Urology phys

Question 1

what cells produce testosterone

Answer 1

leydig cells

begins in 8th week and peaks at 12-14 and then declines until puberty

Question 2

when should testes descend

Answer 2

descend into scrotum right before birth

Question 3

tell me about the testes descent

Answer 3

AMH is produced (7-12 weeks) which descend the testes into the inguinal area. Then testosterone is prod (7-9 months) and descends them into the scrotum (tunica vaginalis). The descent is through the inguinal canal. If that canal doesn’t close after descent then the male is at risk of hernias

Question 4

muscles of scrotum

Answer 4

dartos muscle- wrinkles

cremaster muscle- elevates

Question 5

what 2 things control temp for testes

Answer 5

muscles which pull and let down testes

how the veins cool the arteries

Question 6

where is sperm produced

Answer 6

seminiferous tubules

Question 7

where does sperm mature

Answer 7

epididymis

Question 8

where are sperm stored

Answer 8

ampula in vas deferens

Question 9

how long can sperm live in vas deferens

Answer 9

42 days

this is important cause if someone gets an vasectomy then they can still have sperm in there for 42 days

Question 10

seminal vessicles

Answer 10

produce fructose (energy for sperm)
produce protoglandin (causes uterus and fallopian tubes to contract pushing the sperm towards the eggs)

Question 11

prostate gland

Answer 11

secretes alkaline fluid

Question 12

bulbourethral glands (cowpers glands)

Answer 12

secretes alkaline fluid

Question 13

3 sections of penis

Answer 13

2 corpora cavernosa

1 corpus spongiosum

Question 14

what 2 things does the testes produce

Answer 14

testosterone and sperm

Question 15

leydig cells

Answer 15

these are stimulated by LH
when stimulated they produce testosterone
negative feedback from testosterone (inhibits both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary)

Question 16

sertoli cells

Answer 16

FSH stimulates these cells
when stimulated they start spermatogenesis (need testosterone too for spermatogenesis to happen)
produce androgen binding protein, plasminogen activator, and inhibin
inhibin causes negative feedback

Question 17

what does plasminogen activator do

Answer 17

helps release the sperm from sertoli cells

Question 18

effects of testosterone

Answer 18

initiation and maintenance of body of body changes during puberty
promote Hgb synthesis
responsible for spermatogenesis

Question 19

what hormone is responsible to determine if male or female

Answer 19

testosterone

Question 20

Most common cause of female pseudohemaphroditism

Answer 20

adrenal hyperplasia

Question 21

what can cause Pseudohermaphroditism in males

Answer 21

testicular feminizing syndrome (normal functioning testes but lack of receptors for testosterone)

Question 22

causes of low testosterone

Answer 22

kleinfelters disease- most common
Hypogonadism
Trauma to Leydig cells
Mumps
RX/Chemo
Testicular tumors
HIV/AIDS
ETOH (beer)

Question 23

when does sperm become motile

Answer 23

in epidimis

Question 24

oligospermia

Answer 24

< 20 million/ml

decreased fertility caused by heat, pharmaceuticals, and illicit drugs

Question 25

what 2 things can be used for contraception for males

Answer 25

testosterone

progesterone and GnRH antagonist

Question 26

where does spermatogenesis begin

Answer 26

hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 27

how long does sperm last once ejaculated

Answer 27

24-48 hrs

Question 28

what number of sperm is a warning for infertility

Answer 28

70 million

avg normal is 400 million