Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

This is an increased NUMBER of prostate cells (not size), it is non-cancerous.

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2
Q

What is the average size of the male prostate?

A

22cc, it increases in size with age.

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3
Q

what is 5-alpha reductase?

A

5 alpha-reductase is an enzyme in the prostate which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. 5 alpha-reductase increases with age - dihydrotestosterone causes the prostate cells to love for longer and multiply quicker.

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4
Q

What are LUTS?

A

Lower urinary tract symptoms - common in BPH where theres bladder outflow obstruction:
storage: frequency, nocturia, urge, urge incontinence.
Voiding: hesitancy, poor stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying.

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5
Q

What is BOO?

A

Bladder outflow obstruction

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6
Q

what are causes of BOO?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia/enlargement, phimosis, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, bladder neck stricture.

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7
Q

where is the most common area of prostate enlargement?

A

in the transitional zone.

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8
Q

what is the investigations in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

digital rectal examination.

Prostate-specific antigen (is increased in both benign prostatic hyperplasia AND prostate cancer).

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9
Q

what is the treatment of BPH?

A

finasteride (5 alpha-reductase inhibitor). tamsulosin - alpha blocker, TURP (transurethral resection of prostate).

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10
Q

when is TURP or open prostate resection indicated?

A

<100cc - TURP, >100cc - open surgery.

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11
Q

What is acute urinary retention?

A

PAINFUL, percussible and palpable bladder with the inability to urinate.

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12
Q

What is the treatment for acute urinary retention?

A

Catheterisation and starting an alpha blocker (tamsulosin)

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13
Q

What is chronic urinary retention?

A

Painless, palpable and percussible bladder after voiding.

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14
Q

what are complications of chronic urinary retention?

A

Renal failure, overflow incontinence.

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15
Q

what is the treatment of chronic urinary retention?

A

catheterisation, TURP, clean intermittent self-catheterisation.

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16
Q

How long should catheters be kept in for?

A

short term - changed every 4 weeks

long term - changed every 3 months

17
Q

What is tamsulosin used for?

A

Alpha blocker - is used to relax smooth muscle and improve LUTS symptoms.