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GP Block > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of cellultis?

A
  • Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues or fat
  • Typically lasts 7-10 days
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2
Q

What are the causative organisms of cellulitis?

A
  • The most common infective organisms in adults are Group A streptococci
    • Strep. pyogenes
    • Staph. aureus
  • Less common organisms include
    • Strep. pneumoniae
    • Haemophilus influenzae
    • Gram-negative bacilli
    • Anaerobes
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3
Q

What predisposes someone to cellulits?

A
  • Insect/spider bite
  • Blistering
  • Animal bite
  • Tattoos
  • Pruritic skin rash
  • Surgery
  • Athletes foot
  • Eczema
  • IV drugs
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4
Q

What are the signs and symptom of cellulitis

A
  • Erythema that increases in size
  • Irregular borders
  • Hot to touch
  • Swollen skin
  • Pain
  • General fever
  • Tiredness
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5
Q

How should cellulitis be investigated?

A
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Wound swab - C+S
  • Ultrasound to rule out DVT
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6
Q

How should cellulitis be managed?

A
  • Abx
    • Cephalexin
    • Amoxicilin
    • Erythromycin
  • Surgical drainage of abscess
  • Sepsis 6
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7
Q

What are the possible complications of cellulitis?

A
  • Sepsis
  • Abscess
  • Fascitis
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8
Q

What is impetigo?

A
  • Impetigo is a common superficial bacterial infection of the skin that can cause sores and blisters.
  • The condition is caused by bacteria entering the skin, usually through a cut or a break in the skin, like after an insect bite.
  • Impetigo is extremely contagious, and is most common in young people, though anyone can develop the condition.
  • The two main clinical forms are non-bullous impetigo and bullous impetigo
  • Bullae are fluid filled lesions which are usually more than 5mm in diameter.
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9
Q

What are the causes of impetigo?

A
  • Non-bullous impetigo is caused by:
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Or a combination of both and accounts for the majority of cases (about 70%).
  • Bullous impetigo is caused by:
    • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Impetigo caused by Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming increasingly common.
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10
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of impetigo

A
  • Involves superficial layers of the skin
  • Spreads directly skin to skin contact
  • Duration <3 weeks
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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?

A
  • Often begins as a red sore near the nose or mouth
  • Painful itchy yellowish crusts
  • Lymphadenopathy
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12
Q

How is impetigo investigated?

A

Clinical diagnosis

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13
Q

How should impetigo be managed?

A
  • Antibiotics
    • Cephalexin
  • Topical Antibiotics
    • Mupirocin
    • Fusidic acid
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14
Q

What are the possible complications of impetigo?

A
  • Cellulitis
  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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15
Q

What cases folliculitis?

A
  • Bacterial - staph aureus (head)
  • Fungal - tinea barbae (chest)
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16
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of folliculitis

A
  • Chronic infection of hair follicles, can also be damaged
17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of folliculitis?

A
  • Small red bumps
  • White headed pimples
  • Itchiness
18
Q

How shuld folliculitis be managed?

A
  • Topical antiseptic (tea tree oil)
  • Topical antibiotic
  • Fungal - fluconazole
19
Q

What are the complications of folliculitis?

A
  • Abscess (furuncle or carbuncle)
20
Q

What are erysipelas?

A
  • Erysipelas is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.
  • It is an infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics,
  • Erysipelas is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated.
21
Q

What are the causes of erysipelas?

A
  • Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus bacteria on scratches or otherwise infected areas.
    • Strep pyogenes
22
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of erysipelas

A
  • Involves an infection of the upper dermis and the sympathetic lymphatic tissue
  • The rash is due to endotoxins from the microorganism
  • The bacteria can enter through broken skn and nasal passages
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of erysipelas?

A
  • Erythema
  • Well defined raised borders
  • Warm
  • Pain
  • Fever
  • Shaking
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches
  • N+V
  • Lymphadenopathy
24
Q

How should erysipelas be managed?

A
  • Antibiotics oral and IV
    • Penicilin
    • Erythromycin
25
Q

What are the complications of erysipelas?

A
  • Abscess
  • Gangrene
  • Thrombophlebitis

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