Eye Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of Meibomian cyst?

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of a meibomian cyst?

A
  • Chronic inflammation/blockage of the meibomian gland which is within the tarsal plate
  • The gland secretes a lipid-rich substance that helps prevent the evaporation of the tear film
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3
Q

How should a meibomian cyst be investigated?

A
  • Examine lids and conjunctiva with a white light
  • Clinical diagnosis
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4
Q

List the signs and symptoms of a meibomian cyst

A
  • Eyelid swelling or lump
  • Eyelid tenderness
  • If inflamed the eye can be red, watering and sore
  • Heaviness of the eyelid
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5
Q

How should meibomian cyst be managed?

A
  • Warm compress to aid drainage
  • Gentle massage
  • Chloramphenicol ointment TDS 1-2 weeks
  • Surgical incision
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6
Q

What are the complications of a meibomian cyst?

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Canalicular trauma
  • Globe perforation
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7
Q

What causes a stye?

A
  • Staph Aureus
  • Staph epidermidis
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8
Q

What is a stye?

A
  • Blocked eyelash follicles
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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a stye?

A
  • Tender to palpation
  • Localised swelling
  • Crusting of eyelid margins
  • Burning
  • Droopiness of eyelid
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10
Q

How should a stye be investigated?

A
  • Eye exam
  • Clinical diagnosis
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11
Q

How is a stye best managed?

A
  • Warm compress
  • Analgesia
  • Drain with sterile needle
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12
Q

What are the complications of a stye?

A
  • Meibomian cyst
  • Preseptal cellulitis
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13
Q

What causes conjuctiviti?

A
  • Bacterial infection
    • Staph aureus
    • Strep pneumonia
    • H influenza
  • Viral - adenovirus
  • Allergens
  • Chemicals
  • Dirty contact lenses
  • Foreign bodies
  • Air pollution
  • Fungi
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14
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of conjuctivitis

A
  • Disruption of the epithelial layer covering the conjuctiva which can lead to infection
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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of conjuctivitis?

A
  • Redness of the sclera
  • Swollen conjuctiva
  • Increased volume of tears
  • Thick yellow/green/white discharge from the eye
  • Itching
  • Burning
  • Blurred vision
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16
Q

How should conjunctivitis be investigated?

A
  • Eye exam
  • Swab C+S
  • Rapid adenovirus immunoassay
  • PCR
  • Ocular pH
17
Q

How is conjuctivitis best managed?

A
  • Self-limiting
  • Antibiotics - chloramphenicol
18
Q

What are the possible complications of conjuctivitis?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Cellulitis
  • Sepsis
  • Otitis media