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Ontario PCP 2019/2020 > Urology and Nephrology > Flashcards

Urology and Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system

A

the group of organs that produce urine, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance for the body

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2
Q

urine

A

the fluid made by the kidney and eliminated from the body

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3
Q

urea

A

waste derived from ammonia produced through protein metabolism

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4
Q

genitourinary system

A

the male organ system that includes reproductive and urinary structures

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5
Q

nephrology

A

the medical specialty dealing with the kidneys

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6
Q

urology

A

the surgical specialty dealing with the urinary/genitourinary system

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7
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidneys

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8
Q

end-stage renal failure

A

an extreme failure of kidney function due to nephron loss

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9
Q

dialysis

A

a procedure that replaces some lost kidney function due to nephron loss

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10
Q

kidney transplantation

A

implantation of a kidney into a person without functioning kidneys

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11
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones

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12
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate associated with aging

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13
Q

preventive strategy

A

a management plan to minimize further damage to vital tissues

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14
Q

mechanisms of nontraumatic urological disorders

A

inflammatory or immune-mediated disease
infectious disease
physical obstruction
hemorrhage

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15
Q

visceral pain

A

pain arising in hollow organs, such as the ureter and bladder

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16
Q

referred pain

A

pain felt in a location other than that of its origin

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17
Q

analgesics

A

pain relieving medications

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18
Q

patients most at risk for significant kidney problems

A

older patients
patients with diabetes
patients with chronic hypertension
patients with more than one risk factor

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19
Q

most common renal emergencies

A

acute renal failure
chronic renal failure
renal calculi

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20
Q

acute renal failure (ARF)

A

the sudden-onset of severely decreased urine production

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21
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urine elimination to 400-500 mL or less per day

22
Q

anuria

A

no elimination of urine

23
Q

causes of ARF

A

prerenal
renal
postrenal

24
Q

prerenal acute renal failure

A

due to decreased blood perfusion of kidneys

25
Q

renal ARF (renal acute renal failure)

A

ARF due to pathology within the kidney tissue itself

26
Q

microangiopathy

A

a disease affecting the smallest blood vessels

27
Q

acute tubular necrosis

A

a particular syndrome characterized by the sudden death of tubular cells

28
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

an inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons

29
Q

postrenal acute renal failure

A

ARF due to obstruction distal to the kidney

30
Q

chronic renal failure

A

permanently inadequate renal function due to nephron loss

31
Q

reduced nephron mass

A

the decrease in number of functional nephrons that causes chronic renal failure

32
Q

reduced renal mass

A

the decrease in kidney size associated with chronic renal failure

33
Q

isosthernuria

A

the ability to concentrate or dilute urine relative to the osmolarity of blood

34
Q

glucose intolerance

A

the body cells’ inability to take up glucose from the bloodstream

35
Q

uremia

A

the syndrome of signs and symptoms associated with chronic renal failure

36
Q

renal dialysis

A

artificial replacement of some critical kidney functions

37
Q

types of dialysis

A

hemodialysis

peritoneal dialysis

38
Q

dialysate

A

the solution in dialysis that is hypo-osmolar to many of the wastes and key electrolytes in blood

39
Q

hemodialysis

A

a dialysis procedure relying on vascular access to the blood and on an artificial membrane

40
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

a dialysis procedure relying on the peritoneal membrane as the semi-permeable membrane

41
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

an infection, usually bacterial, at any site in the urinary tract

42
Q

urinary stasis

A

a condition in which the bladder empties incompletely during urination

43
Q

urethritis

A

an infection and inflammation of the urethra

44
Q

cystitis

A

an infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder

45
Q

prostatitis

A

infection and inflammation of the prostate gland

46
Q

pyelonephritis

A

an infection and inflammation of the kidney

47
Q

intrarenal abscess

A

a pocket of infection within kidney tissue

48
Q

perinephric abscess

A

a pocket of infection in the layer of fat surrounding the kidney

49
Q

community-acquired infection

A

an infection occuring in a nonhospitalized patient who is not undergoing regular medical procedures, including the use of such instruments as catheters

50
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired in a medical setting

Ontario PCP 2019/2020 (8 decks)

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