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Ontario PCP 2019/2020 > Blunt Trauma > Flashcards

Blunt Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Is blunt trauma common?

A

YES, it is the MOST common cause of trauma-related death and disability

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2
Q

Can you see how bad the blunt trauma is?

A

no, blunt trauma can be deceptive because the truth nature of injury is often hidden and evidence of the serious injury is very subtle or even absent.

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3
Q

Kinetics

A

the branch of physics that deals with motion, taking into consideration mass and force

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4
Q

inertia

A

explains what happens during the blunt trauma; tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion unless acted on by an external force.

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5
Q

motion

A

the process of changing place; movement.

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6
Q

what happens upon an impact

A

the patient absorbs the energy

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7
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work in the strict physical sense

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8
Q

Kinetic energy

A

is the energy of motion. .

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9
Q

what can trauma be categorized as?

A

blunt or penetrating

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10
Q

what is blunt trauma?

A

blunt trauma occurs when a body area is struck by an object. which can damage organs beneath the skin. Can be deep within the body cavity.

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11
Q

what is penetrating injury

A

penetrating injury is produce when an object enters the body resulting in direct injury

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12
Q

what are the events of vehicle collision, in order?

A 
Vehicle collision
body collision
organ collision
secondary collisions
additional impacts
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13
Q

what may secondary collisions cause?

A

a patients injuries or severity

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14
Q

what are the types of impact?

A 
frontal
lateral
rotational
rear-end
rollover
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15
Q

frontal impact?

A

most common type of impact.

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16
Q

what to pathways occur with a frontal impact?

A

down-and-under (occupant slides down, knee femur hip dislocations or fractures are common)
up-and-over (occupant tenses legs, in preparation for impact, upper body pivots upward and forward, femurs hit and cause bilateral femur fractures, may also abdominal and head injuries)
Ejection (injury anywhere on the body, occupant flies out of vehicle)

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17
Q

axial loading

A

application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine.

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18
Q

crumple zone

A

the region of a vehicle designed to absorb the energy of impact

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19
Q

what may the occupant experience in a lateral impact?

A

may experience impact to eh head, lateral bending of the neck, twisting of the heart and the aorta, and humeral. clavicular, pelvis, and femoral fracture.

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20
Q

head and body cavity injuries account for how much?

A

67.2%

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21
Q

what way does an adult frequently turn when hit by a car?

A

turn away

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22
Q

what does a child frequently turn when hit by a car?

A

turn toward it

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23
Q

pressure wave

A

area of over-pressure that radiates outward from an explosion

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24
Q

what are the mechanisms associated with blasts in order?

A 
pressure wave
blast wind
projectiles
personnel displacement
confined space explosions and structural collapses
burns
25
Q

an explosion releases tremendous amount of what?

A

heat energy which generates a pressure wave, blast wind, and projection of debris

26
Q

what are the blast injury phases?

A

primary - caused by heat of explosion and overpressure wave
secondary - caused by blast projectiles
Tertiary - caused by personnel displacement and structural collpase

27
Q

most common injury associated with an explosion is?

A

pulmonary injuries

28
Q

what happens in the lung in pulmonary blast trauma?

A

the pressure wave rapidly and forcefully compresses and distorts the chest cavity, individual air passages and the alveoli. during compression/decompression the air pressures in these areas do not have to time to equalize as they do with normal respiration. the extreme pressure damages or ruptures the thin and delicate alveolar walls. resulting in the fluid accumulation, hemorrhage, and possibly even the entry of air directly into the bloodstream from the alveoli. fluid accommodation (pulmonary edema) makes the lungs less elastic and air movement more difficult. the victim may spit or cough up blood or a frothy mixture of blood and air.

29
Q

how to ventilate and what position should you try to put a blast inured occupant it?

A

very carefully, the mechanism of injury may have damaged the alveolar-capillary walls and opened small blood vessels to the alveolar space. positive pressure ventilations may push small air bubbles into the vascular system and create emboli. these emboli may quickly travel to the heart and break

try to put the patient in the left lateral recumbent position with the head somewhat down. this positioning with discourage emboli from travelling up the carotid arteries and toward the brain.

30
Q

what happens in the abdomen in a blast injury

A

blast waves sudden compression/decompression may damage the air-filled bowel violent movements of the bowel wall cause hemorrhage and possibly wall structure. Rupture releases bowel contents into the abdominal cavity, leading, overtime, to severe infection and irritation (peritonitis)

31
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the best wall and lung

32
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

33
Q

emboli

A

undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in the bloodstream that may cause blockage of blood vessels.

34
Q

sport injuries are most commonly produced by what

A

extreme exertion, fatigue, or direct trauma forces

35
Q

The capacity to do work is termed:

A

Energy

36
Q

The order of events in an auto collision are:

A

vehicle collision, body collision, organ collision, and secondary collisions.

37
Q

Hand, finger, facial, and nasal injuries in an automobile accident are most likely caused by:

A

airbags

38
Q

The up-and-over pathway is most commonly associated with:

A

frontal auto collisions.

39
Q

The type of injury most commonly associated with the rear-end impact is:

A

neck injury.

40
Q

In motor collisions, helmets can reduce the incidence and severity of head injury by:

A

50-65%

41
Q

The branch of physics that deals with forces affecting objects in motion and the energy exchanges that occur as objects collide is

A

kinetics

42
Q

The tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion unless acted on by an external force is:

A

inertia

43
Q

Kinetic energy is the energy of

A

motion

44
Q

According to the kinetic energy formula, if an object’s weight is quadrupled the kinetic energy will:

A

quadruple.

45
Q

Energy can neither be created not destroyed. It only changes from one form to another is the Law of:

A

Conservation of Energy.

46
Q

According to the kinetic energy formula, it is twice as damaging to be hit by a four kilogram object as it is to be hit by a(n)

A

two kilogram object.

47
Q

According to the kinetic energy formula, as speed increases there is a(n):

A

squared increase in kinetic energy

48
Q

Often the main factor in auto collisions is the vehicle’s:

A

deceleration

49
Q

When significant kinetic energy is applied to human anatomy it is referred to as

A

trauma

50
Q

The phase of a vehicle collision where kinetic energy converts to vehicle damage is:

A

vehicle collision

51
Q

The phase of a vehicle collision when a vehicle’s occupant strikes the interior and the initial tissue trauma occurs is in the

A

body collision

52
Q

The phase of a vehicle collision where an occupant’s body comes to a halt resulting in blunt trauma is:

A

organ collision

53
Q

The phase of a vehicle collision when an occupant is hit by objects traveling within the auto is the:

A

secondary collisions

54
Q

If an occupant is only wearing a lap belt during a vehicle collision they are most likely to incur abdominal compression and:

A

spinal (T12 to L2) injuries

55
Q

Left front, right front, left rear, and right rear are subcategories of

A

rotational vehicle impacts.

56
Q

The region of a vehicle designed to absorb the energy of impact is the

A

crumple zone.

57
Q

The majority of vehicular trauma injuries occur to the:

A

head and body cavity.

58
Q

The four types of motorcycle impacts are frontal, ejection, sliding, and:

A

angular

59
Q

The area of overpressure that radiates outward from an explosion is a(n):

A

pressure wave.

Ontario PCP 2019/2020 (8 decks)

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