Cardiology Flashcards
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
disease affecting the heart, peripheral blood vessels or both
where is the heart located in the chest?
in the centre of the chest in the mediastinum
endocardium
the innermost layer that lines the chambers
myocardium
the middle layer with its unique ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses causing the heart to contract
pericardium
the protective sac surrounding the heart
what do valves control?
the flow of blood through the heart
where is the aortic valve located
between the left ventricle and aorta
where is the pulmonary valve located
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
what does the right atrium receive
deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava
what does the right atrium send
deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
oxygenated blood is returned from…
lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins
the left ventricle pumps …
oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta
oxygenated blood is pumped from …
the heart to the tissues via the arteries
deoxygenated blood is transported from the tissues back..
to the heart via the veins
what do the capillaries connect?
arteries and veins
where do the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the body tissues take place?
through the very thin capillary walls
what does the left coronary artery supply?
left ventricle, interventricular septum, part of the right ventricle, and the conduction system.
what does the right coronary artery supply?
a portion of the right atrium and right ventricle and part of the conduction system.
diastole
the relaxation phase that takes place at the end of a cardiac contraction
systole
the contraction phase
stroke volume depends on three things
preload, cardiac contractility and afterload
bipolar leads
ECG leads applied to the arms and legs that contain two electrodes of opposite ( + and - ) polarity; leads i, ii, iii
einthoven’s triangle
the triangle around the heart formed by the bipolar leads
augmented leads
another term for unipolar leads, reflecting the fact that the ground lead is disconnected which increases the amplitude of deflection on the ECG tracing