Miscellaneous Diseases Flashcards
Who does sarcoidosis usually affect?
young females
What is sarcoidosis?
multi system granulomatous disorder caused by hypersensitivity reactions
What is the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis?
accumulations of epithelioid cells, macrophages & lymphocytes- scarring occurs
True/False:
Aetiology of sarcoidosis is infection
False:
aetiology is unknown
Presenting symptoms by system of sarcoidosis…
Eye: Uveitis Skin: Erythema Nodosum Lymphadenopathy Systemic: wt loss, fever, malaise Pulmonary Involvement: pulmonary infiltrates, cough, wheeze, dyspnoea, chest discomfort
Ix of sarcoidosis…
CXR, HRCT scan, tissue biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchoscopy, US guided biopsy of hilar LN
What are the radiological stages of Sarcoidosis…
- bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL)
- pulmonary infiltrates w BHL
- pulmonary infiltrates w/o BHL
- fibrosis
Tx for sarcoidosis
Methotrexate/ prednisolone
what is sarcoid’s prognosis like?
good- only 1-5% result in death
what is Lofgren’s Syndrome?
erythema nodosum, polarthralgia, BHL
What is obstructive sleep apnoea’s (OSA) epi?
middle aged men
what is OSA?
intermittent collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep
what is the pathophysiology of OSA?
airway is sucked closed during inspiration as respiratory muscles are relaxed during sleep
What are the degrees of openings in OSA..
small opening= snoring
narrow= hypopneas
complete occlusion= apnoea
What are triggers of OSA?
enrichment of pharynx (obesity, acromegaly), nasal obstruction (adenoids), respiratory depressant drugs (alcohol)
