urology A&P

Question 1

what is included in the urinary system?

Answer 1

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
prostate (MEN)

Question 2

kidney function

Answer 2

maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

rid the body of water soluble wastes via urine

Question 3

3 important endocrine functions by the kidney

Answer 3

1. produces erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production)
2. activates vitamin D
3. produces renin, which helps regulate BP

Question 4

where is the kidney located/assessed?

Answer 4

in the retroperitoneal space –> assessed at the costovertebral angle (12th rib)

Question 5

nephrons

Answer 5

functional unit of the kidney

each kidney contains > 1 million nephrons – we can fxn with 10-25% (why humans can donate 1 kidney)

Question 6

tissues of the kidney

Answer 6

-renal pelvis
-medulla
-renal cortex

Question 7

renal pelvis

Answer 7

large collecting area for urine that drains from the nephrons

Question 8

medulla

Answer 8

contains 8-12 pyramids that consist of:
-collecting tubules
-collecting ducts
-loops of henle & capillaries

Question 9

renal cortex

Answer 9

contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules

Question 10

kidney blood supply

Answer 10

1/4 cardiac output delivered to kidneys

total kidney blood flow 1200mL/min

Question 11

function of nephrons

Answer 11

filter water-soluble substances from the blood
reabsorb filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
secrete wastes and excesses

Question 12

what does each nephron contain

Answer 12

glomerulus and a tubule

Question 13

nephron: glomerulus

Answer 13

-filters fluid from blood into tubules
-prevents passages of RBC and proteins
-surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

overall glomerular filtration rate ~ 125mL/min

Question 14

ureters

Answer 14

2; narrow, 10-12 inches long

drain urine from renal pelvis to bladder

Question 15

bladder

Answer 15

reservoir for urine

normal: 1500mL/day

Question 16

urethra

Answer 16

small muscular tube from bladder neck to meatus
*female: 1-2 in
*male: 8-10 in

Question 17

hypercalcemia: kidneys

Answer 17

kidneys have to work harder to filter calcium – can cause excessive thirst and frequent urination