Urology phys Flashcards
what cells produce testosterone
leydig cells
begins in 8th week and peaks at 12-14 and then declines until puberty
when should testes descend
descend into scrotum right before birth
tell me about the testes descent
AMH is produced (7-12 weeks) which descend the testes into the inguinal area. Then testosterone is prod (7-9 months) and descends them into the scrotum (tunica vaginalis). The descent is through the inguinal canal. If that canal doesn’t close after descent then the male is at risk of hernias
muscles of scrotum
dartos muscle- wrinkles
cremaster muscle- elevates
what 2 things control temp for testes
muscles which pull and let down testes
how the veins cool the arteries
where is sperm produced
seminiferous tubules
where does sperm mature
epididymis
where are sperm stored
ampula in vas deferens
how long can sperm live in vas deferens
42 days
this is important cause if someone gets an vasectomy then they can still have sperm in there for 42 days
seminal vessicles
produce fructose (energy for sperm) produce protoglandin (causes uterus and fallopian tubes to contract pushing the sperm towards the eggs)
prostate gland
secretes alkaline fluid
bulbourethral glands (cowpers glands)
secretes alkaline fluid
3 sections of penis
2 corpora cavernosa
1 corpus spongiosum
what 2 things does the testes produce
testosterone and sperm
leydig cells
these are stimulated by LH
when stimulated they produce testosterone
negative feedback from testosterone (inhibits both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary)
sertoli cells
FSH stimulates these cells
when stimulated they start spermatogenesis (need testosterone too for spermatogenesis to happen)
produce androgen binding protein, plasminogen activator, and inhibin
inhibin causes negative feedback
what does plasminogen activator do
helps release the sperm from sertoli cells
effects of testosterone
initiation and maintenance of body of body changes during puberty
promote Hgb synthesis
responsible for spermatogenesis
what hormone is responsible to determine if male or female
testosterone
Most common cause of female pseudohemaphroditism
adrenal hyperplasia
what can cause Pseudohermaphroditism in males
testicular feminizing syndrome (normal functioning testes but lack of receptors for testosterone)
causes of low testosterone
kleinfelters disease- most common Hypogonadism Trauma to Leydig cells Mumps RX/Chemo Testicular tumors HIV/AIDS ETOH (beer)
when does sperm become motile
in epidimis
oligospermia
< 20 million/ml
decreased fertility caused by heat, pharmaceuticals, and illicit drugs
what 2 things can be used for contraception for males
testosterone
progesterone and GnRH antagonist
where does spermatogenesis begin
hypothalamus and pituitary
how long does sperm last once ejaculated
24-48 hrs
what number of sperm is a warning for infertility
70 million
avg normal is 400 million
