Urothelial cell cancer (bladder cancer)

Question 1

Which parts can urothelial cell cancer affect?

Answer 1

The collecting system of the kidney, real pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Question 2

Where is the most common site of urothelial cell carcinoma?

Answer 2

the bladder. After this it is the renal pelvis.

Question 3

How much cancer is transitional cell carcinoma and how much is squares cell carcinoma?

Answer 3

TCC - 90%

SCC - 10%

Question 4

what are the risk factors of transitional cell carcinomas?

Answer 4

SMOKING, increasing age, dye, rubber.

Question 5

what are the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 5

Schistomiasis.

Question 6

what is non-invasive tumour?

Answer 6

NOT invading the bladder muscle.

Question 7

what is the most common presentation?

Answer 7

PAINLESS Haematuria (frank or microscopic)

Question 8

what is carcinoma in situ?

Answer 8

This is a non-invasive cancer but its very aggressive

Question 9

what is the best test?

Answer 9

A bladder cystoscopy with biopsy (flexible or rigid).

Question 10

Treatment of non-invasive cancer?

Answer 10

transurethral blader resection + chemotherapy after.

Question 11

Treatment of invasive cancer?

Answer 11

These tumours should be shrunk before removal.
Radical cystectomy (removal of entire bladder).
BCG vaccine - this causes the immune system to attack the tumour.