URT Disease

Question 1

What is rhinitis?

Answer 1

acute or chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa

Question 2

What are the classes of rhinitis?

Answer 2

season rhinitis & perennial rhinitis

Question 3

What types of perennial rhinitis are there?

Answer 3

allergic, non-allergic, non-allergic with eosinophilia, nasal polyps

Question 4

What are the symptoms of rhinitis..

Answer 4

rhinorrhoea, sneezing, perennial, episodic

Question 5

what are the causes of rhinitis..

Answer 5

allergic (dust mites, animals), non-allergic, mixed (occupational)

Question 6

what is the pathology of rhinitis..

Answer 6

inc mucosal flow and inc vessel permeability = inc volume of nasal mucosa

Question 7

What is the management for rhinitis…

Answer 7

glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatories), sodium cromoglicate antihistamine), cysLT1 receptor antagonist (mediator receptor blockade)

Question 8

What does rhinitis occur in?

Answer 8

Acute coryza, sinusitis, metapneumovirus

Question 9

What is acute coryza?

Answer 9

viral infection of nasal passages

Question 10

What causes acute coryza?

Answer 10

coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus

Question 11

How is acute coryza transmitted?

Answer 11

through droplets/ direct contact

Question 12

What are the symptoms of coryza?

Answer 12

tiredness, malaise, sore nose & pharynx, sneezing, watery mucus

Question 13

What causes sinusitis?

Answer 13

preceded by common cold

Question 14

what are symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 14

headache, toothache, behind eye

Question 15

How is metapneumovirus tested?

Answer 15

PCR

Question 16

when is influenza most prevalent?

Answer 16

winter

Question 17

why is influenza so dangerous?

Answer 17

undergoes rapid variation- future threat inc avian flu

Question 18

How is influenza transmitted?

Answer 18

droplets / direct contact

Question 19

What are the types of influenza?

Answer 19

inf A, inf B

Question 20

What are the symptoms of influenza?

Answer 20

malaise, fever, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, dry cough, diarrhoea

Question 21

Causes of influenza..

Answer 21

organisms: parainfluenza, haemophilus influenzae

overcrowding, closed areas etc

Question 22

Ix for influenza…

Answer 22

nasopharyngeal swab (PCR)

Question 23

Tx for influenza…

Answer 23

bed rest, fluids, paracetamol, antivirals

prevention= vaccine

Question 24

what are complications of influenza?

Answer 24

1y influenza pneumonia, 2y bacterial pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media

Question 25

What are other URT diseases other than influenza and rhinitis?

Answer 25

strep throat/ tonsillitis/ Quincy
pharyngitis
epiglottitis (swollen epiglottis- EMERGENCY)
acute laryngotracheobronchitis
diphtheria (infection when organisms produce toxin)
foreign bodies