warm compress
- Analgesia
- Drain with sterile needle
12
Q
What are the complications of a stye?
A
- Meibomian cyst
- Preseptal cellulitis
13
Q
What causes conjuctiviti?
A
- Bacterial infection
- Staph aureus
- Strep pneumonia
- H influenza
- Viral - adenovirus
- Allergens
- Chemicals
- Dirty contact lenses
- Foreign bodies
- Air pollution
- Fungi
14
Q
Describe the pathophysiology of conjuctivitis
A
- Disruption of the epithelial layer covering the conjuctiva which can lead to infection
15
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of conjuctivitis?
A
- Redness of the sclera
- Swollen conjuctiva
- Increased volume of tears
- Thick yellow/green/white discharge from the eye
- Itching
- Burning
- Blurred vision
16
Q
How should conjunctivitis be investigated?
A
- Eye exam
- Swab C+S
- Rapid adenovirus immunoassay
- PCR
- Ocular pH
17
Q
How is conjuctivitis best managed?
A
- Self-limiting
- Antibiotics - chloramphenicol
18
Q
What are the possible complications of conjuctivitis?
A
- Meningitis
- Cellulitis
- Sepsis
- Otitis media
